CN111941287A

CN111941287A - Grinding device for rounding particles

Info

Publication number: CN111941287A
Application number: CN202010383693.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: F·温特
Original assignee: Netzsch Trockenmahltechnik GmbH
Current assignee: Netzsch Trockenmahltechnik GmbH
Priority date: 2019-05-15
Filing date: 2020-05-08
Publication date: 2020-11-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-08
Also published as: DE102019112791B3; CN111941287B; EP3738673A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a grinding device for rounding particles. The grinding apparatus includes a vortex chamber for treating particles suspended in a fluid flow. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a corresponding method and optionally to a corresponding use.

Description

Grinding device for rounding particles

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a grinding device for rounding particles. The grinding device comprises a vortex chamber for treating particles suspended in a fluid flow and is provided in addition to that according to the description of the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a corresponding method and optionally to a corresponding use.

Background

Particles whose average particle size varies within a specific range and at the same time have few sharp edges are required for different technical applications.

One well-known application is the manufacture of so-called permanent magnets or permanent magnets.

The permanent magnet or permanent magnet is made of a magnetizable material, for example iron, cobalt or nickel. In many cases rare earth alloying elements are added, especially neodymium, samarium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium or gadolinium. The rare earth magnet is characterized in that the rare earth magnet has a high residual flux density and a high magnetic energy density.

These permanent magnets are made of crystalline powder. Here, the magnetic powder is pressed into the mold under a strong magnetic field. Under the influence of a magnetic field, the preferential magnetization axis of the crystal is oriented in a direction along the magnetic field.

The compact is then sintered. During sintering, the powdered components of the powder are connected to one another or compacted as a result of heating, but no or at least not all of the raw materials are melted. Here, the compact is usually heated under elevated pressure so that the temperature remains below the melting temperature of the main component, so that the shape (form) of the workpiece is retained.

It is known that in order to manufacture a raw material, which is required, for example, to manufacture a permanent magnet, in particular, to manufacture an Nd-Fe-B (neodymium iron boron) magnet, an alloy including a rare earth metal needs to be ground into an intermediate product. The ground material may be wholly or partially recycled material of the old magnet.

Conventional comminution techniques are generally suitable for producing powdered intermediates. However, there is a problem that powder particles having sharp corners and edges are generated when such rare earth magnetic powder is finely ground by a conventional method, for example, in a fluidized bed jet mill or the like grinding apparatus. For various reasons, the sharp corners and edges are most undesirable.

Magnets made using such sharp-edged powders thus exhibit poorer magnetic values or lower magnetic energy densities than would be expected from calculation with maximally rounded powder particles, i.e., particles substantially free of sharp corners and edges.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for producing smooth particles of a specific size, i.e. an apparatus for producing particles having at least a reduced number of corners and edges.

In terms of the device, the embodiment according to the invention is achieved by a grinding device for rounding particles according to the first independent claim.

The grinding device according to the invention has at least one swirl chamber for processing particles, which are suspended in a fluid flow. By "suspended" is understood that the particles are at least predominantly carried by the fluid stream during the period of their processing.

The fluid flow moving in the swirl chamber is generated by fluid jets which are blown into the swirl chamber at different points by means of a blowing device. A fluid bundle is understood to be a bundle of fluids that flow locally. The fluid bundles are not bundled in this sense only, but in any case when the fluid bundles have an absolute or average diameter of less than or equal to 10mm directly at their outflow opening.

The diameter of the fluid beam is related to the nozzle diameter and the nozzle shape (cylindrical or conical), but may in individual cases be significantly larger.

The blowing mechanism has a plurality of first blowing openings for blowing the fluid beam from the outside into the vortex chamber. The blow port drives a fluid flow that tends to wrap around the central axis of the vortex chamber in a first main flow direction.

According to the invention, the blowing mechanism further comprises a plurality of second blowing openings. The second blowing port is also used to blow a fluid beam from the outside into the vortex chamber. The second blow port drives fluid flow tending to circulate about the central axis of the vortex chamber in a second main flow direction opposite the first main flow direction.

For the sake of clarity, it should be mentioned that not only is a turbulent circumferential flow preferably formed in the swirl chamber by the described blowing fluid jet, but also in particular when the rapidly rotating classifying wheel also participates in the flow generation in the swirl chamber. The term "main flow direction" (approximately) therefore denotes the resultant direction in which the local fluid flow or the vertically oriented layer of generally limited thickness formed therefrom generally moves without influencing the local turbulence which may be superimposed.

In terms of method, the implementation according to the invention is achieved by the features of the respective independent method claims.

