CN111950178A - Gear automatic loading method based on HyperWorks software - Google Patents
Gear automatic loading method based on HyperWorks software Download PDFInfo
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- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and particularly relates to a gear automatic loading method based on HyperWorks software. The loading method comprises the following steps: step one, establishing a finite element model for assembling a gear shaft assembly; step two, automatically creating gear meshing points; automatically creating a local cylindrical coordinate system; automatically creating a meshing point-tooth surface part node connecting unit; step five, automatically applying load; step six, submitting calculation: and exporting the calculation file and submitting the calculation. The invention has the advantages of standardized operation process, standardized calculation method, rapid gear loading, realization of finite element analysis of the fatigue life of the gear shaft, contribution to reducing result errors caused by human factors, improvement of simulation precision, shortening of research and development period and reduction of research and development cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobiles, and particularly relates to a gear automatic loading method based on HyperWorks software.
Background
When finite element analysis is carried out on the fatigue life of the gear shaft in engineering, sequential loading is required at a plurality of meshing points of the gear so as to obtain the stress cycle history in the rotation process of the gear shaft. In order to ensure the continuity and the accuracy of the stress of the gear shaft in the rotation process, the number of meshing points in one rotation of each gear is generally not less than 36, and the number of meshing points on 1 gear shaft is generally not less than 4, so that when the simulation analysis is carried out on 1 gear shaft, not less than 144 connecting units are required to be established. The existing gear loading mode is generally that gear meshing points are manually established, meshing point-tooth surface connecting units are manually established, and loads are manually applied, the operation process is complicated and repeated, a large amount of time is consumed, errors are easy to occur, and along with the increase of the number of gears and the number of meshing points, the complexity degree and the time cost of finite element modeling are multiplied. The manual gear loading method has the following disadvantages:
1) when manually creating gear mesh points, 1 mesh point needs to be determined, and then the gear mesh points are rotated 35 times along the axis to obtain 36 mesh points. At least 140 manual operations are needed for establishing all gear meshing points of 1 gear shaft;
2) when the meshing point-tooth surface RBE3 connecting unit is manually created, 1 gear meshing point is selected as a slave point, and then all unit nodes on 2 adjacent tooth surfaces are selected as main points to establish 1 RBE3 connecting unit. The operation is carried out 720 times, all RBE3 connecting units of all gears on the gear shaft can be established;
3) when a load is manually applied, the component forces of the gear in three directions need to be manually calculated, and the gear loading can be completed only by operating for at least 288 times;
therefore, there is a need to find a more convenient gear loading method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gear automatic loading method based on HyperWorks software, which has the advantages of standardizing the operation process, standardizing the calculation method, and quickly loading gears to realize the purpose of finite element analysis of the fatigue life of a gear shaft, is beneficial to reducing result errors caused by human factors, improving simulation precision, shortening the research and development period, reducing the research and development cost, and solving the problems of the existing gear loading method.
The technical scheme of the invention is described as follows by combining the attached drawings:
a gear automatic loading method based on HyperWorks software comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model for assembling a gear shaft assembly;
step two, automatically creating gear meshing points;
automatically creating a local cylindrical coordinate system;
automatically creating a meshing point-tooth surface part node connecting unit;
step five, automatically applying load;
step six, submitting calculation: and exporting the calculation file and submitting the calculation.
The specific method of the first step is as follows:
11) establishing a grid model of a first gear 1, a second gear 2 … …, an Nth gear N, a gear shaft 2-1 and a bearing 3-1, wherein the Nth gears N of the first gear 1 and the second gear 2 … … are named as mchilun1, mchilun2 and … … mchilun N;
12) defining material properties of parts, wherein the first gear 1, the second gear 2 … …, the Nth gear N and the gear shaft 2 are all made of steel, and defining the elastic modulus of materials to be 2.1e5MPa and the Poisson ratio to be 0.3 in pre-processing software;
13) defining the assembly contact relation of the gear shafts 2-1: the contact relationship between the contact parts is defined, and the friction coefficient is 0.1.
