CN111961928A - Production process method of high-silicon aluminum alloy section for automobile - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy section for an automobile, which comprises the following steps: step one, smelting, wherein a rectangular heat accumulating type dome radiation furnace is adopted in the smelting method; step two, after smelting, refining by adopting argon and an environment-friendly sodium-free refining agent; step three, performing modification treatment, uniformly adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy into the smelted melt, and introducing argon gas for stirring; homogenizing, heating by adopting a trolley type natural gas thermal circulation furnace, preserving heat, discharging, naturally cooling by air, and cooling to room temperature; step five, casting, wherein the temperature of the melt is 680-730 ℃, the melt is cast after standing for 25-35 Min, a refiner is added, and the melt is filtered by a ceramic filter plate; extruding, namely extruding and forming by adopting a horizontal forward extruder; step seven, cooling in a water cooling mode after extrusion forming; step eight, sawing into a standard fixed length, and preparing for aging; and step nine, aging, namely performing aging treatment by adopting a trolley type natural gas heat circulation aging furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production process method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy section for an automobile, belonging to the technical field of aluminum extrusion processing.
Background
Referring to fig. 1, the aluminum alloy is the european standard number. Conforms to DIN EN 1706 standard. Is a cast aluminum alloy. Under the designation EN AC-45500. If the alloy is not modified or is not modified sufficiently, the defects of pores, looseness, coarse crystals and the like of the cast rod can be caused. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the required chemical composition is very similar to ZL 101. The mechanical properties required in the national standard ZL101 are RM more than or equal to 220MPa, Rp0.2 more than or equal to 180MPa, elongation more than or equal to 2 percent and hardness HB 65-95, and the mechanical properties can not meet the requirements at all.
Silicon in the high-silicon aluminum alloy can improve the fluidity of a melt, improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy and improve the wear resistance of the alloy. After adding a certain amount of copper and magnesium elements, main strengthening phases Al2Cu and Mg2Si can be formed. The mechanical property of the alloy can be improved. Therefore, the automobile engine casing is generally made of high-silicon aluminum alloy. However, the high silicon aluminum alloy has a disadvantage that a coarse eutectic structure is easily formed to cause segregation in the alloy structure. Resulting in poor mechanical properties of the alloy. The wear resistance and mechanical properties become poor. Cannot meet the use requirement. Therefore, a production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile is urgently needed to solve the problem in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, a new technical scheme is especially provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy section for an automobile, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a production process method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy profile for an automobile comprises the following steps:
step one, smelting, wherein a rectangular heat accumulating type dome radiation furnace is adopted in the smelting method;
step two, after smelting, refining by adopting argon and an environment-friendly sodium-free refining agent;
step three, performing modification treatment, uniformly adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy into the smelted melt, and introducing argon gas for stirring;
homogenizing, heating by adopting a trolley type natural gas thermal circulation furnace, preserving heat, discharging, naturally cooling by air, and cooling to room temperature;
step five, casting, wherein the temperature of the melt is 680-730 ℃, the melt is cast after standing for 25-35 Min, a refiner is added, and the melt is filtered by a ceramic filter plate;
extruding, namely extruding and forming by adopting a horizontal forward extruder;
step seven, cooling in a water cooling mode after extrusion forming;
step eight, sawing into a standard fixed length, and preparing for aging;
and step nine, aging, namely performing aging treatment by adopting a trolley type natural gas heat circulation aging furnace.
Preferably, the temperature of the step one smelting is 700-760 ℃.
Preferably, the step two refining temperature is 730-.
Preferably, the refining times of the second step are 3 times, and the time of each time is 15-20 minutes.
Preferably, in the third step, when the melt temperature is 750-762 ℃, the waffle-shaped AlSr10 master alloy is uniformly added, argon is introduced for stirring for 15 minutes, the furnace body temperature is measured to reach 750 ℃, and then the furnace door is closed and the furnace is kept stand for 20-30 minutes.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the fourth step is 530 ℃ to 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 7 hours.
Preferably, the melt temperature of the five steps is 750 ℃, the melt is cast after standing for 30Min, 1.2kg/T of refining agent ALTIB wire is added and filtered by a 40-mesh ceramic filter plate, and the melt temperature on a casting disc adopted is 710 ℃, the diameter of a casting rod is 170mm, the speed is 130mm/Miin, and the casting length is 9 m.