Alternatives for expansion of the invention:

preferably, the blowing mechanism is designed as a preferably individually exchangeable guide ring, which has a blowing opening fitted in. The guide ring then forms the guide wall of the swirl chamber, i.e. the flow guide means. The flow guiding mechanism influences the movement of the fluid flow in the circumferential direction. This is typically achieved by the guide ring forcing a circular motion of the fluid flow in the vortex chamber.

If the guide ring is individually replaceable, a possible, mostly abrasive wear on the guide ring can easily be compensated for by installing a new guide ring.

In the case of a multifunctional device, the ability to be individually replaced at this time is particularly advantageous: the device can be operated as a jet mill under powerful blowing, provided that a guide ring with a unidirectional blow port assembly as known in the art is installed.

If a guide ring according to the invention with oppositely directed sets of blow openings is installed, the device can be operated as a grinding device with blowing in at a relatively low speed. The particles can then in any case no longer be broken up substantially. But rather only break or grind off its edges.

Ideally, the longitudinal central axes of the first blowing openings extending in the inflow direction lie in a first common plane, which is arranged orthogonally to the imaginary axis, so that the fluid flow surrounds this imaginary axis. The longitudinal central axis of the second blowing openings, which extends in the inflow direction, then lies in a second common plane, which is arranged offset with respect to the first common plane and is arranged orthogonally to the imaginary axis, in order to surround the latter with the fluid flow. The offset is preferably 3mm to 40mm, more preferably 5mm to 25 mm.

Ideally, the fluid beams of two immediately adjacent opposing insufflation ports essentially tangentially sweep. The blow openings are positioned accordingly and/or the nozzles forming the beam are fitted.

In this way a zone of strong shear forces is formed between two adjacent fluid beams, which tends to force the relevant particles to spin. Such autorotation is particularly advantageous for the grinding of particles in contact with each other.

But ideally the blow openings do not have to be formed by nozzles forming the beam, respectively. In this way, the blown-in fluid beams can be formed in each case such that they fan out later than the fluid beams formed without nozzles. The fluid jet can thus drive the desired circulating flow in the vortex chamber for a longer time in the layer whose control is affected in any case.

In some special cases, the nozzle forming the jet can have a nozzle body which is raised relative to the inner side of the guide ring. In this way the nozzle body projects into the annular flow of the suspension, typically only above an insignificant projection, i.e. typically at least 5mm in the radially inward direction.

Thereby providing a particularly characteristic vortex. The additional vortex thus provided is too gentle to break up the particles again. But the eddy current energy is sufficient to again significantly mobilize the particles causing the desired smoothing of the particles against each other.

Preferably, the nozzle has a nozzle body which is embodied in the outlet region in a cylindrical or preferably conical shape. As just described, a correspondingly designed nozzle releases a conically diverging fluid jet into the interior of the swirl chamber and thus brings about a particularly effective grinding action.

Desirably, the nozzle body is mounted in a bore of the guide ring.

The known jet mill is also claimed as an application (special mode of operation and equipment) suitable for the invention as a grinding device for granules.

Finally, the claims of protection of guide rings or "nozzle rings" equipped with blow openings or nozzles arranged according to the invention as alternatives or modifications are also retained by divisional applications.

Further features, advantages and improvements result from the following description of embodiments with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows the integrated grinding device in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis L.

Fig. 2 shows the grinding device according to fig. 1 in a section parallel to the longitudinal center axis L.

Fig. 3 shows a detail of fig. 1 as seen from below.

Fig. 4 shows an enlarged detail of fig. 3.

Fig. 4a shows a further part of the area shown in fig. 3 by selecting a slightly different sectional plane.

Fig. 4b shows a detail showing how the immediately adjacent nozzles shown in fig. 4 are arranged relative to each other.

Figure 4c schematically shows the vortex chamber of the grinding device and its additional outlet.

Fig. 5 shows the same parts as fig. 4 in a perspective view from below in an oblique section.

Fig. 6 shows the same parts as fig. 4 in a perspective view from below, without being cut away.

Figure 7 shows an R em picture of the particles before grinding.

Figure 8 shows an R em picture of a particle after grinding according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 and 10 show the same for satellite-like wear particle loading.

List of reference numerals

1 grinding device

2 casing

2a cover

3 guide ring or nozzle ring if equipped with nozzles

4 swirl chamber

5 annular channel

5a fluid inlet

5b fluid outlets or additional fluid outlets

5c valve

6 particle inlet

7 screening wheel

8-schematic-representation fluid-flow cone of blown-in fluid with "beam expansion

9 first blowing port

10 second blowing port

11 is used to show in more detail the indentation of the oppositely directed nozzle 12 with the second blow opening 10

12 nozzle

L longitudinal central or longitudinal axis or axes

Angle A

Angle B

C opposite angle of air blowing opening

Offset of V

Center line of LL air blowing opening

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 and 2 give the best overall overview of an embodiment according to the invention.

