CN111926222A - Heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111926222A CN111926222A CN202010876291.6A CN202010876291A CN111926222A CN 111926222 A CN111926222 A CN 111926222A CN 202010876291 A CN202010876291 A CN 202010876291A CN 111926222 A CN111926222 A CN 111926222A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of preparation of regenerated die-casting aluminum alloys. The invention provides a heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy with reduced preparation cost and a preparation method thereof; the chemical components of the heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy are as follows: the content of Si is 10.0-12.0%, the content of Ni is 0.50-0.75%, and the content of Mg is 0.95-1.35%; 0.9 to 1.4 percent of Fe, 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Mn, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Cr, 0.015 to 0.03 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting, sampling, adjusting alloy components, adding low-melting-point alloy, refining, deslagging and casting; the invention effectively reduces the alloy cost by replacing Ni and Cu with Fe which is a cheap impurity element, and refines the size of the iron-rich phase by Mn, Cr, B and other composite modification technologies to ensure the high-temperature strength of the alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy, in particular to heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy has excellent casting performance, low thermal expansion coefficient, good air tightness and wear resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronics, communication and the like. With the increasing requirements of automobile fuel efficiency and energy conservation and environmental protection, light high-strength materials represented by aluminum are more and more widely applied, the application field is gradually expanded from traditional appearance parts and non-bearing parts to structural parts and supporting parts, enough load and thermal fatigue are borne under the high-temperature condition of 350-400 ℃ for a long time, and the working environment is harsh.
The heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy mainly comprises two series of Al-Si and Al-Cu, wherein the Al-Cu series alloy has good heat resistance, but poor flow property and poor corrosion resistance, thus hindering the application of the alloy; the Al-Si series alloy has good casting performance, strong oxidation resistance and good heat conductivityLow thermal expansion coefficient and the like, and has good application prospect; due to the main strengthening phase Mg in the Al-Si alloy2Si、Al2Coarsening of Cu occurs at 250 ℃, the heat resistance is poor, and a high heat stability phase such as Al needs to be introduced3Ni、Al7Cu4Ni、AlFeSi、Al3Sc、Al3(Zr、Ti、V)、Al4RE、(Ti,Cr,Mn,V)B2And the most common elements of Cu and Ni are added in the preparation process to form Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni heat-resistant casting aluminum alloy, such as ZL108, ZL109, A319 and other marks, and the instantaneous strength at 350 ℃ can reach more than 120 MPa.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy with reduced preparation cost and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: the content of Si is 10.0-12.0%, the content of Ni is 0.50-0.75%, and the content of Mg is 0.95-1.35%; 0.9 to 1.4 percent of Fe, 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Mn, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Cr, 0.015 to 0.03 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
A preparation method of heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) proportioning according to a proportion, mixing the sorted, cleaned and preheated waste aluminum materials with other Si, Ni, Fe, Mn and Cr high-melting-point elements, and adding into a smelting furnace for smelting; setting the melting temperature to 750-780 ℃; sampling the melt solution after remelting at the middle position of the melt, and testing the chemical components of the melt;
(2) comparing the difference between the designed components and the content of main alloy elements in the sampling components in the step (1), wherein the main alloy elements comprise high-melting-point elements such as Si, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr and the like, then heating the smelting furnace to 750-780 ℃, and adjusting the main alloy components to the designed range by supplementing raw materials;
(3) adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720-740 ℃, and then adding low-melting-point alloys such as Mg ingot, Al-B intermediate alloy and the like;
(4) after on-line refining, heat preservation and slag removal, the melt is poured into ingots for remelting and then is supplied to a die casting unit or is poured into a heat preservation furnace for direct supply to the die casting unit, and a high-heat-resistant aluminum alloy die casting is prepared;
(5) and (3) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting, wherein the aging temperature is 155-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. fe is the most common impurity element in Al-Si, the solubility of aluminum at room temperature is only 0.02%, and the excessive Fe exists basically in the form of a long and narrow acicular iron-rich phase, so that a matrix is strongly cut, and the plasticity of the alloy is seriously damaged. However, Fe can improve the mucosa characteristics of the die-casting Al-Si alloy, and the formed iron-rich phase has excellent thermal stability, which provides possibility for Fe to replace the more noble metals of Cu and Ni in the heat-resistant casting alloy. Therefore, the size and distribution of the iron-rich phase are very critical to improve the heat resistance of the alloy while the Fe content and the volume fraction of the iron-rich phase are improved.
The invention utilizes the waste aluminum material to prepare the high heat-resistant aluminum alloy, adopts the impurity element Fe to replace the heat-resistant element Ni, and has the characteristics of low cost, high resource utilization rate and the like.