Preferably, the horizontal forward extruder is adopted in the sixth step and is provided with an online water cooling system, the heating rod temperature of the extruder is 480 ℃, the die temperature is 500 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 390 ℃, the extrusion speed is controlled, and the discharge port temperature is 520-.
Preferably, the primary aging heating temperature of the step nine is 170 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 11 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the new process method improves the alloy proportion and carries out modification treatment in the casting process. Reasonable homogenizing process, extrusion process, solid solution process and aging process are combined. The obtained product has good surface quality, uniform structure and mechanical property higher than the requirements (RM is more than or equal to 320MPa, Rp0.2 is more than or equal to 240MPa and the elongation percentage is more than or equal to 4 percent and is about 10 percent. The mechanical property is far higher than that of ZL 101. The technical requirements are met. Batch stable production is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a table of chemical compositions of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a table of the optimized components of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure of FIG. 2 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawings of the specification, the invention provides a technical scheme that: a production process method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy profile for an automobile comprises the following steps:
step one, smelting, wherein a rectangular heat accumulating type dome radiation furnace is adopted in the smelting method;
step two, after smelting, refining by adopting argon and an environment-friendly sodium-free refining agent;
step three, performing modification treatment, uniformly adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy into the smelted melt, and introducing argon gas for stirring;
homogenizing, heating by adopting a trolley type natural gas thermal circulation furnace, preserving heat, discharging, naturally cooling by air, and cooling to room temperature;
step five, casting, wherein the temperature of the melt is 680-730 ℃, the melt is cast after standing for 25-35 Min, a refiner is added, and the melt is filtered by a ceramic filter plate;
extruding, namely extruding and forming by adopting a horizontal forward extruder;
step seven, cooling in a water cooling mode after extrusion forming;
step eight, sawing into a standard fixed length, and preparing for aging;
and step nine, aging, namely performing aging treatment by adopting a trolley type natural gas heat circulation aging furnace.
Preferably, the temperature of the step one smelting is 700-760 ℃.
Preferably, the step two refining temperature is 730-.
Preferably, the refining times of the second step are 3 times, and the time of each time is 15-20 minutes.
Preferably, in the third step, when the melt temperature is 750-762 ℃, the waffle-shaped AlSr10 master alloy is uniformly added, argon is introduced for stirring for 15 minutes, the furnace body temperature is measured to reach 750 ℃, and then the furnace door is closed and the furnace is kept stand for 20-30 minutes.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the fourth step is 530 ℃ to 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 7 hours.
Preferably, the melt temperature of the five steps is 750 ℃, the melt is cast after standing for 30Min, 1.2kg/T of refining agent ALTIB wire is added and filtered by a 40-mesh ceramic filter plate, and the melt temperature on a casting disc adopted is 710 ℃, the diameter of a casting rod is 170mm, the speed is 130mm/Miin, and the casting length is 9 m.
Preferably, the horizontal forward extruder is adopted in the sixth step and is provided with an online water cooling system, the heating rod temperature of the extruder is 480 ℃, the die temperature is 500 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 390 ℃, the extrusion speed is controlled, and the discharge port temperature is 520-.
Preferably, the primary aging heating temperature of the step nine is 170 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 11 hours.
The technical method aims to provide a technical method to realize that the cast aluminum alloy EN AC-45500 with the European standard meets the extrusion production, and the mechanical property of the product meets the application of automobile equipment and meets the requirements of customers.
The process method comprises the following steps:
1. the component control, referring to fig. 2, the optimized components (meeting the standard of DIN EN 1706, but strictly meeting the standard) are adopted to control the Si element to be in the middle upper limit, so that the fluidity of the alloy can be improved, and the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy can be improved. The addition of the Cu element mainly produces Al2Cu strengthening strength. The mechanical property of the alloy can be improved. The machinability of the alloy can be improved. The addition of Mg element mainly improves the mechanical property of the material. Thus. The Cu and Si elements are controlled to be at the upper limit of the alloy.
