CN111958663A - Biological microtome and control method thereof - Google Patents
Biological microtome and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111958663A CN111958663A CN202010789245.2A CN202010789245A CN111958663A CN 111958663 A CN111958663 A CN 111958663A CN 202010789245 A CN202010789245 A CN 202010789245A CN 111958663 A CN111958663 A CN 111958663A
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- driving mechanism
- controller
- rotating shaft
- cutting
- rotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
- B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
- B26D1/26—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut
- B26D1/28—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut and rotating continuously in one direction during cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/547—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a wire-like cutting member
- B26D1/553—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a wire-like cutting member with a plurality of wire-like cutting members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D5/02—Means for moving the cutting member into its operative position for cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D5/08—Means for actuating the cutting member to effect the cut
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
- B26D7/10—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by heating
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological microtome, which comprises a fixing device for fixing a biological tissue paraffin block and a slicing device for slicing the biological tissue paraffin block; the fixing device is provided with a slice groove; the slicing device comprises a driving mechanism and a cutting knife table in transmission connection with a power output end of the driving mechanism, the cutting knife table is provided with a cutting part, and the driving mechanism drives the cutting part to move along the direction parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove and simultaneously rotate by taking a straight line parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove as an axis. The paraffin block cutting device can continuously cut paraffin blocks, and slices with required thickness can be cut through the matching of the rotating angular speed and the linear moving speed of the cutting part, and slices with required thickness can also be cut continuously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomedical equipment, in particular to a biological microtome and a control method thereof.
Background
Since the sixth and seventies of the last century, with the increase of the WHO types of human life diseases and the technological progress of the pathology department, researchers have been required to deeply study and analyze the cellular characteristics of the disease tissues, and for this reason, the biological tissues must be sliced, and most of them are sliced after hardening treatment such as freezing and the like, and then are observed and analyzed by a microscope, so that a biological tissue microtome dedicated for slicing the biological tissues is manufactured. In order to facilitate the study of biological tissues, it is necessary to embed the biological tissues in paraffin, and after they are solidified, they are sectioned in order and placed under a microscope for observation.
The manual biological tissue microtome has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and good slicing quality, but the progress of up-down slicing is controlled by a hand wheel during slicing, a chuck for clamping a tissue sample needs to return to an initial position for secondary cutting when finishing one-time cutting movement, therefore, the advancing and retreating running direction of the chuck needs to be controlled and changed, the distance for the chuck to retreat needs to be controlled at the moment, and the damage to the tissue sample caused by the fact that the chuck touches a cutter in the process of returning to the initial position is avoided; after the chuck moves to the initial position, the chuck needs to be controlled to feed forward for a certain distance to perform the next slicing.
The existing manual type biological tissue microtome usually needs an operator to manually control the chuck to move back and forth, or a stepping motor is controlled to control the guide rail seat connected with the chuck to move back and forth, so that the prior manual type biological tissue microtome is very troublesome, and can influence the slicing process to a certain extent and influence the slicing quality. Such as the bulletin number: CN 201069415, "a biological tissue microtome", in the slicing process, an operator needs to control a stepping motor through a controller, so as to control a chuck to move forward and backward, which is very troublesome and difficult for the operator to operate. And the announcement number: CN 101500767 "method and apparatus for cutting fresh tissue cutting process" is only applicable to cutting fresh tissue, and is not a manual microtome.
General biological tissue slicer for example patent number is CN201521107111, the patent name is a biological tissue slicer's patent, it passes through the objective table and connects the telescopic link, the angle through the telescopic adjustable objective table of telescopic link, more make things convenient for the completion of cutting work, knife rest angle adjustable, it is more convenient to make the use of slicer, cutter assembly is equipped with the cutter of a plurality of cutter adjustable, no longer need the cutting of a slice when the cutting, can once only downcut the multi-disc, make more accurate of cutting, the cutting bed advances or retreats by motor control, but accurate location, make the going on of section work ability more smoothly.
However, when the microtome is used, the microtome is all a reciprocating motion section, the section thickness is uneven, a thinner section cannot be obtained, and the thinner section also represents a better observation visual angle, so that the microtome has a very practical application value in some special researches.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art and provides the following technical scheme.
A biological microtome comprises a fixing device for fixing a paraffin block of biological tissue and a slicing device for slicing the paraffin block of biological tissue;
the fixing device is provided with a slice groove;
the slicing device comprises a driving mechanism and a cutting knife platform which is in transmission connection with a power output end of the driving mechanism, the cutting knife platform is provided with a cutting part, and the driving mechanism drives the cutting part to move at a constant speed along the direction parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove and rotate by taking a straight line parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove as an axis.
Specifically, the cutting tool post includes transmission connect in actuating mechanism's power take off end's pivot, cutter, and be used for the transmission to connect the pivot with the driving medium of cutter, the cutting portion specifically is the cutter, pivot length direction with the length direction in cutting groove is parallel, actuating mechanism drive the pivot is rotated in order to drive the cutter with the driving medium is followed pivot length direction removes, drives simultaneously the cutter with the parallel straight line of pivot length direction rotates as the axis.