The specific method of the second step is as follows:
21) defining a keyword mchilun by TCL language, and searching the number of gears and the name of the gears in the model;
22) establishing a gear parameter table by using an excel table, wherein the parameter table comprises a gear pitch diameter, a pressure angle and a spiral angle;
23) obtaining the pitch circle diameter D of each level of gear by reading the gear parameter table and matching keywords; mchilun1 in the model corresponds to a mark m _1 in an excel table, and the pitch circle diameter D1 of mchilun1 is found by traversing the mark of each cell in the table; sequentially circulating to obtain pitch circle diameters D of all gears in the model; the gear meshing points are established on pitch circles, which are circles described by the meshing points when the gears are meshed in pairs, instead of on the pitch circles; when a gear parameter table is established, the diameter data of the pitch circle in the table is the pitch circle diameter when the paired gears are meshed, and is not the reference circle diameter when a single gear is designed;
24) adding all nodes of the gear grid model, and finding the central point of the gear by applying a createbestcirclecerende command;
25) applying a creattecireclformenterradius command, taking the central point of the gear as an origin, and drawing a circle with the radius of D/2 in a direction perpendicular to the coordinate axis where the axis of the gear is located;
26) using the nondecretexiliancams command, 36 points are created on the circle on average, i.e. gear mesh points.
The concrete method of the third step is as follows:
31) applying a systemcreate command, taking the center of the gear as an origin, taking the direction from the origin to a gear meshing point as an X axis, and taking the axial direction of a gear shaft as a Z axis to create a local cylindrical coordinate system;
32) the created gear mesh points are assigned to a local coordinate system.
The concrete method of the fourth step is as follows:
41) taking the face of the gear by using the findfaces command;
42) all the nodes of the gear are taken out and placed in nodes 1; taking the center of the gear as an origin, drawing a pitch circle of the gear in the direction vertical to the axis of the gear, and respectively moving the pitch circle by 80mm back and forth along the axis of the gear, so as to form a node in a closed space and put the node in nodes 2; using a mark difference nodes 1nodes 2 sentence to obtain a node set1 outside a tooth surface pitch circle; according to the gear characteristics, the nodes can be automatically divided into mutually independent groups at the moment;
43) defining an initial search threshold value to be 0.01mm, if no node exists in the search range, expanding the threshold value range to 0.02mm … … to gradually expand the threshold value until a first node N1 closest to the meshing point is searched, and storing all nodes of a group where N1 is located; the tooth surface nodes corresponding to 36 meshing points can be found by circulating for 36 times;
44) and automatically establishing the connection unit of the engagement point and the corresponding node RBE3 by using an RBE3 command.
The concrete method of the step five is as follows:
51) a window program is edited by TCL language, and a gear three-direction component force calculation formula is written in the program: ft＝T/D,Fr＝Fttanα,Fz＝Fttan β, wherein: ftAs a tangential force, FrAs a radial force, FzIs an axial force; t is torque; d is the pitch circle diameter in the gear parameter table; alpha is a pressure angle; beta is a helix angle;
52) inputting torque T in a window, reading a pitch diameter D, a pressure angle alpha and a helix angle beta in a gear parameter table, and automatically calculating three-direction component forces of the gear;
53) automatically applying a load to 36 gear engagement points with a loadcreatewsystemmonitoring _ current command;
54) with loadstepcreate command, 36 load steps are automatically created.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the automatic program can accurately position the pitch circle position according to the gear parameters, and any number of gear meshing points are arranged on the pitch circle, so that the establishment of gear meshing points in batches is quickly realized, and a large amount of labor cost is saved;
2) the automation program automatically searches the main points of the RBE3 connection units according to the set rules, and the creation of any number of RBE3 connection units is quickly realized;
3) the automatic program can automatically calculate the component forces of the gears in three directions according to the input torque and the gear parameters and quickly apply the component forces to each gear;
4) the method has the advantages of standardizing the operation process, standardizing the calculation method, and quickly loading the gear to realize finite element analysis of the fatigue life of the gear shaft, and is beneficial to reducing result errors caused by human factors, improving simulation precision, shortening the research and development period and reducing the research and development cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gear shaft assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of gear mesh points;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of automatic grouping of nodes outside the pitch circle 1;
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of searching for a group of nodes closest to a mesh point;
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of searching for a set of nodes closest to a mesh point;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an engagement point-tooth flank node joint connection unit.
In the figure: 1. a first gear; 2-1, a gear shaft; 3-1 and a bearing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Referring to fig. 1, an automatic gear loading method includes the following steps:
referring to fig. 2, step one, establishing a gear shaft assembly assembling finite element model;
11) establishing a grid model of a first gear 1, a second gear 2 … …, an Nth gear N, a gear shaft 2-1 and a bearing 3-1, wherein the Nth gears N of the first gear 1 and the second gear 2 … … are named as mchilun1, mchilun2 and … … mchilun N;
12) defining material properties of parts, wherein the first gear 1, the second gear 2 … …, the Nth gear N and the gear shaft 2 are all made of steel, and defining the elastic modulus of materials to be 2.1e5MPa and the Poisson ratio to be 0.3 in pre-processing software;
13) defining the assembly contact relation of the gear shafts 2-1: the contact relationship between the contact parts is defined, and the friction coefficient is 0.1.