The two figures each show an illustrative axial or longitudinal section of the grinding device 1 according to the invention.

The grinding device 1 comprises a housing part or housing 2. The housing 2 forms a cavity inside thereof. The cavity accommodates the guide ring 3, which is also referred to as "nozzle ring" in this case, if the guide ring is optionally provided with nozzles 12. According to fig. 2, the cavity is preferably closed by an end cap 2 a. Ideally, the end cap 2a is embodied such that it can easily and quickly access the cavity when needed.

The guide ring 3 divides the cavity into a swirl chamber 4 and an annular channel 5 surrounding the swirl chamber 4.

The annular channel 5 is supplied with fluid from the outside via a fluid inlet 5a by a pump or pressure source not shown here. The annular channel 5 is used to continuously supply fluid during the grinding process.

The fluid is delivered to the vortex chamber 4 at different locations in the form of fluid jets. For greater clarity, in fig. 1 and the other figures, the cut planes on the guide ring 3 are not shown in hatched lines, but are shown as exceptionally dense dots. In fig. 4, the cutting plane is shown with loose dots in the area of the local protrusion, instead of with dashed lines, which protrusion makes visible the area actually located behind the drawing plane.

The vortex chamber 4 is provided with a particle inlet 6. The particle inlet is preferably designed here as a vertical feed chute. This alternative construction makes it possible to load the swirl chamber 4 with the particles to be ground with the aid of gravity during intermittent operation. The loading is preferably carried out such that approximately 25% to 50%, more preferably approximately 30% to 40%, of the volume of the swirl chamber 4 is filled with the particles to be ground at the beginning of a new grinding cycle.

In the case of intermittent operation as optionally performed in this embodiment, the rounded particles can optionally be discharged via the classifying wheel, preferably by reducing the rotational speed of the classifying wheel, while the blocking effect of the classifying wheel is reduced or cancelled. In this case, the grinding apparatus 1 has a rotational speed adjustment or rotational speed control for the classifying wheel, which is designed such that it reduces the rotational speed during the discharge process or unloading process.

Alternatively, the grinding device can have one or more additional product outlets 5b, via which the rounded particles can be removed, in the usual case irrespective of the rotational speed of the classifying wheel or even without a reduction in the rotational speed of the classifying wheel. Fig. 4c schematically shows how such additional product outlets are designed and arranged.

Suitably, the additional product outlet 5b is closed by a movable plate or valve 5 c. The product can then be sucked away. The annular channel 5 is passed through by a tube from the swirl chamber which passes through the annular channel, the tube being directed completely outwards, so that the swirl chamber 4 and the annular channel 5 cannot be connected directly to one another via an additional product outlet.

In terms of process technology, it is also possible to operate the grinding device 1 with an at least temporary overpressure.

Whereby the product consisting of the finished rounded particles is pressed out of the swirl chamber after the movable plate or valve has opened.

The grinding device 1 according to the invention can alternatively also be used for continuous operation. In this case, the product leaves the machine continuously through the classifier wheel, which runs at a suitable rotational speed.

The method may for example be applied in so-called "satellite separation", for example in connection with additive manufacturing. "satellite" is understood to mean small particles or wear particles which are to be separated and which adhere to the actual useful particles. For example, it is sufficient to use the product only briefly (in the present invention, mostly ground). Once the "satellites" are separated, the particle size of the corresponding useful particles changes. The product consisting of useful particles can then be passed through the sifter while the rotational speed of the sifter is constant.

The auxiliary outlet on the classifying wheel 7 can be seen in the embodiment shown here.

The classifying wheel is designed in a known manner. The screening wheel is formed by a rotating drum. The drum itself is usually formed by two lateral rims which are connected to one another via bars or vanes which are spaced apart from one another and are usually parallel to the axis of rotation.

The wear particles which inevitably fall off during grinding, are very fine and which normally have a disturbing effect in the end product to be ground are separated and removed via the classifying wheel 7.