Specifically, the rotating shaft is a lead screw, the transmission part comprises a first nut and a plurality of gears, the first nut and the rotating shaft are matched and in threaded sleeve connection with the rotating shaft, insections are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the first nut, the first periphery of the nut is meshed with the gears, one end of the cutter is fixed on one of the gears, and the other end of the cutter is used for cutting the biological tissue paraffin block; the gears are used for adjusting the ratio of the rotating speed of the rotating shaft to the rotating speed of the cutting part and the ratio of the moving speed of the rotating shaft to the moving speed of the cutting part.
Furthermore, the cutting part still includes annular sleeve and connecting rod, the cutter by the annular sleeve extends, the side of annular sleeve is followed the length direction's of pivot lateral wall connect in the one end of connecting rod, the other end of connecting rod to the tangential of pivot is buckled the back and is connected in one of them with on the gear of the outer wall meshing of first nut.
Further, the transmission piece further comprises a bearing and a second nut, wherein the bearing extends from the end, which is coaxial with the gear and is meshed with the outer wall of the first nut, of the gear, and the bearing is coaxial with the gear fitted by the first nut; the second nut is an annular mechanism, the inner side wall of the second nut is provided with threads and is in threaded connection with the rotating shaft, the outer side wall of the second nut is in rotational connection with the outer ring of the bearing, and the second nut is in fixed connection position with the bearing through an external sleeve after being rotationally connected.
Specifically, the cutting knife is a silk thread, the slicing device further comprises a heating mechanism for heating the cutting knife, and the cutting knife slices the biological tissue paraffin block after being heated;
fixing device is including a fixed section of thick bamboo, the inside cavity of a fixed section of thick bamboo is in order to form the section of thick bamboo groove, two lateral wall openings in section of thick bamboo, a fixed section of thick bamboo still include sliding connection in cover plate on the opening, the inner wall shape of cover plate with the shape of paraffin piece suits.
Optionally, actuating mechanism is including rotating actuating mechanism and removing actuating mechanism, the inside cavity of pivot, the power take off end who rotates actuating mechanism inserts inside the pivot and with pivot keyway fit formula is connected, the one end of pivot still connect in remove actuating mechanism's power take off end is last, the cutting part is fixed in the pivot is corresponding to the position in slice groove.
Optionally, the biological microtome further includes a controller, and the controller is in communication connection with the driving mechanism to control the cutting part to move along a direction parallel to the length direction of the slice groove and to rotate around a straight line parallel to the length direction of the slice groove.
A method of controlling the bio-slicer, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring the position of the slice slot;
s2, the driving mechanism drives the cutting part to move to one end of the slicing groove;
s3, the controller sends a first control instruction to the driving mechanism to control the rotating speed and the moving speed of the rotating shaft;
and S4, driving the rotating shaft to move by the driving mechanism so as to drive the cutting part to cut.
The step S2 specifically includes: transmitting the acquired position information to the controller, sending a cutting part return instruction after the controller judges, driving the cutting part to move to one end of the paraffin block or the movement starting position of the cutting part by the driving mechanism, and simultaneously feeding back a signal to the controller; or the following steps: the obtained position information is transmitted to the controller, the controller sends out a cutting part return instruction after judgment, the driving mechanism drives the cutting part to move to one end of the paraffin block or the movement starting position of the cutting part and simultaneously feeds back a signal to the controller, the controller generates a second instruction to the heating mechanism, and the heating mechanism feeds back a signal to the controller after emitting infrared pulse light.
Specifically, the first control command includes a first rotation speed control command and a first movement speed control command. The step S3 specifically includes: after the controller acquires a feedback signal sent by the driving mechanism, the controller sends a first rotating speed control instruction to the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate for a preset rotating time and feeds back a rotating time signal to the controller, the controller receives the rotating time signal and sends a first rotating stop instruction to the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating shaft and is controlled to stop rotating and feeds back a rotating stop signal to the controller; or the following steps: the controller acquires behind the feedback signal that actuating mechanism sent, the controller sends first rotation speed control command extremely rotate actuating mechanism, rotate actuating mechanism drive the pivot rotates behind the predetermined rotation time to feedback rotation time signal extremely the controller, after the controller accepts the back rotate actuating mechanism and send first rotation stop command, rotate actuating mechanism and accept back control pivot stall to feedback rotation stop signal extremely the controller.
The step S4 specifically includes: the controller receives a feedback rotation stop signal and then sends a first moving speed control instruction to the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism receives the feedback rotation stop signal and then controls the rotating shaft to move for preset moving time, and feeds a moving time signal back to the controller, the controller receives the step of the back circulation S3-S4, and the step of the back circulation is repeated until the distance information of the cutting part moving along the length direction of the slicing groove is equal to or larger than the standard distance information, and then the paraffin block is cut; or the following steps: the controller receives a feedback rotation stop signal and then sends a first movement speed control instruction to the movement driving mechanism, the movement driving mechanism receives the back control, the rotating shaft moves for a preset movement time and then feeds back a movement time signal to the controller, the controller receives the step of the back circulation S3-S4, and the step is circulated until the cutting part finishes the cutting of the paraffin blocks when the distance information moving along the length direction of the slicing groove is equal to or larger than the standard distance information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the biological microtome, the cutting knife platform and the biological tissue paraffin block are placed in parallel, the biological tissue paraffin block is cut in a mode of driving the cutting part to rotate, and meanwhile the cutting part is driven by the driving mechanism to move at a constant speed along the length direction of the slicing groove. So, can carry out the continuous cutting to the paraffin piece, and through the cooperation of cutting part rotational angle speed and rectilinear movement speed, can cut out needs thickness section, can also cut out the section that needs the thinness in succession.
