CN111931397A - Numerical simulation method of reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material - Google Patents
Numerical simulation method of reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a numerical simulation method of a reticular reinforced metal matrix composite, which comprises the following steps: step (1): acquiring material parameters of the reticular reinforced metal-based composite material and the matrix material of the reticular reinforced metal-based composite material; step (2): macroscopic working condition simulation is carried out on a component made of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material; and (3): adopting a Voronoi mosaic method to construct a geometric model of a microstructure in which reinforcing phases of the net-shaped reinforced metal matrix composite material are distributed in a three-dimensional net shape; and (4): and (3) carrying out microscopic simulated tissue evolution according to the post-treatment result of the macroscopic working condition simulation in the step (2) and the matrix material and the reinforced phase of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material. According to the numerical simulation method of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material, the microstructure evolution in the deformation process of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material and the safety of the material in the bearing loading process can be effectively predicted.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a numerical simulation method of a reticular reinforced metal matrix composite.
Background
At present, with the progress of science and technology, the performance requirements on equipment are higher and higher, and the research, development and application of key materials for supporting the equipment are promoted, wherein the metal matrix composite has excellent specific strength, specific rigidity, oxidation resistance, wear resistance and creep resistance, so that the application range is wide. Meanwhile, the metal-based composite material has designability incomparable to the traditional material, and the composite material with both preparation and service performance can be obtained by changing the type and the particle size of the matrix alloy, the type, the shape, the volume fraction and the distribution of the reinforcing phase. Although the metal matrix composite material has excellent performance, the method for preparing a new material from research and development to application through experiment trial is not only complicated in process and long in period, but also requires high cost, thereby hindering the development and application of the metal matrix composite material. With the rapid development of computational science, the finite element numerical simulation technology greatly shortens the research and development period of new materials, reduces the production cost and can predict the safety performance of components. The numerical simulation technology is successfully applied to the aspects of sintering preparation, thermal deformation, service working conditions and the like of the traditional metal matrix composite material, and the technology is quite mature.
However, the net-shaped reinforced metal-based composite material is a new material which has been developed in the last decade, and the material overturns the concept of the dispersion and uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in the traditional metal-based composite material, so that the reinforcing phase is distributed in a space net shape, the reinforcing phase is in a space net distribution form, the theoretical upper limit value of the composite rigidity is realized, the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing phase is optimized, and the microstructure of the material is more complicated along with the improvement of the performance.
Therefore, how to provide a numerical simulation method for the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material, which can effectively predict the microstructure evolution in the deformation process of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material and the safety of the material in the bearing loading process, reduce the research and development cost of a new material, shorten the preparation period of the new material and improve the use safety of the new material, becomes a problem which needs to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a numerical simulation method for a mesh-shaped reinforced metal-based composite material, which can effectively predict the microstructure evolution in the deformation process of the mesh-shaped reinforced metal-based composite material and the safety of the material in the bearing loading process, reduce the research and development cost of new materials, shorten the preparation period of the new materials, and improve the use safety of the new materials.
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a numerical simulation method for a mesh-shaped reinforced metal matrix composite, comprising the steps of:
step (1): acquiring material parameters of the reticular reinforced metal-based composite material and the matrix material of the reticular reinforced metal-based composite material;
step (2): macroscopic working condition simulation is carried out on a component made of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material;
and (3): adopting a Voronoi mosaic method to construct a geometric model of a microstructure in which reinforcing phases of the net-shaped reinforced metal matrix composite material are distributed in a three-dimensional net shape;
and (4): and (3) carrying out microscopic simulated tissue evolution according to the post-treatment result of the macroscopic working condition simulation in the step (2) and the matrix material and the reinforced phase of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material.
Preferably, the base material is any one of a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy, an iron alloy, a nickel alloy, and a cobalt alloy;
and/or the material parameter is mechanical property;
and/or in the step (2), adopting finite element software to carry out macroscopic working condition simulation;
and/or, in the step (4), the software adopted in the microscopic simulated tissue evolution is ABAQUS numerical simulation software.
Preferably, the finite element software is material processing numerical simulation software;
and/or, in the step (4), importing the geometric model, the material properties and the boundary conditions into ABAQUS numerical simulation software through an INP file.