At the same time, the currently newly introduced fluid flow, at least substantially as the corresponding fluid flow of the sifting fluid flow, is drawn off via the interior of the sifting wheel 7 and from there via its end face facing away from the swirl chamber. The screening fluid flow thus flowing away carries along the wear particles, which are small and of low mass and are thus kept away from the centrally located screening wheel by centrifugal force. The actual particles that should be ground for a predetermined length of time are too large. The particles rotate in the swirl chamber to such an extent that they are held away from the centrally located classifying wheel by the centrifugal force acting on them. In addition, the particles are pushed back into the vortex chamber by the sifting wheel. Thus, the actual particles do not exit the vortex chamber via the classifying wheel. The operating speed of the classifying wheel is adjusted accordingly as a function of the size of the particles to be processed or the desired classification quality.

The machining, i.e. grinding, of the particles in order to round the outer contour or surface of the particles is carried out by blowing a fluid beam into the swirl chamber 4 via the

gas blowing openings

9 and 10. The fluid jet entrains particles located in the swirl chamber 4 and drives a fluid flow in the swirl chamber 4 which surrounds the longitudinal axis L on the spindle.

The grinding device usually comprises a control mechanism. The control mechanism defines a beam velocity of the fluid beam blown in through the blow port.

It is defined that the particles do not collide so strongly with the housing 2 and/or with the housing 2 that the particles break up into relatively large fragments and are thus broken up, i.e. ground, again and again. Preferably, the beam speed is defined to a value in the range between 150m/sec and 300m/sec, depending on the material currently to be ground.

The main component of the grinding device according to the invention is its specially designed blowing mechanism.

As is clear from fig. 3 and fig. 4 and 4a to 4c (but partly also from other figures), the blowing mechanism comprises a plurality of first blowing openings 9. The fluid flow exiting from each first blowing opening 9 into the swirl chamber 4 and its beam expansion are schematically illustrated by the fluid flow cone 8. The fluid flow drives a fluid flow in a first main flow direction around a central axis of the vortex chamber. Further, the air blowing mechanism has a plurality of second air blowing ports 10. Such a blow opening 10 shows a gap 11, which is only shown in fig. 4. The cut-outs show a part of a plane which is actually situated behind the drawing plane, in which plane the middle line of the oppositely oriented blow openings 10 is situated or in which plane the nozzles 12 forming the opposite function of the blow openings are situated. The fluid flow and its beam expansion out of each second insufflator 10 into the vortex chamber 4 is also illustrated by the fluid flow cone 8, but it can be seen that the fluid flow cones are emitted in opposite directions. The fluid flow drives a fluid flow that surrounds the central axis of the vortex chamber in a second main flow direction, which is opposite to the first main flow direction. This can also be seen visually in fig. 4a and 4 b.

In this way two fluid flows are generated which tend to circulate in opposite main flow directions. A flow area with significant shear forces is formed between the two fluid flows, see also fig. 4 b. The shear forces force the particles carried in this region to exhibit a significant rolling action, which is superimposed with a turbulent translational motion. At the same time, the flows that pass tangentially past each other cause micro-vortices and corresponding turbulences, which improve the contact strength and the mixing capacity.

Although the grinding machine according to the invention is in this case processed with a kinetic energy which is significantly lower than the kinetic energy in the jet mill, an unexpectedly large grinding effect results when the particles rub against one another in the manner described.

And therefore does not break up the particles.

In terms of breakage, mainly fragmentation, the average diameter of which is in many cases at least ten times smaller than the average diameter of the remaining particles (Zehnerpotenz). As soon as the particles no longer have sharp edges, they are substantially not broken further.

This ratio is advantageous when the first blowing openings 9 are all blowing in the same direction and the second blowing openings 10 are all blowing in the opposite direction.

The associated first blow openings 9 are ideally arranged at an angle a of approximately 15 ° to 45 °, ideally 25 ° to 35 °, relative to a tangent which in the region of the outlet of the associated blow opening 9 in the guide ring 3 abuts against the inner side of the guide ring, see fig. 4.

The same applies to the second blowing port 10. The second blow openings are arranged at an opposite angle B of approximately 15 ° to 45 °, ideally 25 ° to 35 °, relative to a tangent which in the region of the outlet of the associated blow opening 10 in the guide ring 3 abuts against the inner side of the guide ring 3, see also fig. 4.

A further dimensioning rule which can preferably be used is derived from fig. 4a, which corresponds essentially to fig. 4. The directly

adjacent outlet openings

9, 10 form an outlet opening diagonal C of between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably between 45 ° and 60 °, with the perpendicular to their longitudinal center axis LL.

In a first work with the aid of an implementation according to the invention it has been found that the number of pairs of

opposite blow openings

9, 10 should ideally be 4 to 12, more preferably only 4 to 8.