2. According to the control method of the biological slicer, the controller is arranged, the rotation angular speed and the linear moving speed of the cutting part are digitally controlled, the thickness of the slice and the continuous cutting speed can be accurately controlled, namely the thickness of the slice can be accurately controlled, and the requirement of thinner slices is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a bio-microtome according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view at a of fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an alternative perspective view at a of fig. 1 provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an alternative perspective view at a of fig. 1 provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an alternative bio-microtome provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an alternative bio-microtome provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an alternative bio-microtome provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a paraffin block and a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an alternative method of controlling a bio-slicer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an alternative method of controlling a bio-slicer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an alternative method of controlling a bio-slicer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 illustrates an alternative method of controlling a bio-slicer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
1 fixing device, 10 fixing cylinder, 100 slicing groove, 1000 opening, 101 cover plate, 102 fixing part, 103 connecting nut, 104 piece-bearing cavity,
2 slicing device, 20 driving mechanism, 200 rotation driving mechanism, 201 movement driving mechanism, 21 cutting knife platform, 210 cutting part, 2100 ring sleeve, 2101 cutting knife, 2102 connecting rod, 211 rotating shaft, 212 transmission piece, 2120 first nut, 2121 gear, 2122 bearing, 2123 second nut, 22 heating mechanism, 2 cutting knife, 200 rotation driving mechanism, 201 movement driving mechanism, 21 cutting knife platform, 210 cutting part, 2100 ring sleeve, 2101 cutting knife, 2102 connecting rod, 211 rotating shaft, 212 transmission piece, 2120 first nut,
and 3, a controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Biological slicer
The invention provides a biological microtome, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a fixing device 1 for fixing a biological tissue paraffin block 4, and a slicing device 2 for slicing the biological tissue paraffin block 4;
the fixture 1 is formed with a chip groove 100;
the slicing device 2 comprises a driving mechanism 20 and a cutting knife table 21 in transmission connection with a power output end of the driving mechanism 20, wherein the cutting knife table 21 is provided with a cutting part 210, and the driving mechanism 20 drives the cutting part 210 to move along a direction parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove 100 and simultaneously rotate by taking a straight line parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove 100 as an axis.
According to the biological microtome, the cutting knife platform is arranged in parallel with the biological tissue paraffin block 4, the biological tissue paraffin block 4 is cut in a mode of driving the cutting part to rotate, and meanwhile the cutting part is driven by the driving mechanism to move at a constant speed along the length direction of the slicing groove. So, can carry out the continuous cutting to paraffin piece 4, and through the cooperation of cutting part rotational angle speed and rectilinear movement speed, can cut out needs thickness section, can also cut out the section that needs the thinness in succession.
Specifically, the cutting knife rest 21 includes a rotating shaft 211 connected to the power output end of the driving mechanism 20 in a transmission manner, the cutting part 210 is connected to the rotating shaft 211 in a transmission manner, the length direction of the rotating shaft 211 is parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove 100, the driving mechanism 20 drives the rotating shaft 211 to rotate so as to drive the cutting part 210 to move along the length direction of the rotating shaft 211, and meanwhile, the cutting part 210 is driven to rotate by taking the parallel straight line of the length direction of the rotating shaft 211 as an axis. Specifically, the distance between the rotating shaft 211 and the slicing groove 100 should satisfy that the extending portion of the cutting portion 210 can completely cut the paraffin block 4, or the length of the cutting portion 210 should satisfy the requirement, so as to ensure that the cutting portion 210 can be completely cut into slices after being rotated to be in contact with the paraffin block 4 every time.
Specifically, the cutting knife rest 2 further includes a cutting knife and a transmission member 212 for driving and connecting the rotating shaft 211 and the cutting knife, in this embodiment, the cutting portion 210 is the cutting knife, the driving mechanism 20 drives the rotating shaft 211 to rotate so as to drive the cutting knife and the transmission member 212 to move along the length direction of the rotating shaft 211, and simultaneously drives the cutting knife to rotate by using the parallel straight line of the length direction of the rotating shaft 211 as the axis. Specifically, the thickness of the cutter is adjustable to cut the paraffin block 4 rapidly when the cutter cuts the paraffin block, and resistance is reduced. In addition, the hardness of the cutter should meet the requirements, and generally, the stainless steel cutter has better effect.
