CN111929065B - Method for measuring thermal economy of driving steam turbine - Google Patents
Method for measuring thermal economy of driving steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111929065B CN111929065B CN202010813797.2A CN202010813797A CN111929065B CN 111929065 B CN111929065 B CN 111929065B CN 202010813797 A CN202010813797 A CN 202010813797A CN 111929065 B CN111929065 B CN 111929065B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the thermal economy of a drive turbine, which is characterized in that the drive turbine and a condenser are used as a whole for research, the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine is calculated based on a thermodynamic method, and further the thermal economy indexes such as the internal efficiency and the steam consumption rate of the drive turbine are obtained. The parameters required to be measured are very few, the measurement cost is low, and only the following measurement is needed: the steam inlet pressure and temperature of the driving turbine, the inlet pressure, temperature and flow of circulating water of the condenser, the outlet pressure and temperature of circulating water of the condenser, the temperature, pressure and flow of condensed water of the hot well and the measurement error have little influence on the result and are not limited by the shaft power of the driven equipment. Therefore, the thermal economy index of the driving turbine is comprehensively known so as to identify or examine whether the driving turbine reaches a design or guaranteed value; the method provides reliable basis for guiding economic and safe operation of the driving steam turbine, provides reasonable suggestions and improvement directions for economic operation in the future, and makes reasonable operation guidance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power station boilers and steam turbine systems, and particularly relates to a method for measuring thermal economy of a driving steam turbine.
Background
With the increasing requirements on improving the energy utilization rate and reducing the pollution emission in China, more and more auxiliary equipment with high energy consumption in a high-power thermal power generating unit of 300MW or above is driven by a driving steam turbine, and the main advantage is that the conversion of primary energy is reduced; the energy efficiency is high in the middle and low load of the unit; the auxiliary power station power consumption is saved, and the power supply amount on the internet is increased. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of the thermal economy index of the driving turbine has important significance for guiding the economic and safe operation of the power plant.
The last stage blade of the driving turbine works in a wet steam area, and it is difficult to directly measure the steam humidity, so that the exhaust enthalpy of the driving turbine cannot be accurately obtained, and the thermal economy of the driving turbine cannot be obtained. At present, a plurality of methods for calculating the heat economy of the steam turbine exist, but the methods all depend on the shaft power of the driven equipment, such as the shaft power of a water feeding pump, the shaft power of an induced draft fan, the electric power of a generator and the like, under the condition that the shaft power of the driven equipment is unknown, the heat economy of the driving steam turbine cannot be accurately obtained, and the measurement of the shaft power of the driven equipment has large errors.
The driving steam turbine is used as an important auxiliary machine of a power plant and plays an important role in the economic and safe operation of the power plant. The traditional method for calculating the thermal economy of the large steam turbine can be strictly used for driving the steam turbine, but due to the particularity of the driving steam turbine, the additional arrangement of measuring points is difficult, if the thermal economy of the driving steam turbine is calculated by a thermal balance method, multi-stage steam parameters need to be measured, and the process is complex and difficult to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for effectively measuring the heat economy of a driving steam turbine, which has the advantages of very few measured parameters, low measurement cost, small influence on the result caused by measurement errors and no limitation of the shaft power of a driven device.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the thermal economy of a driving turbine is based on a system comprising the driving turbine and a condenser; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the condenser is provided with a steam inlet, a condensed water outlet and a circulating water inlet and outlet, a pipeline at the inlet of the driving turbine is provided with a steam inlet pressure transmitter of the driving turbine and a steam inlet temperature transmitter of the driving turbine, a steam outlet of the driving turbine is communicated to the steam inlet of the condenser, an absolute pressure transmitter of the exhaust of the driving turbine is arranged at the steam outlet of the driving turbine, a hot well condensed water pressure transmitter, a hot well condensed water pore plate flowmeter and a hot well condensed water temperature transmitter are