2. Smelting and modification process: when the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is controlled at 700-780 ℃ and 760-780 ℃, the Si agent and the Cu agent are added, the addition amount is not more than 300Kg each time, and the mixture is stirred in time. Adding Mg agent at the temperature of 720 ℃ and 750 ℃. The refining temperature is 740 and 760 ℃, the melt is refined by using argon, wherein the mode of refining the melt by using the argon can be that the argon passes through a thick-wall iron pipe and is connected with an air pipe, and the argon passes through a refining gas tank filled with an environment-friendly sodium-free refining agent, so that the refining agent is carried into the iron pipe. One end of the iron pipe enters molten liquid, gas can carry refining agent into melt, and the boiling height of the aluminum liquid is adjusted to be about 200mm by adjusting the pressure of argon gas. Then the iron pipe is uniformly moved in the aluminum liquid. The chemical components in the liquid are uniform, and the rare slag which does not float out in the aluminum liquid is gathered by the refining agent. And (4) floating. And then slagging. . Refining for 3 times, each time for 15-20 min. Can make the melt completely alloyed and avoid the composition segregation. But also can lead the slag in the melt to gather and float up, is convenient for slag skimming and leads the melt to be purer. And the melt cannot be over-burnt, so that the alloy is excessively burnt.
Controlling the melt temperature of 740 ℃ and 760 ℃, and uniformly adding 1-2kg/T of waffle AlSr10 master alloy. And rapidly stirring with argon for 10-15 minutes. Standing for 30-40 min. So that the aluminum-strontium intermediate alloy is fully melted and uniformly diffused.
3. And (3) casting process: adopting an equal level hot top semi-continuous casting, standing the melt for 20-30min, uniformly adding 1-2Kg/T of AlTiB refiner, filtering the melt by a ceramic filter plate with 30-60 meshes, and controlling the casting temperature of 680-730 ℃ and the casting speed (phi 170-100-140mm/min and phi 120-50-180 mm/min). The surface quality and the metallographic structure of the cast rod can meet the requirement of more than II grade of YS/T67.
4. And (3) homogenizing: naturally cooling at 530 +/-5 ℃ for 6-8H. Can effectively eliminate the segregation of the structure components of the cast rod. The metallographic structure of the cast rod is stabilized, and the extrusion performance of the cast rod is improved.
5. An extrusion process: the rod temperature is 470 ℃ and 500 ℃, and the cylinder temperature is 380 ℃ and 420 ℃. The mold 480-. The temperature of the discharge port is 500-530 ℃. The size and the surface quality of the product can meet the technical requirements of the product.
6. Solid solution process: the temperature of the discharge port is strictly controlled at 500 ℃ and 530 ℃, and an on-line water penetration quenching solid solution process is adopted. Cooling rate: not less than 150 ℃/S. Continuously cooling to room temperature without temperature return phenomenon. Compared with the mode of off-line solid solution treatment, the mode saves energy and can improve the production efficiency. And can make the alloy metallographic structure form a completely supersaturated solid solution.
7. The aging process comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 170 +/-5 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10-11 hours, the aging is carried out for a long time at a low temperature, and the strengthening phases (Mg2Si and Al2Cu) in the supersaturated solid solution can be fully precipitated.
The metallurgical structure obtained by the process method is that Si phase is uniformly distributed in an Al matrix in a block shape or a flake shape with uniform size. And Mg2Si and Al2Cu phases are uniformly precipitated in the Al matrix. The mechanical property and the wear resistance can meet the requirements. The mechanical property is stable at Rm of 350-370MPa and Rp0.2 of 270-290 MPa. All above about 10% of the desired strength.
The utility model relates to a new technique, belonging to aluminum extrusion processing industry, which is applied to automobile parts (engine cam shaft sleeve). The specific mode is a process method for achieving the required performance by designing and controlling the components of the aluminum alloy, a casting process (modification treatment), a homogenizing process, an extrusion process, a solid solution process and an aging process. This alloy belongs to the cast aluminium alloy. By the process, the internal structure of the alloy is modified, and the characteristics of the wrought aluminum alloy are achieved. And then the working procedures of extrusion, solid solution and aging are carried out. The mechanical property of the alloy is far higher than that of the as-cast aluminum alloy.
EXAMPLE 1
Firstly, a circular tube product is sleeved on a cam shaft bushing of an automobile engine. The material state is EN Ac 45500-T6, the mechanical property requirement is RM more than or equal to 320MPa, Rp0.2 more than or equal to 240MPa, and the elongation percentage more than or equal to 4%. The production of the product comprises the following steps:
1. smelting: the smelting temperature is 730 ℃ by adopting a rectangular regenerative type dome radiant furnace at-20T, the refining temperature is 750 ℃, and the refining is carried out by adopting argon and an environment-friendly sodium-free refining agent. Refining for 3 times, and removing waste residue after 20Min refining is completed each time. The chemical components are as follows: si 7.0Mg 0.39Fe 0.18Cu 0.56Mn 0.08Zn 0.023
2. Modification treatment: the melt temperature is 755 ℃, and 35Kg of waffle AlSr10 master alloy is evenly added. And stirred for 15 minutes under argon. The furnace temperature was measured at 750 ℃. Then closing the furnace door and standing for 25 minutes.