In the above embodiment, the rotating shaft 211 is a screw rod, the transmission member 212 includes a first nut 2120 and a plurality of gears 2121, the first nut 2120 is screwed on the rotating shaft 211 in cooperation with the rotating shaft 211, the outer peripheral wall of the first nut 2120 is formed with insections, the outer periphery of the first nut 2120 is engaged with the gears 2121, one end of the cutter is fixed on one of the gears 2121, and the other end of the cutter is used for cutting the paraffin block 4 of the biological tissue. Thus, the rotating shaft 211 rotates to drive the first nut 2120 to rotate, and the first nut 2120 rotates to drive the gears 2121 to rotate, so that the cutting part 210 is driven to rotate by the transmission of the gears 2121; meanwhile, since the rotating shaft 211 is a screw rod, the rotation of the rotating shaft 211 can also drive the first nut 2120 to move along the length direction of the rotating shaft 211, so as to drive the cutting part 210 to move along the length direction of the rotating shaft 211, thereby realizing the rotation and movement of the cutting part 210. In further embodiments, the plurality of gears 2121 can adjust the ratio of the rotation speed and the moving speed of the rotating shaft 211 to the rotation speed and the moving speed of the cutting unit 210, respectively, so as to control the thickness of the slice cut by the cutting unit 210. In further embodiments, the transmission member 212 may be driven by a sprocket wheel, a reducer control, or other engagement means to adjust the speed ratio of the rotating shaft 211 to the cutting portion 210.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the cutting portion 210 includes an annular sleeve 2100, a cutter 2101 extended from the annular sleeve 2100, and a connecting rod 2102 for connecting the annular sleeve 2100 to the gear 2121. Specifically, the side wall of the side of the annular sleeve 2100 along the length direction of the rotating shaft 211 is connected to one end of the connecting rod 2102, and the other end of the connecting rod 2102 is bent toward the tangential direction of the rotating shaft 211 and then connected to one of the gears 2121 engaged with the outer wall of the first nut 2120. Specifically, the transmission member 212 further includes a bearing 2122 extending from a coaxial end of the gear 2121, and a second nut 2123 threadedly engaged with the rotating shaft 211, wherein the bearing 2122 is coaxial with the gear 2121 engaged with the first nut 2120. The second nut 2123 is of an annular structure, an inner side wall of the second nut 2123 is provided with threads and is in threaded connection with the rotating shaft 211, an outer side wall of the second nut 2123 is in rotational connection with an outer ring of the bearing 2122, and meanwhile, the second nut 2123 and the bearing 2122 are connected and then fixed in a connection position through an external sleeve. Thus, the second nut 2123 can rotate synchronously with the first nut 2120 and move along the length direction of the rotating shaft 211, and drives the bearing 2122 to move, and the gear 2121 engaged with the first nut 2120 can be fixed on the inner ring of the bearing 2122. More preferably, a second nut 2123 and a bearing 2122 are provided at both ends of the axis of the gear 2121 engaged with the first nut 2120, so that the gear 2121 engaged with the first nut 2120 is connected to the rotating shaft 211 more firmly.
Thus, when the rotating shaft 211 rotates to drive the first nut 2120 to rotate and drive the first nut 2120 to move along the length direction of the rotating shaft 211, the rotating shaft 211 also drives the gear 2121 to move along the circumferential direction of the first nut 2120, and since the gear 2121 is connected with the annular sleeve 2100 through the connecting rod 2102, the gear 2121 and the annular sleeve 2100 are coaxial and drive the annular sleeve 2100 to move along the circumferential direction of the first nut 2120, so as to drive the fan-shaped cutter 2101 to rotate eccentrically along the axis of the rotating shaft 211 to perform cutting. Since the gear 2121 engaged with the first nut 2120 has a smaller diameter than the first nut 2120, the rotational speed of the gear 2121 is greater than that of the rotational shaft 211, and thus the rotational speed of the cutting blade 2101 is equal to that of the rotational shaft 211, thereby amplifying the cutting speed of the cutting blade 2101. More preferably, the gear 2121 can be provided in multiple sets, to achieve further speed amplification.
In a more specific embodiment, the cutter 2101 is a fan cutter or a ring cutter. In the embodiment of the fan-shaped cutter, the length of the fan-shaped cutter in the circumferential direction meets the requirement of cutting the paraffin block 4 completely, namely, the length of the fan-shaped cutter extending in the circumferential direction can be inserted into the paraffin block 4. In the embodiment of the annular cutter, a plurality of notches are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the annular cutter, and each notch is deviated from the paraffin block 4, so that the cutter is free from blocking in the process of moving towards the length direction of the paraffin block 4.
In order to reduce the influence of the width of the cutting portion 210 on the flatness of the slices, in a more specific embodiment, the cutting portion is a wire, the slicing apparatus 2 further includes a heating mechanism 22 for heating the cutting blade, and the cutting blade slices the biological tissue paraffin block 4 after being heated. In this way, the heated wire can melt the paraffin quickly to facilitate its cutting, while it can quickly pass through the paraffin block 4 to reduce the effect on the flatness of the slices. As shown in fig. 5, the heating mechanism 22 is an infrared ray heating device, which emits infrared pulse rays to the filament to heat the filament, and the path of the infrared pulse rays is parallel to the length direction of the rotating shaft 211, and is perpendicular to the cutting portion 210, and the filament is heated when rotating into the infrared pulse rays.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the driving mechanism 20 includes a rotating driving mechanism 200 and a moving driving mechanism 201, the rotating shaft 211 is hollow, a power output shaft of the rotating driving mechanism 200 is inserted into the rotating shaft 211 and is connected with the rotating shaft 211 in a key way fit manner, one end of the rotating shaft 211 is further connected to a power output end of the moving driving mechanism 201, and the cutting part 210 is fixed to a portion of the rotating shaft 211 corresponding to the slicing groove 100. Thus, the rotation driving mechanism 200 can drive the rotation shaft 211 to rotate through the key slot matching, and meanwhile, the rotation shaft 211 is also matched with the output shaft key slot of the rotation driving mechanism 200, so that the rotation shaft 211 and the output shaft of the rotation driving mechanism 200 can be displaced along the length directions of the rotation shaft 211 and the output shaft; when the output shaft of the rotation driving mechanism 200 does not displace, the rotation shaft 211 can be driven to displace relative to the output shaft of the rotation driving mechanism 200 by moving the driving mechanism 201, so that the purpose that the rotation shaft 211 can displace and rotate is achieved. Specifically, the rotating shaft 211 and the output shaft of the rotation driving mechanism 200 can be displaced by a relative length, so that the cutting part 210 fixed to the rotating shaft 211 can cut the paraffin block 4 in the slicing groove 100. Specifically, in order to fix the rotating shaft 211 to the output end of the movement driving mechanism 201, the rotating shaft 211 and the output end of the movement driving mechanism 201 are connected by a bearing.
