CN111943713A - Environment-friendly heat-preservation and heat-insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Environment-friendly heat-preservation and heat-insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111943713A
CN111943713A CN202010837339.2A CN202010837339A CN111943713A CN 111943713 A CN111943713 A CN 111943713A CN 202010837339 A CN202010837339 A CN 202010837339A CN 111943713 A CN111943713 A CN 111943713A
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heat
environment
mixed solution
insulating material
graphene
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CN111943713B (en
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龚俊琼
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Esbeck Environmental Protection Technology Beijing Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0045Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by a process involving the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. sol-gel or precipitation processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/14Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
    • C01B33/157After-treatment of gels
    • C01B33/158Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
    • C01B33/1585Dehydration into aerogels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40Porous or lightweight materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment-friendly heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid to control the pH value to be 3-4, and magnetically stirring at 300-500rpm at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is (40-70): (10-30): 100, respectively; (2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value to be 7.5-8.5, stirring at 300-500rpm for 10-30 minutes, and uniformly mixing; standing at 30-50 deg.C for 24-72 hr to obtain wet gel; the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is (0.01-0.06): (0.02-0.10):(0.02-0.14): 1; drying the wet gel at 50-60 deg.C under normal pressure for 30-60 hr. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material has a three-dimensional network nano porous structure and low heat conductivity, and can be applied to heat insulation in the fields of optics, acoustics, electricity and the like.