This is particularly effective when the center lines LL of the co-directed blowing openings 9 and the counter-directed blowing openings 10 (the latter being visible in the respective flow direction) do not lie in the same plane, but rather in different planes, which, viewed in the direction of an imaginary axis L around which the fluid flows in the swirl chamber 4, are offset with respect to one another by a value which is referred to as the offset V. The corresponding content is shown very clearly in fig. 4b, for example.

As is apparent from the figures and in particular from fig. 4, the blowing

openings

9 and 10 are preferably formed by nozzles 12, the nozzle bodies of which are in each case separate components which are fixed, preferably screwed, in the guide ring 3. For this purpose, the guide ring 3 carries a plurality of bores which pass through the guide ring obliquely in the radially inward direction. A nozzle body is fixed or screwed in each bore.

It is also worth mentioning that the grinding device according to the invention need not be a separate apparatus. Instead, there is the possibility of assembling one of the known jet mills, for example the jet mill model Conjet in the applicant's home, so that it can be used for the purpose as a grinding machine according to the invention.

For this purpose, the guide ring 3, which is equipped with the appropriate spray function, is inserted into the existing machine, which is then operated only at a significantly reduced beam speed, as required according to the invention.

Fig. 7 and 8 show the high efficiency of the grinding device according to the invention.

Fig. 7 shows particles of permanent magnet material (rare earth) ground by means of a conventional jet mill at 5000 REM magnification. An insufficient roundness of the particles up to the sharp edge is clearly visible.

In contrast, fig. 8 shows the same material after preferably several minutes of grinding in the grinding device according to the invention. The roundness quality is obviously better.

Fig. 9 shows a particle rounded by means of another method than the method according to the invention. The large particles situated exactly centrally in the picture represent the degree to which they are contaminated in satellite form with fine, dust-like wear particles, which is in many cases objectionable. Fig. 10 shows particles rounded on a grinding device according to the invention. The contamination of the particles by satellite-like abrasive particles is practically nearly zero.

Claims

1. A grinding device (1) for rounding particles, having a swirl chamber (4) for the treatment of the particles with the particles suspended in a fluid flow, which is generated by a fluid beam, which is blown into the swirl chamber (4) at different locations by means of a blowing mechanism, wherein the blowing mechanism comprises a plurality of first blowing openings (9) which drive a fluid flow which surrounds the swirl chamber (4) in a first main flow direction around its central axis (L), characterized in that the blowing mechanism comprises a plurality of second blowing openings (10) which drive a fluid flow which surrounds the swirl chamber (4) in a second main flow direction, which is opposite to the first main flow direction.

2. The grinding device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the blowing mechanism is configured as a preferably individually replaceable guide ring (3) with incorporated blowing openings (9, 10), which guide ring forms a guide wall of the swirl chamber (4), which guide wall influences the movement of the fluid flow in the circumferential direction.

3. A grinding device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first gas blow openings (9) are located in a first common plane, which is arranged orthogonally to an imaginary axis (L) so that the fluid flow surrounds this imaginary axis, and that the second gas blow openings (10) are located in a second common plane, which is arranged orthogonally to the imaginary axis (L) so that the fluid flow surrounds this imaginary axis, and which is arranged at an offset (V) with respect to the first common plane.

4. A grinding device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the fluid beams of two immediately adjacent, opposite blowing openings (9, 10) are swept essentially tangentially.

5. The grinding device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas blow openings (9, 10) are each formed by a nozzle (12) forming a beam.

6. A grinding device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the nozzle (12) forming the beam has a nozzle body which is elevated and projects into the circulating flow of the suspension.

7. A grinding device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the nozzle (12) has a nozzle body which is embodied cylindrically or preferably conically in the region of the outlet opening.

8. A grinding device (1) according to any of the preceding claims in combination with claim 2, characterized in that the nozzle or nozzle body is mounted in a bore of the guide ring (3).

9. A grinding device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a classifying wheel (7) is arranged in the center of the vortex chamber (4), via which classifying wheel wear particles falling down during grinding of particles in the vortex chamber (4) can be removed, or rounded material can be carried out by reducing the rotational speed.

10. Method for grinding particles suspended in a fluid flow in a swirl chamber (4), wherein fluid jets are blown into the swirl chamber (4) at different points by means of a blowing mechanism, characterized in that the fluid jets are blown in groups in such a direction that they drive a fluid flow which surrounds the center axis (L) of the swirl chamber (4) in a first main flow direction and in a second main flow direction, which is opposite to the first main flow direction, around the center axis (L) of the swirl chamber (4).

11. Use of a jet mill for grinding particles without further comminution of the particles by using a reduced jet speed in relation to the grinding operation and a blowing mechanism having the features specified in any of claims 1 to 9.