In order to precisely control the movement of the rotating shaft 211 and the cutting part 210 driven by the driving mechanism 20, the present invention further comprises a controller 3, wherein the controller 3 is communicatively connected to the driving mechanism 20 to control the movement of the cutting part 210 along the direction parallel to the length direction of the slicing slot 100 and simultaneously rotate along the line parallel to the length direction of the slicing slot 100.
In the embodiment where the rotating shaft 211 is a screw rod and the cutting part 210 is a cutter, the driving mechanism 20 is only a numerical control motor, which can precisely control the rotating speed of the screw rod and can also precisely and instantly control the start or stop of the screw rod.
Correspondingly, in the embodiment where the driving mechanism 20 includes the rotation driving mechanism 200 and the movement driving mechanism 201, the rotation driving mechanism 200 is a numerical control motor, and the movement driving mechanism 201 may be a numerical control linear motor, an air cylinder or an oil cylinder. The rotating mechanism 200 controls the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 211 through digital signals, and the moving driving mechanism 201 controls the moving distance of the rotating shaft 211 through digital signals.
In order to fix the paraffin block 4 in the slicing groove 100 and transfer the sliced slices, in further embodiments, the fixing device 1 comprises a fixing cylinder 10, the fixing cylinder 10 is hollow inside to form the slicing groove 100, two side wall openings 1000 of the slicing groove 100, the fixing cylinder 10 comprises a cover plate 101 slidably connected to the openings 1000, and the shape of the inner wall of the cover plate 101 is adapted to the shape of the paraffin block 4. The fixing cylinder 10 is formed with a fixing portion 102 protruding from an inner wall between two cover sheets 101. In use, one cover plate 101 is slid to open one opening 1000, the paraffin block 4 is put into the slicing tank 100 while one end of the paraffin block 4 is fixed to the fixing portion 102, and when the cutting portion 210 starts cutting from one end thereof in the length direction of the slicing tank 100, the other end of the paraffin block 4 is fixed to the fixing portion 102. Specifically, the fixing portion 102 may be a mechanism such as a chuck or a clamping plate, which is inserted into the bottom of the paraffin block 4 in a protruding manner. Specifically, when the cutting part 210 moves along the length direction of the slice groove 100 for cutting, the cover plate 101 slidably connected to the opening extending from the cutting part 210 to one side of the slice groove 100 also moves along the length direction of the slice groove 100 along with the movement, so as to open the opening for cutting. In the above different embodiments, the end of the corresponding cover sheet 101 extending out of the cutting slot 100 is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft 211 (screw) or the moving driving mechanism 201 to realize the synchronous movement of the cover sheet 101 and the cutting part 210. As shown in fig. 7, the fixing cylinder 10 further includes a coupling nut 103, one end of the cover plate 101 located below extends out of the slice groove 100 and is bent to rotate the coupling nut 103, and the coupling nut 103 has the same screw structure as the first nut 2120 and is screwed onto one end of the rotating shaft 211 extending out of the slice groove 100. When the rotating shaft 211 rotates, the first nut 2120 is driven to rotate and move, meanwhile, the connecting nut 103 is connected to one end, located outside the slicing groove 100, of the cover plate 101 in a rotating mode through a bearing, and the cover plate 101 is also driven to slide outside the slicing groove 100, so that one end, close to the cutter 2101, of the paraffin block 4 on the cover plate 101 continuously leaks, and cutting by the cutter 2101 is facilitated. Preferably, as shown in fig. 8, the end of the paraffin block 4 is fixed to the fixing part 102, the sidewall of the paraffin block 4 can be made into a groove structure, and the cover plate 101 below the paraffin block can also have a groove structure, and the two are matched, so that the paraffin block 4 can be fixed along the circumferential direction, and the paraffin block 4 is prevented from rotating and is not beneficial to uniform cutting when the cutter 2101 rotates to cut.
In a further embodiment, a sheet holding cavity 104 is formed in an opening of the fixed cylinder 10 opposite to the side where the cutting part 210 extends, cleaning liquid is contained in the sheet holding cavity 104, the sheet holding cavity 104 is communicated with the sheet cutting groove 100 through an opening, and the cover sheet 101 slidably connected to the opening is also in transmission connection with the rotating shaft 211 (screw) or the moving driving mechanism 201 so as to move synchronously with the cutting part 210. Specifically, the slice slot 100 is horizontally disposed, and the cut slices naturally fall into the slice receiving cavity 104 through the opening to store the slices.
In further embodiments, the bio-slicer provided by the present invention further comprises a staining mechanism, wherein the staining mechanism comprises a staining tray and a flowing mechanism, the staining tray holds a slide glass for fixing the paraffin section and staining the paraffin section, and the flowing mechanism decolors, cleans, and dries the paraffin section and fixes the paraffin section.