Preferably, the material processing numerical simulation software is any one of DEFORM, ABAQUS, ANSYS, MARC;
and/or the boundary condition is the displacement data of the adjacent nodes of the target position in the macroscopic working condition simulation;
and/or, the material properties include: mechanical properties of the matrix material and material parameters of the reinforcing phase.
Preferably, the macroscopic operating condition simulation comprises the following steps:
modeling a workpiece by adopting three-dimensional configuration software;
introducing the workpiece modeling into processing numerical simulation software;
the components are gridded in the machining numerical simulation software.
Preferably, when the workpiece is subjected to grid division in the machining numerical simulation software, the size of the grid is the same as that of the cube microstructure in the step (4); and/or the mechanical property of the blank adopts the material parameters of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material;
and/or, the step (2) further comprises the following steps: outputting displacement result data through a post-processing module after the macroscopic working condition simulation is finished;
and/or in macroscopic working condition simulation, when a mold exists in an actual working condition, setting the mold as a rigid body; and setting temperature, friction and heat dissipation in the machining numerical simulation software according to actual working conditions.
Preferably, in the material processing macro working condition simulation software, when the workpiece is subjected to grid division, the unit grids of the workpiece adopt eight-node cubes.
Preferably, the method for constructing the geometric model of the microstructure of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material with the reinforcing phases distributed in a spatial three-dimensional reticular manner by adopting the Voronoi mosaic method comprises the following steps:
establishing a geometric model of a cubic microstructure by using ABAQUS finite element software;
dividing the geometric model into eight-node three-dimensional reduction integral stress units;
and constructing a microstructure shape with the reinforcing phase in a spatial three-dimensional net distribution based on a Voronoi mosaic method.
Preferably, the basic idea of the Voronoi mosaic method is as follows
Generating a set of n seed points in space, i.e. S ═ { p ═ p1,p2,…,pn}，dE(p,pi) Defined as point p to point p in spaceiEuclidean distance between two points, then seed point piThe domain of influence as a core point is:
within a specified spatial range, vE(pi) Point-to-core point p in the influence domainiIs closer than any other core point, the unit composition set in the same influence domain is taken as a reticular structure, and the unit volume fraction is randomly extracted at the interface of the adjacent influence domains, namely the unit volume fraction is extracted as the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase, and the reinforcing phase in the titanium alloy with the reticular structure is taken as the reinforcing phase.
Preferably, creating a cubic microstructure comprises the steps of:
calculating the number of the reticular structures in the microstructure according to the average size of the reticular structures;
generating the same number of seed points according to the number of the reticular structures, wherein each seed point forms an influence domain; an influence domain represents a mesh structure;
cells were randomly drawn at the interface of the two impact domains as an enhancement phase.
Preferably, the volume fraction of the unit cell is the same as the actual material.
The application provides a numerical simulation method of a reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material; the method can effectively predict the microstructure evolution in the deformation process of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material and the safety of the material in the bearing loading process, reduce the research and development cost of the new material, shorten the preparation period of the new material and improve the use safety of the new material.
The method breaks through the design idea of the microstructure of the uniform distribution of the reinforcing phases of the traditional metal matrix composite material, and realizes the intuitive construction of the geometric model of the metal matrix composite material with the reticular distribution of the reinforcing phases. And the method can accurately predict the microstructure evolution of the new material and the mechanical property after processing by using a numerical simulation method, reduce the research and development and preparation cost of the new material, shorten the cycle from research and development to use of the new material and improve the service safety of the new material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a microstructure photograph of a mesh-reinforced metal matrix composite.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a geometric model of the microstructure of the mesh-reinforced metal matrix composite.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the evolution of the microstructure after numerical simulation by the method described in example 1 of this embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the evolution of the microstructure after numerical simulation by the method described in example 2 of this embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the evolution of the microstructure after numerical simulation by the method described in example 3 of this embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the development of a microstructure after heat deformation according to the method described in test example 1.
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the development of a microstructure after heat deformation according to the method described in test example 2.
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the development of a microstructure after heat deformation by the method described in test example 3.
Detailed Description
Test example 1
The material adopted in the test example is a SiC net-shaped reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the aluminum alloy refers to 2024 aluminum alloy, and the net-shaped reinforced aluminum-based composite material refers to a SiC net-shaped reinforced 2024 aluminum-based composite material. The average size of the network was 120 μm and the volume fraction of reinforcing phase was 5 vol.%.