sequentially arranged on the pipeline at the condensed water outlet of the condenser, a circulating water inlet pressure transmitter of the condenser, a circulating water inlet pore plate flowmeter of the condenser and a circulating water inlet temperature transmitter of the condenser are sequentially arranged on the pipeline at the circulating water inlet of the condenser, and a circulating water outlet pressure transmitter of the condenser and a circulating water outlet temperature transmitter of the condenser are sequentially arranged on the circulating water outlet pipeline of the condenser;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: measuring the differential pressure D of the condensate flow of the hot well by using a flowmeter of the condensate orifice of the hot well p heat well Calculating the flow rate Q of condensed water in the hot well according to the design data of the orifice plate flowmeter Hot well ;
And 2, step: respectively measuring the pressure p of the steam inlet of the driving turbine by using a steam inlet pressure transmitter of the driving turbine and a steam inlet temperature transmitter of the driving turbine Admission of steam Temperature t Admission of steam Calculating and obtaining the enthalpy h of the steam inlet of the driving turbine by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model Admission of steam Entropy of steam admission s Admission of steam ;
And step 3: the exhaust pressure p of the drive turbine is measured by using an exhaust absolute pressure transmitter of the drive turbine Exhaust steam Calculating to obtain the isentropic enthalpy h of the exhaust steam of the driving steam turbine by using the IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model s admission ;
And 4, step 4: respectively measuring the pressure p of the condensed water of the hot well by utilizing a condensed water pressure transmitter of the hot well and a condensed water temperature transmitter of the hot well Hot well Temperature t Hot well Calculating the enthalpy h of the condensed water of the hot well by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model Hot well ;
And 5: utilize condenser circulating water pressure transmitter and condenser of intakingThe circulating water outlet pressure transmitters respectively measure the circulating water inlet pressure P of the condenser in Pressure of water discharge P out The condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter and the condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter respectively measure the inlet water temperature t w1 Water outlet temperature t w2 Calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity c of the circulating water of the condenser by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model p ;
Step 6: condenser circulating water inlet flow differential pressure D is measured by utilizing condenser circulating water orifice plate flowmeter p cycle Calculating the mass flow Q of the circulating water according to the data of the orifice plate Circulation of ;
And 7: according to the principle of conservation of mass, the flow Q of the exhaust steam of the turbine is driven Exhaust steam = drive steam turbine inlet flow-drive steam turbine steam leakage = hot well condensate flow Q Hot well Setting the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine to h Exhaust steam According to the principle of energy conservation, the method comprises the following steps:
Q exhaust steam ×(h Exhaust steam -h Hot well )=c p ×Q Circulation type ×(t w2 -t w1 )
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a driving turbine and a condenser which are taken as a whole for research, and the enthalpy of exhaust of the driving turbine is calculated based on a thermodynamic method, so that the heat economy indexes such as the efficiency, the steam consumption rate and the like in the driving turbine are obtained. The parameters required to be measured are very few, the measurement cost is low, and only the following measurement is needed: the steam inlet pressure and temperature of the driving turbine, the inlet pressure, temperature and flow of circulating water of the condenser, the outlet pressure and temperature of circulating water of the condenser, the temperature, pressure and flow of condensed water of the hot well and the measurement error have little influence on the result and are not limited by the shaft power of the driven equipment. Therefore, the thermal economy index of the driving turbine is comprehensively known so as to identify or examine whether the driving turbine reaches a design or guaranteed value; the method provides reliable basis for guiding economic and safe operation of the driving steam turbine, provides reasonable suggestions and improvement directions for economic operation in the future, and makes reasonable operation guidance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining thermal economy of a drive turbine according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. the system comprises a hot well condensation water pressure transmitter, 2, a hot well condensation water pore plate flowmeter, 3, a hot well condensation water temperature transmitter, 4, a driving turbine, 5, a driving turbine exhaust absolute pressure transmitter, 6, a condenser, 7, a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter, 8, a condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter, 9, a condenser circulating water inlet pore plate flowmeter, 10, a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter, 11, a condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter, 12, a driving turbine inlet pressure transmitter, 13 and a driving turbine inlet temperature transmitter.