Control method of biological microtome
To this end, the present invention provides a control method of a bio-slicer, as shown in fig. 9, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring the position information of the paraffin block projected by the cutting part in the slicing groove;
s2, driving the cutting part to move to one end of the paraffin block by the driving mechanism;
and S3, the controller sends a first control command to the driving mechanism to control the rotation speed and the moving speed of the rotating shaft.
S4, the driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to move so as to drive the cutting part to cut.
According to the control method of the biological slicer, the controller is arranged, the rotation angular speed and the linear moving speed of the cutting part are digitally controlled, the thickness of the slice and the continuous cutting speed can be accurately controlled, namely the thickness of the slice can be accurately controlled, and the requirement of thinner slices is met.
In a specific embodiment, the step S1 is to acquire the position information of the paraffin block 4 projected by the cutting part in the slicing tank 100, that is, the position of the paraffin block 4 in the slicing tank 100, and the position information may be acquired by manual acquisition, an infrared camera sensor or a camera sensor. By fixing the moving start position of the cutting unit 210, after the whole cutting operation for one paraffin block 4 is completed, the controller 3 sends a return command to the driving mechanism 20, and the driving mechanism 20 drives the cutting unit to return to the start position, which is the same as the operation sequence of step S2. Specifically, the return instruction includes standard distance information that the cutting portion moves along the length direction of the slice slot and a return instruction of the cutting portion 210, when the distance information that the cutting portion 210 moves along the length direction of the slice slot is equal to or greater than the standard distance information, the driving mechanism 20 feeds back information to the controller 3, and the controller 3 sends out the return instruction of the cutting portion to the driving mechanism 20 after logic judgment, so as to control the cutting portion 210 to move the start position.
In a specific embodiment, in step S3, the controller sends a first control command to the driving mechanism to control the rotation speed and the moving speed of the rotating shaft. The first control command includes a first rotation speed control command and a first movement speed control command. Specifically, the first rotation speed control command and the first movement speed control command have time sequence, and the first rotation speed control command and the first movement speed control command do not occur in parallel, namely, the rotation and the movement of the rotating shaft do not occur in parallel. In a more specific embodiment, the controller is provided with an open control program, the required rotating speed and moving speed can be input through the program, and a required first rotating speed command and a required first moving speed control command are correspondingly formed, so that the rotating speed and the moving speed of the rotating shaft can be controlled and adjusted.
In an alternative embodiment, in the embodiment that the rotating shaft 211 is a screw rod and the cutting part 210 is a cutter, the driving mechanism is a numerical control motor, which can precisely control the rotating speed of the screw rod and can also precisely and instantly control the start or stop of the screw rod. The control method for a bio-slicer, as shown in fig. 10, includes the steps of:
s1, acquiring the position information of the cutting part 210 projected on the paraffin block 4; acquiring through a manual acquisition and an infrared camera sensor or a camera sensor;
s2, transmitting the acquired position information to the controller 3, the controller 3 sending a command to return the cutting unit 210 after determining, the driving mechanism 20 driving the cutting unit 210 to move to one end of the paraffin block 4 or the start position of the cutting unit 210, and simultaneously feeding back a signal to the controller 3;
s3, after the controller 3 obtains the feedback signal sent by the driving mechanism 20, the controller 3 sends a first rotation speed control instruction to the driving mechanism 20, after the driving mechanism 20 drives the rotating shaft to rotate for a preset rotation time, and feeds back a rotation time signal to the controller 3, the controller 3 receives the first rotation stop instruction sent to the driving mechanism 20, the driving mechanism 20 receives the control signal to stop rotating the rotating shaft 211, and feeds back a rotation stop signal to the controller 3;
s4, the controller 3 sends a first moving speed control command to the driving mechanism 20 after receiving the feedback rotation stop signal, the driving mechanism 20 receives the preset moving time of the control rotating shaft 211 after receiving the movement, and feeds back a moving time signal to the controller 3, the controller receives the step of the back loop S3-S4, and the step is circulated until the distance information of the cutting part 210 moving along the length direction of the slicing groove is equal to or greater than the standard distance information, and the cutting of the paraffin block 4 is completed (for example, the distance information of the cutting part along the length direction of the paraffin block 4 is obtained by obtaining the position of the cutting part projected on the paraffin block 4).
In an alternative embodiment, in an embodiment where the driving mechanism 20 includes the rotary driving mechanism 200 and the moving driving mechanism 201, a power output shaft of the rotary driving mechanism 200 is inserted into the rotating shaft 211 and is connected with the rotating shaft 211 in a spline fitting manner, one end of the rotating shaft 211 is further connected to a power output end of the moving driving mechanism 201, and the cutting portion 210 is fixed to a portion of the rotating shaft 211 corresponding to the slice groove 100. The control method for a bio-slicer, as shown in fig. 11, includes the steps of:
s1, acquiring the position information of the cutting part 210 projected on the paraffin block 4; acquiring through a manual acquisition and an infrared camera sensor or a camera sensor;
s2, transmitting the acquired position information to the controller 3, the controller 3 sending a command to return the cutting unit 210 after determining, the driving mechanism 20 driving the cutting unit 210 to move to one end of the paraffin block 4 or the start position of the cutting unit 210, and simultaneously feeding back a signal to the controller 3;
s3, after the controller 3 obtains the feedback signal sent by the driving mechanism 20, the controller 3 sends a first rotation speed control instruction to the rotation driving mechanism 200, after the rotation driving mechanism 200 drives the rotation shaft 211 to rotate for a preset rotation time, and feeds back a rotation time signal to the controller 3, the controller 3 receives the first rotation stop instruction to the rotation driving mechanism 200, the rotation driving mechanism 200 receives the control of stopping the rotation of the rotation shaft 211, and feeds back the rotation stop signal to the controller 3;
s4, the controller 3 sends a first moving speed control command to move the driving mechanism 201 after receiving the feedback rotation stop signal, the moving driving mechanism 201 receives the preset moving time of the control rotating shaft 211 and feeds back a moving time signal to the controller 3, the controller 3 receives the step of the following loop S3-S4, and the steps are circulated in this way until the distance information of the cutting part 210 moving along the length direction of the slicing groove is equal to or greater than the standard distance information, and the paraffin block 4 is cut (for example, the distance information of the cutting part along the length direction of the paraffin block 4 is obtained by obtaining the position of the cutting part projected on the paraffin block 4).