The actual macroscopic working condition is a circular ring compression experiment, the blank is a circular ring sample with the outer diameter of 180mm, the inner diameter of 90mm and the height of 60mm, the forging temperature is 450 ℃, the pressing rate of the upper die is 3mm/s, the upper die and the lower die are lubricated by glass powder, and the pressing amount of the upper die is 30 mm.
Example 1
By using the material information and the data information of the macroscopic working condition in test example 1, the numerical simulation method of the mesh-shaped reinforced aluminum-based composite material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
step (1), material parameter determination: obtaining material parameters of the aluminum alloy and the reticular reinforced aluminum-based composite material by using a mechanical property testing machine;
step (2), macroscopic working condition simulation: performing circular ring compression simulation on the reticular reinforced aluminum-based composite material component by using DEFORM-3D finite element software, setting an upper die and a lower die as rigid bodies, inputting a stress-strain curve of the reticular reinforced aluminum-based composite material at 450 ℃, setting the forging temperature as 450 ℃, dividing a grid into cubic units of 0.4mm, fixing a lower die, setting the upper die pressing rate as 3mm/s, the upper die pressing amount as 30mm, setting the friction conditions of the upper die, the lower die and a blank as shear friction, setting the friction coefficient as 0.3, setting the solving step length as 0.1mm, setting the number of operation steps as 300, and outputting node displacement result data after the operation is finished;
step (3), geometrically modeling the mesh structure: creation of 0.4X 0.4mm by Abaqus/CAE finite element software3Dividing the geometric model into eight-node three-dimensional reduction integral stress units (C3D8R) with the number of 125000 units, constructing a real microstructure morphology which is close to three-dimensional reticular distribution of an enhanced phase by using a Voronoi mosaic method, wherein the microstructure comprises about 60 reticular units, so that 60 core points are endowed in a unit set, each affected area is used as one reticular unit, and 6250 units are randomly extracted at the interface of the two affected areas to serve as a SiC enhanced phase with 5 vol% of material;
step (4), simulating the evolution of the microstructure: and taking the displacement result of DEFORM-3D macroscopic working condition simulation as the boundary condition of microstructure evolution simulation, setting the aluminum-based alloy material as plasticity, setting the SiC reinforcing phase as linear elasticity, and outputting the microstructure evolution result through post-processing after the solving operation is finished.
The numerical simulation result obtained in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and the change of the shape of the mesh-shaped element at the feature point obtained by the micro finite element simulation is similar to the experimental test value (fig. 6) in test example 1, it can be seen that the material flows in the inner and outer diameter directions during the deformation process, and the mesh tissue in the inward flow region is compressed along the axial direction, elongated along the axial direction, and compressed along the longitudinal direction; the mesh tissue of the outward flow region is compressed in the axial direction, elongated in the axial direction, and elongated in the longitudinal direction.
Test example 2
The material adopted in this test example is a TiBw net-shaped reinforced titanium-based composite material, the titanium alloy is TA15 titanium alloy, and the net-shaped reinforced titanium-based composite material is a TiBw reinforced TA15 titanium-based composite material. The average size of the reticular structure is 120 mu m, the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase is 3.5 vol.%, the actual macroscopic working condition is an upsetting-extruding experiment, a cylindrical sample with the diameter of phi 16mm multiplied by 8mm is adopted, the forging temperature is 980 ℃, the pressing rate of the upper die is 0.06mm/s, the upper die and the lower die are lubricated by glass powder, and the pressing amount of the upper die is 6 mm.