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely for purposes of illustration and explanation and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for determining the thermal economy of the drive turbine is based on a system comprising a drive turbine 4 and a condenser 6; wherein, the condenser 6 is provided with a steam inlet, a condensed water outlet and a circulating water inlet and outlet, a pipeline at the inlet of the driving turbine 4 is provided with a driving turbine steam inlet pressure transmitter 12 and a driving turbine steam inlet temperature transmitter 13, the outlet of the driving turbine 4 is communicated to the steam inlet of the condenser 6, a steam outlet of the driving turbine 4 is provided with a driving turbine steam exhaust absolute pressure transmitter 5, a pipeline at the condensed water outlet of the condenser 6 is sequentially provided with a hot well condensed water pressure transmitter 1, a hot well condensed water orifice plate flow meter 2 and a hot well condensed water temperature transmitter 3, a pipeline at the circulating water inlet of the condenser 6 is sequentially provided with a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter 10, a condenser circulating water inlet orifice plate flow meter 9 and a condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter 11, and a circulating water outlet pressure transmitter 7 and a condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter 8 are arranged on the circulating water outlet pipeline of the condenser 6;
working example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for determining the thermal economy of a drive turbine according to the present invention includes the steps of:
step 1: measuring the differential pressure D of the condensate flow of the hot well by using the condensate orifice flowmeter 2 of the hot well p heat well Calculating the flow rate Q of condensed water in the hot well according to the design data of the orifice plate flowmeter Hot well ;
Step 2: the pressure p of the steam inlet of the driving turbine is respectively measured by utilizing a steam inlet pressure transmitter 12 and a steam inlet temperature transmitter 13 of the driving turbine Admission of steam Temperature t Admission of steam Calculating and obtaining the enthalpy h of the steam inlet of the driving turbine by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model Admission of steam Entropy of steam admission s Admission of steam ;
And 3, step 3: the exhaust pressure p of the driving turbine is measured by using the exhaust absolute pressure transmitter 5 of the driving turbine Exhaust steam Calculating to obtain the isentropic enthalpy h of the exhaust steam of the driving steam turbine by using the IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model s admission of steam ;
And 4, step 4: respectively measuring the pressure p of the condensed water of the hot well by utilizing a condensed water pressure transmitter 1 and a condensed water temperature transmitter 3 of the hot well Hot well Temperature t Hot well Calculating enthalpy h of condensed water of the hot well by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model Hot well ;
And 5: utilize condenser circulating water pressure transmitter 10 of intaking and condenser circulating water play water pressure becomeThe transmitter 7 respectively measures the circulating water inlet pressure P of the condenser in Pressure of water discharge P out The condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter 11 and the condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter 8 respectively measure the inlet water temperature t w1 Temperature t of water outlet w2 Calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity c of the circulating water of the condenser by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermodynamic property model p ;
Step 6: condenser circulating water inlet flow differential pressure D is measured by using condenser circulating water orifice flowmeter 9 p cycle Calculating the mass flow Q of the circulating water according to the data of the orifice plate Circulation type ;
And 7: according to the principle of conservation of mass, the flow Q of the exhaust steam of the turbine is driven Exhaust steam = drive steam turbine inlet flow-drive steam turbine steam leakage = hot well condensate flow Q Hot well ,
Let the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine be h Exhaust steam Obtained according to the principle of conservation of energy
Q Exhaust steam ×(h Exhaust steam -h Hot well )=c p ×Q Circulation type ×(t w2 -t w1 )