In an alternative embodiment, corresponding to the cutting portion 210 being a wire, the slicing apparatus 2 further includes a heating mechanism 22 for heating the cutting blade, and the cutting blade is heated to slice the biological tissue paraffin block 4. Specifically, the heating mechanism 22 may be an infrared heating device that emits infrared pulse light to the filament to heat the filament, and the path of the infrared pulse light is parallel to the length direction of the rotating shaft 211 and perpendicular to the cutting portion 210, so that the filament is heated when rotating into the infrared pulse light. The control method for a bio-slicer, as shown in fig. 12, includes the steps of:
s1, acquiring the position information of the cutting part 210 projected on the paraffin block 4; acquiring through a manual acquisition and an infrared camera sensor or a camera sensor;
s2, transmitting the acquired position information to the controller 3, sending a cutting part 210 return instruction by the controller 3 after judgment, driving the cutting part 210 to move to one end of the paraffin block 4 or the movement starting position of the cutting part 210 by the driving mechanism 20, simultaneously feeding back a signal to the controller 3, generating a second instruction by the controller 3 to the heating mechanism 22, and feeding back a signal to the controller 3 after the heating mechanism 22 emits infrared pulse light;
s3, after the controller 3 obtains the feedback signal sent by the heating mechanism 3, the controller 3 sends a first rotation speed control instruction to the driving mechanism 20, after the driving mechanism 20 drives the rotating shaft to rotate for a preset rotation time, and feeds back a rotation time signal to the controller 3, the controller 3 receives the first rotation stop instruction sent to the driving mechanism 20, the driving mechanism 20 receives the control signal to stop rotating the rotating shaft 211, and feeds back a rotation stop signal to the controller 3;
s4, the controller 3 sends a first moving speed control command to the driving mechanism 20 after receiving the feedback rotation stop signal, the driving mechanism 20 receives the preset moving time of the control rotating shaft 211 after receiving the movement, and feeds back a moving time signal to the controller 3, the controller receives the step of the back loop S3-S4, and the step is circulated until the distance information of the cutting part 210 moving along the length direction of the slicing groove is equal to or greater than the standard distance information, and the cutting of the paraffin block 4 is completed (for example, the distance information of the cutting part along the length direction of the paraffin block 4 is obtained by obtaining the position of the cutting part projected on the paraffin block 4).
In summary, the cutting knife rest is placed in parallel with the biological tissue paraffin block 4, the biological tissue paraffin block 4 is cut by driving the cutting portion to rotate, and the cutting portion is driven by the driving mechanism to move at a constant speed along the length direction of the slicing groove. So, can carry out the continuous cutting to paraffin piece 4, and through the cooperation of cutting part rotational angle speed and rectilinear movement speed, can cut out needs thickness section, can also cut out the section that needs the thinness in succession.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The biological microtome is characterized by comprising a fixing device for fixing a biological tissue paraffin block and a slicing device for slicing the biological tissue paraffin block;
the fixing device is provided with a slice groove;
the slicing device comprises a driving mechanism and a cutting knife platform which is in transmission connection with a power output end of the driving mechanism, the cutting knife platform is provided with a cutting part, and the driving mechanism drives the cutting part to move along the direction parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove and simultaneously rotate by taking a straight line parallel to the length direction of the slicing groove as an axis.
2. The bio-slicer according to claim 1, wherein the cutting platform comprises a rotating shaft drivingly connected to a power output end of the driving mechanism, a cutting blade, and a driving member drivingly connecting the rotating shaft and the cutting blade, the cutting portion is the cutting blade, a length direction of the rotating shaft is parallel to a length direction of the slicing groove, and the driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate so as to drive the cutting blade and the driving member to move along the length direction of the rotating shaft, and simultaneously drive the cutting blade to rotate with a straight line parallel to the length direction of the rotating shaft as an axis.
3. The biological microtome according to claim 2, wherein the rotating shaft is a lead screw, the transmission member comprises a first nut and a plurality of gears, the first nut and the rotating shaft are sleeved on the rotating shaft in a matching manner, insections are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the first nut, the first periphery of the nut is meshed with the gears, one end of the cutter is fixed on one of the gears, and the other end of the cutter is used for cutting the paraffin block of the biological tissue; the gears are used for adjusting the ratio of the rotating speed of the rotating shaft to the rotating speed of the cutting part and the ratio of the moving speed of the rotating shaft to the moving speed of the cutting part.