Example 2
By using the material information and the data information of the macroscopic working condition in test example 1, the numerical simulation method of the mesh-like reinforced titanium-based composite material in this embodiment includes the following steps:
step (1), material parameter determination: obtaining material parameters of the titanium alloy and the reticular reinforced titanium-based composite material by using a mechanical property testing machine;
step (2), macroscopic working condition simulation: carrying out upsetting-extruding experiment simulation on the reticular reinforced titanium-based composite material component by using DEFORM-3D finite element software, setting an upper die and a lower die as rigid bodies, inputting a stress-strain curve of the reticular reinforced titanium-based composite material at 980 ℃, setting the forging temperature as 980 ℃, dividing a grid into 0.4mm cubic units, fixing a lower die, setting the upper die pressing rate as 0.06mm/s, the upper die pressing amount as 6mm, setting the friction conditions of the upper die, the lower die and a blank as shear friction, setting the friction coefficient as 0.3, setting the solving step length as 0.1mm, setting the calculation step number as 60, and outputting node displacement result data after the calculation is finished;
step (3), geometrically modeling the mesh structure: by Abaqus/CAE finite elementsSoftware creation of 0.4X 0.4mm3Dividing the geometric model into eight-node three-dimensional reduction integral stress units (C3D8R), wherein the number of the units is 125000, and then constructing a real microstructure morphology which is close to three-dimensional reticular distribution of an enhanced phase by using a Voronoi mosaic method for reference, wherein the microstructure comprises about 60 reticular units, so that 60 core points are endowed in a unit set, each affected area is used as one reticular unit, and 4375 units are randomly extracted at the interface of the two affected areas to serve as a TiBw enhanced phase with the volume of 3.5% of the material;
step (4), simulating the evolution of the microstructure: and taking the displacement result of DEFORM-3D macroscopic working condition simulation as the boundary condition of microstructure evolution simulation, setting the titanium-based alloy material as plasticity, setting the TiBw reinforcing phase as linear elasticity, and outputting the microstructure evolution result through post-processing after the solving operation is finished.
The numerical simulation result obtained in this example is shown in fig. 4, and the change of the shape of the mesh unit at the feature point obtained by the micro finite element simulation is similar to the experimental test value (fig. 7) in test example 2, and it can be seen that the mesh tissues in the similar extrusion deformation region are all elongated along the axial dimension and shortened along the transverse dimension; the dimension of the reticular tissues in the annular compression deformation zone is shortened along the axial direction, and the other two directions are lengthened.
Test example 3
The material used in this test example was Y2O3A reticular reinforced nickel-based composite material, Y2O3 reticular reinforced GH4068 alloy; the average size of the reticular structure is 120 mu m, the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase is 2 vol.%, the actual macroscopic working condition is isothermal forging of the disc, the blank is a cylindrical sample with phi 320mm multiplied by 160mm, the forging temperature is 1050 ℃, the pressing rate of the upper die is 3mm/s, the upper die and the lower die are lubricated by glass powder, and the pressing amount of the upper die is 130 mm.
Example 3
By using the material information and the data information of the macroscopic working condition in test example 3, the numerical simulation method of the mesh-shaped reinforced nickel-based composite material in the embodiment includes the following steps:
step (1), material parameter determination: obtaining material parameters of the nickel-based superalloy and the reticular reinforced nickel-based composite material by using a mechanical property testing machine;
step (2), macroscopic working condition simulation: carrying out isothermal forging simulation on a disc by using DEFORM-3D finite element software on a reticular reinforced nickel-based composite material component, setting an upper die and a lower die as rigid bodies, inputting a stress-strain curve of the reticular reinforced nickel-based composite material at 1050 ℃, setting the forging temperature as 1050 ℃, dividing a grid into cubic units of 0.4mm, fixing a lower die, setting the upper die pressing rate as 3mm/s, the upper die pressing amount as 130mm, setting the friction conditions of the upper die, the lower die and a blank as shear friction, setting the friction coefficient as 0.3, setting the solving step length as 0.1mm, setting the calculation step number as 1300, and outputting node displacement result data after the calculation is finished;
step (3), geometrically modeling the mesh structure: creation of 0.4X 0.4mm by Abaqus/CAE finite element software3The geometrical model of the cubic microstructure is divided into eight-node three-dimensional reduction integral stress units (C3D8R) with the number of 125000 units, and then a real microstructure morphology which is close to three-dimensional reticular distribution of an enhanced phase is constructed by using a Voronoi mosaic method for reference, wherein the microstructure comprises about 60 reticular units, so that 60 core points are endowed in a unit set, each influence domain serves as one reticular unit, and 2500 units are randomly extracted at the interface of two influence domains as Y with 2 vol% of materials2O3A reinforcing phase;
step (4), simulating the evolution of the microstructure: taking the displacement result of DEFORM-3D macroscopic working condition simulation as the boundary condition of microstructure evolution simulation, setting the nickel-based alloy material as plasticity, and setting Y2O3The enhancement phase is set to be linear elasticity, and after the solving operation is finished, the microstructure evolution result is output through post-processing.
