CN111968772A - Heterojunction isotope battery based on graphene - Google Patents
Heterojunction isotope battery based on graphene Download PDFInfo
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- CN111968772A CN111968772A CN202010868066.8A CN202010868066A CN111968772A CN 111968772 A CN111968772 A CN 111968772A CN 202010868066 A CN202010868066 A CN 202010868066A CN 111968772 A CN111968772 A CN 111968772A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
- G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
- G21H1/06—Cells wherein radiation is applied to the junction of different semiconductor materials
Abstract
The invention provides a graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery which comprises a graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure and a radioactive source matched with the graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure, wherein the graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure comprises a substrate material layer, a back electrode arranged on the back surface of the substrate material layer, and a graphene layer arranged on the front surface of the substrate material layer, wherein a heterojunction is formed between the graphene layer and the substrate material layer. According to the invention, the heterojunction is formed by adopting the graphene and the semiconductor material, the thickness of the graphene of the heterojunction metal layer is only a few nanometers, the absorption and blocking effect of the metal layer on the source layer is reduced, the work function of the graphene is higher, a larger built-in electric field can be formed with the semiconductor material, the improvement of open-circuit voltage is facilitated, meanwhile, the graphene can also be used as an electrode material, the energy loss of radioactive source decay particles is further reduced, and the overall energy conversion efficiency of the isotope battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of isotope batteries, relates to a radiant volt type isotope battery, and particularly relates to a graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery.
Background
An isotope battery is an energy supply device which converts decay energy of a radioactive isotope source into electric energy through a certain energy conversion mode. The Radio Volt Isotope Battery (RVIB) is a device that converts charged particle energy released by Isotope decay into electric energy through a semiconductor, has the natural advantages of easy miniaturization and long service life, has strong environmental adaptability and good stability, does not need maintenance, and is expected to become the best power supply for micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS).
In the disclosed isotope battery patents, most of the radiant volt type isotope batteries adopt a PN junction, that is, under the action of a built-in electric field formed by the PN junction, separation of electron-hole pairs is realized, so that output of current is realized, however, the conventional radiant volt PN junction isotope battery needs an additional metal thin layer composite electrode as an electrode to be led out, so that attenuation of radioactive source rays is further enhanced, and the energy conversion efficiency of the conventional radiant volt type isotope battery is low. The existing isotope battery has the advantages of generally low energy conversion efficiency, high production cost, large difficulty in processing of part of design processes, and urgent need for designing an isotope battery with high energy conversion efficiency, simple structure and easiness in processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery which can increase the built-in electric field intensity formed between graphene and a semiconductor in an energy efficiency manner, improve the effective separation and transmission of current carriers and further improve the energy conversion efficiency of the isotope battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a heterojunction isotope battery based on graphite alkene, including graphite alkene heterojunction energy conversion structure and with graphite alkene heterojunction energy conversion structure matched with radiation source, graphite alkene heterojunction energy conversion structure includes the substrate material layer, sets up the back electrode at the back on substrate material layer sets up the positive graphite alkene layer on substrate material layer, graphite alkene layer with form the heterojunction between the substrate material layer.
Furthermore, an insulating passivation layer for saturating dangling bonds on the surface of the substrate material is formed on one side surface of the substrate material layer connected with the graphene layer, so that the state density of an interface is reduced, the carrier concentration of the interface is reduced, and the electrical property of the heterojunction is finally improved.
Furthermore, the insulating passivation layer is made of any one of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur, hydrogen and silicon nitride.
Furthermore, the graphene layer is directly taken as an upper electrode to be led out, so that the energy loss of radioactive source decay particles is further reduced, and the graphene layer is at least provided with one layer.
Further, the substrate material layer is a semiconductor material, and the semiconductor material is a simple substance element semiconductor, a compound semiconductor or a third generation semiconductor.
Preferably, the elementary substance element semiconductor is any one of silicon, germanium and selenium, or other elementary substance element semiconductors; the compound semiconductor is any one of gallium arsenide and indium telluride, or other compound semiconductors; the third-generation semiconductor is any one of silicon carbide, gallium nitride, zinc oxide and diamond, or other third-generation semiconductor materials.
Further, the back electrode is any one of a platinum electrode, a gold electrode, an indium gallium electrode and a copper electrode.
Further, the radioactive source comprises a radioactive source substrate material layer and a radioactive isotope source capable of emitting decay particles, the radioactive isotope source is arranged on one side, close to the graphene layer, of the radioactive source, and the radioactive source substrate material layer is arranged on one side, far away from the graphene layer, of the radioactive source.
Further, the radioactive source substrate material layer is made of a material capable of coupling or adsorbing the radioactive isotope source.
Further, the radioisotope source is a beta radioisotope source or an alpha radioisotope source.
Preferably, the beta radiationThe radioactive isotope source is3H、63Ni、90Sr、137Cs、144Ce、147Any one of Pm, or other beta radioisotope source, wherein the alpha radioisotope source is210Po、226Ra、238Pu、241Am、244Cm, or any other source of alpha-emitting radioisotope.
Furthermore, the graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure and the radioactive source form a battery unit, and a plurality of battery units are in butt joint packaging in a series connection or parallel connection or multi-layer crenellation mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the heterojunction is formed by adopting the graphene and the semiconductor material, the thickness of the graphene of the heterojunction metal layer is only a few nanometers, and the absorption and blocking effect of the metal layer on the source layer is reduced as much as possible; the work function of the graphene is high, a large built-in electric field can be formed with a semiconductor material, and the improvement of open-circuit voltage is facilitated; the graphene can also be used as an electrode material, so that the energy loss of radioactive source decay particles is further reduced. The design of the invention improves the overall energy conversion efficiency of the isotope battery to the maximum extent.