4. The bio-slicer according to claim 3, wherein the cutting portion comprises an annular sleeve and a connecting rod, the cutter extends from the annular sleeve, a side wall of a side of the annular sleeve along a length direction of the rotating shaft is connected to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is bent toward a tangential direction of the rotating shaft and then connected to one of the gears engaged with the outer wall of the first nut.
5. The biological microtome of claim 4, wherein said drive member further includes a bearing extending from a distal end coaxial with a gear engaged with an outer wall of said first nut, and a second nut, said bearing coaxial with said gear fitted to said first nut;
the second nut is an annular mechanism, the inner side wall of the second nut is provided with threads and is in threaded connection with the rotating shaft, the outer side wall of the second nut is in rotational connection with the outer ring of the bearing, and the second nut is in fixed connection position with the bearing through an external sleeve after being rotationally connected.
6. The bio-slicer of claim 3, wherein the cutting blade is a wire, the slicing apparatus further comprises a heating mechanism for heating the cutting blade, and the cutting blade is heated to slice the paraffin block of the biological tissue;
fixing device is including a fixed section of thick bamboo, the inside cavity of a fixed section of thick bamboo is in order to form the section of thick bamboo groove, two lateral wall openings in section of thick bamboo, a fixed section of thick bamboo still include sliding connection in cover plate on the opening, the inner wall shape of cover plate with the shape of paraffin piece suits.
7. The bio-slicer as claimed in claim 2, wherein said driving mechanism comprises a rotation driving mechanism and a movement driving mechanism, said rotation shaft is hollow, said power output end of said rotation driving mechanism is inserted into said rotation shaft and connected with said rotation shaft key slot, one end of said rotation shaft is further connected with said power output end of said movement driving mechanism, and said cutting portion is fixed on the portion of said rotation shaft corresponding to said slice slot.
8. The biological microtome according to any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a controller communicatively connected to the drive mechanism to control the cutting portion to move in a direction parallel to the length direction of the slice slot while rotating about a line parallel to the length direction of the slice slot.
9. A method of controlling a microtome according to any one of claims 1-8, including the steps of:
s1, acquiring the position information of the slice slot projected on the paraffin block;
s2, driving the cutting part to move to one end of the paraffin block by the driving mechanism;
s3, the controller sends a first control instruction to the driving mechanism to control the rotating speed and the moving speed of the rotating shaft;
and S4, driving the rotating shaft to move by the driving mechanism so as to drive the cutting part to cut.
10. The control method according to claim 9,
the step S2 specifically includes: transmitting the acquired position information to the controller, sending a cutting part return instruction after the controller judges, driving the cutting part to move to one end of the paraffin block or the movement starting position of the cutting part by the driving mechanism, and simultaneously feeding back a signal to the controller; or the following steps: transmitting the acquired position information to the controller, sending a cutting part return instruction after the controller judges, driving the cutting part to move to one end of the paraffin block or the movement starting position of the cutting part by the driving mechanism, simultaneously feeding back a signal to the controller, generating a second instruction by the controller to the heating mechanism, and feeding back a signal to the controller after the heating mechanism emits infrared pulse light;
the first control command comprises a first rotating speed control command and a first moving speed control command;
the step S3 specifically includes: after the controller acquires a feedback signal sent by the driving mechanism, the controller sends a first rotating speed control instruction to the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate for a preset rotating time and feeds back a rotating time signal to the controller, the controller receives the rotating time signal and sends a first rotating stop instruction to the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating shaft and is controlled to stop rotating and feeds back a rotating stop signal to the controller; or the following steps: after the controller acquires a feedback signal sent by the driving mechanism, the controller sends a first rotation speed control instruction to the rotation driving mechanism, the rotation driving mechanism drives the rotating shaft to rotate for a preset rotation time and feeds back a rotation time signal to the controller, the controller receives the first rotation stop instruction and then sends a first rotation stop instruction to the rotation driving mechanism, and the rotation driving mechanism receives the first rotation stop instruction and then controls the rotating shaft to stop rotating and feeds back a rotation stop signal to the controller;
the step S4 specifically includes: the controller receives a feedback rotation stop signal and then sends a first moving speed control instruction to the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism receives the feedback rotation stop signal and then controls the rotating shaft to move for preset moving time, and feeds a moving time signal back to the controller, the controller receives the step of the back circulation S3-S4, and the step of the back circulation is repeated until the distance information of the cutting part moving along the length direction of the slicing groove is equal to or larger than the standard distance information, and then the paraffin block is cut; or the following steps: the controller receives a feedback rotation stop signal and then sends a first movement speed control instruction to the movement driving mechanism, the movement driving mechanism receives the back control, the rotating shaft moves for a preset movement time and then feeds back a movement time signal to the controller, the controller receives the step of the back circulation S3-S4, and the step is circulated until the cutting part finishes the cutting of the paraffin blocks when the distance information moving along the length direction of the slicing groove is equal to or larger than the standard distance information.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010789245.2A CN111958663A (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | Biological microtome and control method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010789245.2A CN111958663A (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | Biological microtome and control method thereof |
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| CN111958663A true CN111958663A (en) | 2020-11-20 |
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| CN114734497A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-12 | 四川大学华西医院 | Biological tissue slicer |
| CN115256510A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-11-01 | 张家港市绿色中药饮片有限公司 | Method and system for improving slicing control precision of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces |
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