The numerical simulation result obtained in this embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and the change of the shape of the mesh unit at the feature point obtained by the micro finite element simulation is similar to the experimental test value (fig. 8) in test example 3, which shows that the deformation degree of the central part is the largest and the change of the shape of the mesh structure is correspondingly the largest; the effect of the rim part of the hub disc and the like is reduced, and the variation of the net structure is smaller.
It is readily understood by a person skilled in the art that the advantageous ways described above can be freely combined, superimposed without conflict.
The present invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments shown and described, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present application, and these modifications and variations should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A numerical simulation method of a reticular reinforced metal matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): acquiring material parameters of a reticular reinforced metal-based composite material and a matrix material of the reticular reinforced metal-based composite material;
step (2): performing macroscopic working condition simulation on a component made of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material;
and (3): constructing a geometric model of a microstructure of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material with reinforcing phases in spatial three-dimensional reticular distribution by adopting a Voronoi mosaic method;
and (4): and (3) carrying out microscopic simulated tissue evolution according to the post-treatment result of the macroscopic working condition simulation in the step (2) and the matrix material and the reinforcing phase of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material.
2. The method for numerical simulation of a net-shaped reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the matrix material is any one of a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy, an iron alloy, a nickel alloy, and a cobalt alloy;
and/or the material parameter is mechanical property;
and/or in the step (2), adopting finite element software to carry out macroscopic working condition simulation;
and/or, in the step (4), the software adopted in the microscopic simulation of tissue evolution is ABAQUS numerical simulation software.
3. The method of numerical simulation of a reticulated reinforced metal-matrix composite material according to claim 2, wherein the finite element software is material processing numerical simulation software;
and/or, in the step (4), the geometric model, the material properties and the boundary conditions are imported into the ABAQUS numerical simulation software through an INP file.
4. The method for numerical simulation of a mesh-like reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein the macro-regime simulation employs software selected from the group consisting of DEFORM, ABAQUS, ANSYS, and MARC;
and/or the boundary condition is displacement data of target position adjacent nodes in the macroscopic working condition simulation;
and/or, the material properties include: the mechanical properties of the matrix material and the material parameters of the reinforcing phase.
5. A method for numerical simulation of a reticulated reinforced metal-matrix composite material according to claim 3, wherein said macroscopic conditions simulation comprises the following steps:
modeling a workpiece by adopting three-dimensional configuration software;
introducing the workpiece modeling into the machining numerical simulation software;
meshing the member in the machining numerical simulation software.
6. The method for numerically simulating a net-shaped reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 5, wherein the size of the grid is the same as the size of the cube microstructure in the step (4) when the workpiece is subjected to grid division in the machining numerical simulation software; and/or the mechanical property of the blank adopts the material parameters of the reticular reinforced metal matrix composite material;
and/or, the step (2) further comprises the following steps: outputting displacement result data through a post-processing module after the macroscopic working condition simulation is finished;
and/or in the macroscopic working condition simulation, when a mold exists in the actual working condition, the mold is set to be a rigid body; and setting temperature, friction and heat dissipation in the machining numerical simulation software according to actual working conditions.
7. The method of numerical simulation of a reticulated reinforced metal-matrix composite material of claim 6, wherein, in the material processing macro-regime simulation software, when the workpiece is subjected to grid division, the unit cells of the workpiece are eight-node cubes.
8. The numerical simulation method of a net-shaped reinforced metal matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein the step of constructing a geometric model of a microstructure in which reinforcing phases of the net-shaped reinforced metal matrix composite are distributed in a three-dimensional net shape in space by using a Voronoi mosaic method comprises the following steps:
establishing a geometric model of a cubic microstructure by using ABAQUS finite element software;
dividing the geometric model into eight-node three-dimensional reduction integral stress units;
and constructing a microstructure shape with the reinforcing phase in a spatial three-dimensional net distribution based on a Voronoi mosaic method.
9. The method of numerical simulation of a reticulated reinforced metal-matrix composite as claimed in claim 8, wherein said creation of a cubic microstructure comprises the steps of:
calculating the number of the reticular structures in the microstructure according to the average size of the reticular structures;
generating the same number of seed points according to the number of the reticular structure, wherein each seed point forms an influence domain; an influence domain represents a mesh structure;
cells were randomly drawn at the interface of the two impact domains as an enhancement phase.
10. The method for numerical simulation of a reticulated reinforced metal-matrix composite material according to claim 9, wherein the volume fraction of the extraction cells and the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase are the same.
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