The invention takes a driving turbine and a condenser as a whole research, calculates the exhaust enthalpy of the driving turbine based on a thermodynamic method, and further obtains the thermal economy indexes such as the internal efficiency and the steam consumption rate of the driving turbine. The parameters required to be measured are very few, the measurement cost is low, and only the following measurement is needed: the steam inlet pressure and temperature of the driving turbine, the inlet pressure, temperature and flow of circulating water of the condenser, the outlet pressure and temperature of circulating water of the condenser, the temperature, pressure and flow of condensed water of the hot well and the measurement error have little influence on the result and are not limited by the shaft power of the driven equipment. Therefore, the thermal economy index of the driving turbine is comprehensively known so as to identify or examine whether the driving turbine reaches a design or guaranteed value; the method provides reliable basis for guiding economic and safe operation of the driving steam turbine, provides reasonable suggestions and improvement directions for economic operation in the future, and makes reasonable operation guidance.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining the thermal economy of a drive turbine, characterized in that it is based on a system comprising a drive turbine (4) and a condenser (6); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a steam inlet, a condensed water outlet and a circulating water inlet and outlet are arranged on the condenser (6), a pipeline at the inlet of the driving turbine (4) is provided with a driving turbine steam inlet pressure transmitter (12) and a driving turbine steam inlet temperature transmitter (13), a steam outlet of the driving turbine (4) is communicated to the steam inlet of the condenser (6), a driving turbine steam outlet absolute pressure transmitter (5) is arranged at the steam outlet of the driving turbine (4), a hot well condensed water pressure transmitter (1), a hot well condensed water hole plate flow meter (2) and a hot well condensed water temperature transmitter (3) are sequentially arranged on a pipeline at the condensed water outlet of the condenser (6), a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter (10), a condenser circulating water inlet hole plate flow meter (9) and a condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter (11) are sequentially arranged on a pipeline at the circulating water inlet of the condenser (6), and a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter (7) and a condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter (8) are sequentially arranged on a circulating water outlet pipeline of the condenser (6);
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the differential pressure D of the condensate flow of the hot well is measured by using a condensate orifice plate flowmeter (2) of the hot well P hot well Calculating the flow rate Q of condensed water in the hot well according to the design data of the orifice plate flowmeter Hot well ;
Step 2: by using a steam inlet pressure transmitter (12) and a steam inlet temperature transmitter (13) of the driving steam turbineSeparately measuring the pressure p of the inlet steam of the drive turbine Admission of steam Temperature t Admission of steam Calculating and obtaining the enthalpy h of the steam inlet of the driving turbine by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model Admission of steam Entropy of steam admission s Admission of steam ;
And step 3: the exhaust pressure p of the driving turbine is measured by using an exhaust absolute pressure transmitter (5) of the driving turbine Exhaust steam Calculating by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model to obtain the isentropic enthalpy h of the exhaust steam of the driving steam turbine s admission ;
And 4, step 4: respectively measuring the pressure p of the condensed water of the hot well by utilizing a condensed water pressure transmitter (1) and a condensed water temperature transmitter (3) of the hot well Hot well Temperature t Hot well Calculating the enthalpy h of the condensed water of the hot well by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model Hot well ;
And 5: respectively measuring the condenser circulating water inlet pressure P by using a condenser circulating water inlet pressure transmitter (10) and a condenser circulating water outlet pressure transmitter (7) in Water outlet pressure P out The condenser circulating water inlet temperature transmitter (11) and the condenser circulating water outlet temperature transmitter (8) respectively measure the inlet water temperature t w1 Temperature t of water outlet w2 Calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity c of the circulating water of the condenser by using an IFC-97 industrial water and steam thermal property model p ;
Step 6: the condenser circulating water orifice flowmeter (9) is utilized to measure the condenser circulating water inflow flow differential pressure D p cycle Calculating the mass flow Q of the circulating water according to the data of the orifice plate Circulation type ;
And 7: according to the principle of conservation of mass, the flow Q of the exhaust steam of the turbine is driven Exhaust steam = drive steam turbine inlet flow-drive steam turbine steam leakage = hot well condensate flow Q Hot well Setting the exhaust enthalpy of the drive turbine to h Exhaust steam According to the principle of energy conservation, the method comprises the following steps:
Q exhaust steam ×(h Exhaust steam -h Hot well )=c p ×Q Circulation type ×(t w2 -t w1 )
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