3. Homogenizing: the heating is carried out by adopting a trolley type natural gas thermal cycle furnace, the heating temperature is 535 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 7 hours. And naturally cooling after discharging. Cooling to room temperature
4. Casting: the melt temperature is 750 ℃, casting is carried out after standing for 30Min, and 1.2kg/T of refiner ALTIB wire is added. And filtered through a 40 mesh ceramic filter plate. The melt temperature on the casting pan was 710 ℃. The casting bar diameter was 170mm, the speed was 130mm/Miin, and the casting length was 9 m.
5. Extruding: A2000T horizontal forward extruder is provided with an online water cooling system. Heating rod temperature 480 ℃, mold temperature: 500 ℃ and the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 390 ℃. The extrusion speed was controlled and the discharge port temperature was 525 ℃. The size and the surface quality of the section meet the requirements of technical drawings.
6. Solid solution: and an online water cooling mode is adopted. The discharge port temperature was 525 ℃. After leaving the water cooling device, the temperature of the profile was 28 ℃. The extrusion speed was about 6 m/min.
And (5) straightening the subsequent section, sawing the section into a standard 6m fixed length, and framing the section. And (5) preparing for aging.
7. Aging: a trolley type natural gas thermal cycle aging furnace is adopted, the primary aging heating temperature is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 11 hours.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, random sampling is performed, metallographic structure and mechanical property detection is performed, and mechanical property (Rm: 352.2 MPa. Rp0.2278.4Mpa A% 13.5 Rm: 370.2 MPa. Rp0.2292.6Mpa 12.5%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, smelting, wherein a rectangular heat accumulating type dome radiation furnace is adopted in the smelting method;
step two, after smelting, refining by adopting argon and an environment-friendly sodium-free refining agent;
step three, performing modification treatment, uniformly adding AlSr10 intermediate alloy into the smelted melt, and introducing argon gas for stirring;
homogenizing, heating by adopting a trolley type natural gas thermal circulation furnace, preserving heat, discharging, naturally cooling by air, and cooling to room temperature;
step five, casting, wherein the temperature of the melt is 680-730 ℃, the melt is cast after standing for 25-35 Min, a refiner is added, and the melt is filtered by a ceramic filter plate;
extruding, namely extruding and forming by adopting a horizontal forward extruder;
step seven, cooling in a water cooling mode after extrusion forming;
step eight, sawing into a standard fixed length, and preparing for aging;
and step nine, aging, namely performing aging treatment by adopting a trolley type natural gas heat circulation aging furnace.
2. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the smelting temperature in the first step is 700-760 ℃.
3. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refining temperature of the second step is 730-.
4. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refining times in the second step are 3 times, and the time of each time is 15-20 minutes.
5. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step three, uniformly adding waffle-shaped AlSr10 intermediate alloy when the melt temperature is 750-762 ℃, introducing argon gas, stirring for 15 minutes, measuring the temperature of the furnace body to 750 ℃, closing the furnace door, and standing for 20-30 minutes.
6. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating temperature in the fourth step is 530 ℃ to 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 7 hours.
7. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fifth step, the temperature of the melt is 750 ℃, the melt is cast after standing for 30Min, 1.2kg/T of a refiner ALTIB wire is added, a 40-mesh ceramic filter plate is used for filtering, and the temperature of the melt on a casting disc is 710 ℃, the diameter of a casting rod is 170mm, the speed is 130mm/Miin, and the casting length is 9 m.
8. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: and sixthly, adopting a horizontal forward extruder and matching with an online water cooling system, wherein the heating rod temperature of the extruder is 480 ℃, the die temperature is 500 ℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 390 ℃, and the extrusion speed and the discharge port temperature are 520-.
9. The production process method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy section for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step nine, performing primary aging heating at the temperature of 170 ℃, and preserving heat for 11 hours.
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Application publication date: 20201120 |