Referring to fig. 3, step two, a gear mesh point is automatically created;
21) defining a keyword mchilun by TCL language, and searching the number of gears and the name of the gears in the model;
22) establishing a gear parameter table by using an excel table, wherein the parameter table comprises a gear pitch diameter, a pressure angle and a spiral angle;
23) obtaining the pitch circle diameter D of each level of gear by reading the gear parameter table and matching keywords; mchilun1 in the model corresponds to a mark m _1 in an excel table, and the pitch circle diameter D1 of mchilun1 is found by traversing the mark of each cell in the table; sequentially circulating to obtain pitch circle diameters D of all gears in the model; the gear meshing points are established on pitch circles, which are circles described by the meshing points when the gears are meshed in pairs, instead of on the pitch circles; when a gear parameter table is established, the diameter data of the pitch circle in the table is the pitch circle diameter when the paired gears are meshed, and is not the reference circle diameter when a single gear is designed;
24) adding all nodes of the gear grid model, and finding the central point of the gear by applying a createbestcirclecerende command;
25) applying a creattecireclformenterradius command, taking the central point of the gear as an origin, and drawing a circle with the radius of D/2 in a direction perpendicular to the coordinate axis where the axis of the gear is located;
26) using the nondecretexiliancams command, 36 points are created on the circle on average, i.e. gear mesh points.
Automatically creating a local cylindrical coordinate system;
31) applying a systemcreate command, taking the center of the gear as an origin, taking the direction from the origin to a gear meshing point as an X axis, and taking the axial direction of a gear shaft as a Z axis to create a local cylindrical coordinate system;
32) the created gear mesh points are assigned to a local coordinate system.
Automatically creating a meshing point-tooth surface part node connecting unit;
41) taking the face of the gear by using the findfaces command;
42) referring to FIG. 4, all the nodes of the gear are removed and placed in nodes 1; taking the center of the gear as an origin, drawing a pitch circle of the gear in the direction vertical to the axis of the gear, and respectively moving the pitch circle by 80mm back and forth along the axis of the gear, so as to form a node in a closed space and put the node in nodes 2; using a mark difference nodes 1nodes 2 sentence to obtain a node set1 outside a tooth surface pitch circle; according to the gear characteristics, the nodes can be automatically divided into mutually independent groups at the moment;
43) referring to fig. 5a and 5b, an initial search threshold is defined to be 0.01mm, if no node exists in the search range, the threshold range is expanded to 0.02mm … …, the threshold is gradually expanded until the first node N1 closest to the mesh point is searched, and all nodes of the group where N1 is located are saved; the tooth surface nodes corresponding to 36 meshing points can be found by circulating for 36 times;
44) referring to fig. 6, the cell connecting the mesh point and the corresponding node RBE3 is automatically established by using the command of RBE 3.
Step five, automatically applying load;
51) a window program is edited by TCL language, and a gear three-direction component force calculation formula is written in the program: ft＝T/D,Fr＝Fttanα,Fz＝Fttan β, wherein: ftAs a tangential force, FrAs a radial force, FzIs an axial force; t is torque; d is the pitch circle diameter in the gear parameter table; alpha is a pressure angle; beta is a helix angle;
52) inputting torque T in a window, reading a pitch diameter D, a pressure angle alpha and a helix angle beta in a gear parameter table, and automatically calculating three-direction component forces of the gear;
53) automatically applying a load to 36 gear engagement points with a loadcreatewsystemmonitoring _ current command;
54) with loadstepcreate command, 36 load steps are automatically created.
Step six, submitting calculation: and exporting the calculation file and submitting the calculation.
The method has the advantages of standardizing the operation process, standardizing the calculation method, and quickly loading the gear to realize finite element analysis of the fatigue life of the gear shaft, is favorable for reducing result errors caused by human factors, and can improve simulation precision, shorten the research and development period and reduce the research and development cost.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A gear automatic loading method based on HyperWorks software is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a finite element model for assembling a gear shaft assembly;
step two, automatically creating gear meshing points;
automatically creating a local cylindrical coordinate system;
automatically creating a meshing point-tooth surface part node connecting unit;
step five, automatically applying load;
step six, submitting calculation: and exporting the calculation file and submitting the calculation.