2. The graphene material has ultrathin thickness, can effectively reduce the volume size of an isotope battery, and achieves flexible output of different powers by combining the castellations and the serial-parallel connection mode. The invention has simple structure, small volume and easy production and processing, can be flexibly combined according to different working environments, and expands the application range of the device.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery.
Description of reference numerals:
1. an energy conversion structure; 11. a layer of substrate material; 12. a back electrode; 13. an insulating passivation layer; 14. a graphene layer; 2. a radioactive source; 21. a radioactive source substrate material layer; 22. a source of radioisotope.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, "a plurality" means two or more. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the invention.
See fig. 1.
The invention provides a graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery, which comprises a graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure 1 and a radioactive source 2 matched with the graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure 1, wherein the graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure 1 comprises a substrate material layer 11, a back electrode 12 arranged on the back surface of the substrate material layer 11, and a graphene layer 14 arranged on the front surface of the substrate material layer 11, and a heterojunction is formed between the graphene layer 14 and the substrate material layer 11.
Specifically, a passivation insulating layer 13 for saturating dangling bonds on the surface of the substrate material layer 11 is formed on one side surface of the substrate material layer 11 connected with the graphene layer 14.
The radioactive source 2 comprises a radioactive source substrate material layer 21 and a radioactive isotope source 22 capable of emitting decay particles, the radioactive isotope source 22 is arranged on one side of the radioactive source 2 close to the graphene layer 14, and the radioactive source substrate material layer 21 is arranged on one side of the radioactive source 2 far away from the graphene layer 14.
In one embodiment, the specific design is as follows:
in the design of the heterojunction isotope battery based on graphene provided by this embodiment, the substrate material layer 11 is monocrystalline silicon, which is purchased from mixcrystal limited, and has the specification: 1cm × 1 cm; the back electrode 12 is made of Au and formed by magnetron sputtering, and the thickness is 40 nm; the insulating passivation layer 13 is SiO2The material is formed by natural oxidation, and the thickness is 2 nm; the graphene layer 14 is arranged into 3-5 layers, and the thickness is 1nm when the graphene layer is transferred by a matrix etching method; the radioisotope source 22 is radioactive63A Ni source with a thickness of 200 nm; the radioactive source substrate material layer 21 is a Ni film supporting the radioisotope source 22 and has a thickness of 200 um.
Experimental results show that the open-circuit voltage of the battery is 0.2V, the short-circuit current is 365nA, the conversion efficiency of the device reaches 0.9 percent, and the voltage is higher than that of the battery obtained in the year of Andrey 2019, namely, the open-circuit voltage of the battery is 0.2V, and the short-circuit current of the battery reaches 0.9 percent63The conversion efficiency reported in Ni layer is 0.67%, which is improved by 34%. Embodies the use of graphene heterojunction as the transduction materialThe comprehensive performance of the radiant volt-effect battery can be effectively improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A heterojunction isotope battery based on graphite alkene which characterized in that: including graphite alkene heterojunction energy conversion structure (1) and with graphite alkene heterojunction energy conversion structure (1) matched with radiation source (2), graphite alkene heterojunction energy conversion structure (1) includes substrate material layer (11), sets up back electrode (12) at the back of substrate material layer (11), sets up positive graphite alkene layer (14) of substrate material layer (11), graphite alkene layer (14) with form the heterojunction between substrate material layer (11).
2. The graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery of claim 1, wherein: and a passivation insulating layer (13) used for saturating dangling bonds on the surface of the substrate material layer (11) is formed on one side surface, connected with the graphene layer (14), of the substrate material layer (11).
3. The graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery of claim 2, wherein: the insulating passivation layer (13) is made of any one of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur, hydrogen and silicon nitride.
4. A graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the graphene layer (14) is directly led out as an upper electrode, and at least one layer is arranged on the graphene layer (14).
5. A graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the substrate material layer (11) is a semiconductor material, and the semiconductor material is a simple substance element semiconductor, a compound semiconductor or a third generation semiconductor.
6. A graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the back electrode (12) is made of any one of a platinum electrode, a gold electrode, an indium-gallium electrode and a copper electrode.
7. A graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the radioactive source (2) comprises a radioactive source substrate material layer (21) and a radioactive isotope source (22) capable of emitting decay particles, the radioactive isotope source (22) is arranged on one side, close to the graphene layer (14), of the radioactive source (2), and the radioactive source substrate material layer (21) is arranged on one side, away from the graphene layer (14), of the radioactive source (2).
8. The graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery of claim 7, wherein: the radioactive source substrate material layer (21) is made of a material capable of coupling or adsorbing the radioactive isotope source (22).
9. The graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery of claim 7, wherein: the radioisotope source (22) is a beta radioisotope source or an alpha radioisotope source.
10. A graphene-based heterojunction isotope battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the graphene heterojunction energy conversion structure (1) and the radioactive source (2) form a battery unit, and a plurality of battery units are in butt joint packaging in a series connection or parallel connection or multi-layer crenellation mode.
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| CN202010868066.8A CN111968772B (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Heterojunction isotope battery based on graphite alkene |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112489848A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Semiconductor radiation battery |
| CN114203326A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-18 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Graphene-packaged ultrathin nickel-63 radiation source film and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114203326B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-04-30 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Graphene-encapsulated ultrathin nickel-63 radiation source film and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114203326B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-04-30 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Graphene-encapsulated ultrathin nickel-63 radiation source film and preparation method and application thereof |
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