Description

Environment-friendly heat-preservation and heat-insulation material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat insulation materials, in particular to an environment-friendly heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Building energy consumption is one of the major components of energy consumption. Building energy consumption continues to increase rapidly, and has exceeded the energy consumption required by transportation and industry. Building insulation is considered a simple and efficient technique while increasing the production of renewable energy. Therefore, a great deal of research is being conducted to reduce energy consumption by appropriate, effective insulation strategies: development and application of heat insulation materials.
The heat-insulating material is generally a light, loose, porous and fibrous material. It can be divided into organic materials and inorganic materials according to its composition. The former has better heat insulation performance than the latter, but the latter has better durability than the former. The heat conductivity coefficient is a main index for measuring the performance of the heat-insulating material. The smaller the thermal conductivity, the smaller the amount of heat transferred through the material, the better the thermal insulation performance, the thermal conductivity of the material is determined by the composition, internal structure, volume weight, etc. of the material, and also the average temperature during heat transfer and the water content of the material. Generally speaking, the lighter the volume weight, the lower the thermal conductivity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to be realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing;
(3) and (5) drying.
Further, the preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid to control the pH value to be 3-4, and magnetically stirring at 300-500rpm at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is (40-70): (10-30): 100, respectively; preferably (50-65): (20-28): 100, respectively;
the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 20-38 wt%;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value to be 7.5-8.5, stirring at 300-500rpm for 10-30 minutes, and uniformly mixing; standing at 30-50 deg.C for 24-72 hr to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is (0.01-0.06): (0.02-0.10):(0.02-0.14): 1, preferably (0.01-0.03): (0.04-0.08):(0.04-0.10): 1;
the concentration of the ammonia water is 0.2-0.8 mol/L;
(3) and drying the wet gel at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ and under normal pressure for 30-60 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
The silanization reagent is at least one of trimethyl chlorosilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane and methyl trimethoxy silane. Preferably, the silylating agent is vinyltrimethoxysilane and/or methyltrimethoxysilane; further preferably, the silylation agent is vinyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1: (3-5).
The invention also discloses an environment-friendly heat-insulating material which is prepared by adopting the method.
The environment-friendly heat-insulating material has a three-dimensional network nano porous structure and low heat conductivity, and can be applied to heat insulation in the fields of optics, acoustics, electricity and the like.
Detailed Description
The disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid to control the pH value to be 3-4, and magnetically stirring at 300-500rpm at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is (40-70): (10-30): 100, respectively; preferably (50-65): (20-28): 100, respectively;
dropwise adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3-4, wherein the hydrochloric acid has the function of providing an acidic environment for hydrolysis, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 20-38 wt%;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value to be 7.5-8.5, stirring at 300-500rpm for 10-30 minutes, and uniformly mixing; standing at 30-50 deg.C for 24-72 hr to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is (0.01-0.06): (0.02-0.10):(0.02-0.14): 1, preferably (0.01-0.03): (0.04-0.08):(0.04-0.10): 1;
the concentration of the ammonia water is 0.2-0.8 mol/L;
standing at 30-50 deg.C for 24-72 hr for aging;
(3) and drying the wet gel at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ and under normal pressure for 30-60 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Tetraethoxysilane is a relatively safe reagent, and the method is used for preparing sol; the gel aging anhydrous ethanol has the functions of reinforcing the skeleton structure and improving the hardness and strength of the gel.
The dopant graphene and the silicon carbide clusters are dispersed in the silica gel network and mutually repel each other, so that the whole silica gel network framework becomes loose, and the solid phase heat conduction of the aerogel is reduced to a certain extent; the dopants graphene and silicon carbide have wide spectrum absorption, especially strong infrared heat radiation absorption, so that the radiation heat conduction of the aerogel is reduced; with the addition of the doping agents graphene and silicon carbide, the density of the aerogel is increased, the aperture is reduced, and the gas phase heat conduction of the aerogel is reduced; to sum up, the dopant graphene and the silicon carbide act synergistically in the silica gel, so that solid-phase heat conduction, radiant heat conduction and gas-phase heat conduction are all reduced, the total heat conductivity of the composite aerogel is reduced, and the heat preservation and insulation performance is greatly improved.
The silanization reagent is at least one of trimethyl chlorosilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane and methyl trimethoxy silane. Preferably, the silylating agent is vinyltrimethoxysilane and/or methyltrimethoxysilane; further preferably, the silylation agent is vinyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1: (3-5). The silanization reagent has the function of alkylation, so that the hydrophobicity of the aerogel is changed and the heat preservation and insulation performance is improved.
CAS number
Tetraethoxysilane 78-10-4
Graphene 1034343-98-0
Silicon carbide 409-21-2
Trimethylchlorosilane 4668-00-2
Vinyl trimethoxy silane 2768-02-7
Methyltrimethoxysilane 1185-55-3
The graphene is prepared from XF001W single-layer graphene powder (physical method), and the single-layer rate is 80% when the thickness of the graphene is 0.5-5 mu m and the thickness of the graphene is 0.8 nm.
The silicon carbide is made of Nangong-Ci-Suiya alloy welding material, Inc., the trade name of NYT-SiC-01, and the grain diameter of the crystal is 0.01 mm.
Example 1
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is 0.02: 0.06: 0.07: 1;
the silanization reagent is trimethyl chlorosilane;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Example 2
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is 0.02: 0.06: 0.07: 1;
the silanization reagent is methyl trimethoxy silane;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Example 3
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is 0.02: 0.06: 0.07: 1;
the silanization reagent is vinyl trimethoxy silane;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Example 4
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is 0.02: 0.06: 0.07: 1;
the silanization reagent is vinyl trimethoxy silane and methyl trimethoxy silane in a mass ratio of 1: 4, preparing a composition;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Example 5
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the silicon carbide, the silanization reagent and the mixed solution is 0.08: 0.07: 1;
the silanization reagent is vinyl trimethoxy silane and methyl trimethoxy silane in a mass ratio of 1: 4, preparing a composition;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Example 6
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding graphene and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is 0.08: 0.07: 1;
the silanization reagent is vinyl trimethoxy silane and methyl trimethoxy silane in a mass ratio of 1: 4, preparing a composition;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Example 7
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is 0.07: 1;
the silanization reagent is vinyl trimethoxy silane and methyl trimethoxy silane in a mass ratio of 1: 4, preparing a composition;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Example 8
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5, and magnetically stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the speed of 400rpm for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is 55: 25: 100, respectively;
(2) adding graphene and silicon carbide into the mixed solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 8.0, stirring at 400rpm for 20 minutes, and uniformly mixing; then standing for 48 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the mixed solution is 0.02: 0.06: 1;
(3) and drying the wet gel at 55 ℃ under normal pressure for 48 hours to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material.
Test example 1:
the size of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material to be tested is set to be 0.3mm multiplied by 25mm, and the heat conductivity of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material is tested by adopting a XIATECH TC3000E portable heat conductivity meter. Ambient temperature 25 ℃ and relative humidity 60%. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material of the same example was tested 10 times and the average value was taken.
Thermal conductivity, W/(m. K)
Example 1 0.0272
Example 2 0.0234
Example 3 0.0215
Example 4 0.0142
Example 5 0.0258
Example 6 0.0237
Example 7 0.0398
Example 8 0.0366
The dopant graphene and the silicon carbide clusters are dispersed in the silica gel network and mutually repel each other, so that the whole silica gel network framework becomes loose, and the solid phase heat conduction of the aerogel is reduced to a certain extent; the dopants graphene and silicon carbide have wide spectrum absorption, especially strong infrared heat radiation absorption, so that the radiation heat conduction of the aerogel is reduced; with the addition of the doping agents graphene and silicon carbide, the density of the aerogel is increased, the aperture is reduced, and the gas phase heat conduction of the aerogel is reduced; to sum up, the dopant graphene and the silicon carbide act synergistically in the silica gel, so that solid-phase heat conduction, radiant heat conduction and gas-phase heat conduction are all reduced, the total heat conductivity of the composite aerogel is reduced, and the heat preservation and insulation performance is greatly improved.
The silanization reagent changes the hydrophobicity of the aerogel and improves the heat preservation and insulation performance through alkylation, and the silanization reagent selects at least one of trimethylchlorosilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane and methyl trimethoxy silane. Experiments prove that the effects of the vinyltrimethoxysilane and the methyltrimethoxysilane are far better than those of the trimethylchlorosilane.
Test example 2:
the contact angle and porosity were tested by an industry-wide method.
Contact angle (°) Porosity (%)
Example 4 138 95.52
Example 5 127 90.28
Example 6 132 92.34
Example 7 113 83.17

Claims (3)

1. The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing ethyl orthosilicate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid to control the pH value to be 3-4, and magnetically stirring at 300-500rpm at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate to the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water is (40-70): (10-30): 100, respectively; preferably (50-65): (20-28): 100, respectively;
(2) adding graphene, silicon carbide and a silanization reagent into the mixed solution, dropwise adding ammonia water to control the pH value to be 7.5-8.5, stirring at 300-500rpm for 10-30 minutes, and uniformly mixing; standing at 30-50 deg.C for 24-72 hr to obtain wet gel;
the mass ratio of the graphene to the silicon carbide to the silanization reagent to the mixed solution is (0.01-0.06): (0.02-0.10):(0.02-0.14): 1, preferably (0.01-0.03): (0.04-0.08):(0.04-0.10): 1;
(3) drying the wet gel at 50-60 deg.C under normal pressure for 30-60 hr.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the silylation agent is at least one of trimethylchlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane.
3. An environment-friendly heat-insulating material, which is characterized by being prepared by the method of claim 1 or 2.
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