2. The method for automatically loading the gear based on the HyperWorks software according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the first step is as follows:
11) establishing a grid model of a first gear (1), a second gear (2) … …, an Nth gear (N), a gear shaft (2-1) and a bearing (3-1), wherein the first gear (1), the second gear (2) … …, the Nth gear (N) are named as mchilun1, mchilun2 and … … mchilun N;
12) defining material properties of parts, wherein the first gear (1), the second gear (2) … …, the Nth gear (N) and the gear shaft (2) are all made of steel, and defining the elastic modulus of the materials to be 2.1e5MPa and the Poisson ratio to be 0.3 in pre-processing software;
13) defining a gear shaft (2-1) assembly contact relation: the contact relationship between the contact parts is defined, and the friction coefficient is 0.1.
3. The method for automatically loading the gear based on the HyperWorks software according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of the second step is as follows:
21) defining a keyword mchilun by TCL language, and searching the number of gears and the name of the gears in the model;
22) establishing a gear parameter table by using an excel table, wherein the parameter table comprises a gear pitch diameter, a pressure angle and a spiral angle;
23) obtaining the pitch circle diameter D of each level of gear by reading the gear parameter table and matching keywords; mchilun1 in the model corresponds to a mark m _1 in an excel table, and the pitch circle diameter D1 of mchilun1 is found by traversing the mark of each cell in the table; sequentially circulating to obtain pitch circle diameters D of all gears in the model; the gear meshing points are established on pitch circles, which are circles described by the meshing points when the gears are meshed in pairs, instead of on the pitch circles; when a gear parameter table is established, the diameter data of the pitch circle in the table is the pitch circle diameter when the paired gears are meshed, and is not the reference circle diameter when a single gear is designed;
24) adding all nodes of the gear grid model, and finding the central point of the gear by applying a createbestcirclecerende command;
25) applying a creattecireclformenterradius command, taking the central point of the gear as an origin, and drawing a circle with the radius of D/2 in a direction perpendicular to the coordinate axis where the axis of the gear is located;
26) using the nondecretexiliancams command, 36 points are created on the circle on average, i.e. gear mesh points.
4. The method for automatically loading the gear based on the HyperWorks software according to claim 1, wherein the concrete method of the third step is as follows:
31) applying a systemcreate command, taking the center of the gear as an origin, taking the direction from the origin to a gear meshing point as an X axis, and taking the axial direction of a gear shaft as a Z axis to create a local cylindrical coordinate system;
32) the created gear mesh points are assigned to a local coordinate system.
5. The method for automatically loading the gear based on the HyperWorks software according to claim 1, wherein the concrete method of the fourth step is as follows:
41) taking the face of the gear by using the findfaces command;
42) all the nodes of the gear are taken out and placed in nodes 1; taking the center of the gear as an origin, drawing a pitch circle of the gear in the direction vertical to the axis of the gear, and respectively moving the pitch circle by 80mm back and forth along the axis of the gear, so as to form a node in a closed space and put the node in nodes 2; using a mark difference nodes 1nodes 2 sentence to obtain a node set1 outside a tooth surface pitch circle; according to the gear characteristics, the nodes can be automatically divided into mutually independent groups at the moment;
43) defining an initial search threshold value to be 0.01mm, if no node exists in the search range, expanding the threshold value range to 0.02mm … … to gradually expand the threshold value until a first node N1 closest to the meshing point is searched, and storing all nodes of a group where N1 is located; the tooth surface nodes corresponding to 36 meshing points can be found by circulating for 36 times;
44) and automatically establishing the connection unit of the engagement point and the corresponding node RBE3 by using an RBE3 command.
6. The method for automatically loading the gear based on the HyperWorks software according to claim 1, wherein the concrete method of the fifth step is as follows:
51) a window program is edited by TCL language, and a gear three-direction component force calculation formula is written in the program: ft＝T/D,Fr＝Ft tanα,Fz＝Fttan β, wherein: ftAs a tangential force, FrAs a radial force, FzIs an axial force; t is torque; d is the pitch circle diameter in the gear parameter table; alpha is a pressure angle; beta is a helix angle;
52) inputting torque T in a window, reading a pitch diameter D, a pressure angle alpha and a helix angle beta in a gear parameter table, and automatically calculating three-direction component forces of the gear;
53) automatically applying a load to 36 gear engagement points with a loadcreatewsystemmonitoring _ current command;
54) with loadstepcreate command, 36 load steps are automatically created.
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| 谭树梁: "轻型汽车电子机械制动执行器及硬件在环试验台研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士)工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
| 黄尚仁 等: "表面粗糙度对弧齿锥齿轮乏油弹流油膜寿命的影响", 《机械传动》 * |
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