2. The invention has simple and reasonable component design:
si is one of the most important alloy elements in Al-Si die casting alloy, and mainly has the effects of improving the fluidity and the casting forming performance, reducing the thermal expansion coefficient and the shrinkage rate of the alloy and improving the compactness of a casting. In general, the content of Si is best at the eutectic point (12.6%), but under the non-equilibrium solidification condition, the Al-Si eutectic point component is moved forward, namely 10-12% can obtain the eutectic structure;
ni, Fe, Cr and Mn are transition elements, have the characteristics of high melting point, low solid solubility and the like, and form Al3High-temperature phases (also referred to as excess phases) such as Ni, AlFeSi, alfermnsi, and alfermncrsi, which significantly inhibit the slip and dislocation motion of grain boundaries, improve strength and hardness, and reduce plasticity and toughness; the higher the melting point of the excess phase, the more complex the composition and structure, the more stable at high temperature, and the better the strengthening effect; excess phaseThe more the quantity of the reinforcing agent is, the finer the reinforcing agent is, the better the reinforcing effect is;
however, the price of Ni is relatively expensive, and the content of Ni in the secondary aluminum is generally low, so that the additional addition is needed, and the alloy cost is increased; fe, Mn and Cr are common impurity elements in the secondary aluminum, and are not required to be added additionally, so that the cost is low;
therefore, the higher contents of Fe, Mn and Cr can effectively reduce the mucosa characteristics of the alloy on the one hand, and on the other hand, the higher contents of Fe, Mn and Cr can form heat-resistant phases such as AlFeSi, AlFeMnSi, AlFeMnCrSi and the like with Al and Si to replace the effects of Ni and Cu on the resistance performance; however, the higher contents of Mn, Fe and Cr are liable to form coarse iron-rich phases, which are unfavorable for the plasticity of the alloy.
In order to solve the problem, the invention limits the contents of Mn and Cr while improving the content of Fe, reduces the numerical value of a Slagging Factor (SF) ═ Fe% +2 Mn% +3 Cr%), and reduces the possibility of forming coarse primary iron-rich phases in the melt treatment process; meanwhile, the element B is added, so that the forming temperature of the primary iron-rich phase is reduced, and the needle-shaped iron-rich phase which is synergistically modified with Mn, Cr and the like is promoted to form fine and dispersedly distributed particles and Chinese character shapes in high-speed filling type die-casting forming, and the existence of the needle-shaped iron-rich phase is reduced;
mg is the main strengthening element of the alloy, forms supersaturated solid solution of Mg under the rapid cooling condition of die-casting forming, combines with the subsequent artificial aging treatment, adjusts the Mg2The precipitation state of the Si strengthening phase improves the room temperature mechanical property of the casting.
In summary, in the components and the preparation method of the heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the invention, the alloy flow property is ensured to be optimal, and the heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy is suitable for die-casting molding; secondly, a cheap impurity element Fe is used for replacing Ni and Cu, so that the alloy cost is effectively reduced, the size of the iron-rich phase is refined through Mn, Cr, B and other composite modification technologies, fine and dispersedly distributed granular and Chinese character-shaped iron-rich phases are prepared, and the high-temperature strength of the alloy is guaranteed; and finally, high-content Mg is added, and die-casting forming and artificial aging treatment are combined to ensure that the alloy has high room-temperature mechanical properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of tensile mechanical properties at room temperature and elevated temperature for alloys prepared in examples 1-4;
FIG. 2 micrograph of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated and understood by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1:
the design components are as follows: al-12% Si-1.2% Fe-1.0% Mg-0.6% Ni-0.3% Mn-0.1% Cr-0.01% B; namely, the alloy consists of 12 percent of Si, 1.2 percent of Fe, 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Ni, 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.1 percent of Cr, 0.01 percent of B and the balance of Al;
(1) adding the sorted, cleaned and preheated waste aluminum materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 ℃, and sampling the middle position of the melt after remelting to test the chemical components of the melt;
(2) comparing the difference of the main alloy element content in the design component and the actually measured component, including high-melting-point additives such as Si, Ni, Fe, Cr and the like, heating to 760 ℃, and adjusting the content of the alloy elements and the melt temperature by supplementing raw materials;
(3) adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and then adding low-melting-point alloys such as Mg ingots, Al-B intermediate alloys and the like;
(4) casting the melt into ingots after online refining, heat preservation and slag skimming, and supplying the ingots to a pressure casting unit after remelting to prepare high-heat-resistant aluminum alloy pressure castings;
(5) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h;
(6) and testing the mechanical properties of the casting at room temperature and 350 ℃.
Example 2:
the design components are as follows: al-12% Si-1.4% Fe-0.95% Mg-0.5% Ni-0.2% Mn-0.12% Cr-0.03% B; namely, the alloy consists of 12 percent of Si, 1.4 percent of Fe, 0.95 percent of Mg, 0.5 percent of Ni, 0.2 percent of Mn, 0.12 percent of Cr, 0.03 percent of B and the balance of Al;
(1) adding the sorted, cleaned and preheated waste aluminum materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 760 ℃, and sampling the middle position of the melt after remelting to test the chemical components of the melt;
(2) comparing the difference of the contents of main alloy elements in the designed components and the actually measured components, including high-melting-point additives such as Si, Ni, Fe, Cr and the like, heating to 780 ℃, and adjusting the contents of the alloy elements and the melt temperature by supplementing raw materials;
(3) adjusting the temperature of the melt to 740 ℃, and then adding low-melting-point alloys such as Mg ingots, Al-B intermediate alloys and the like;
(4) casting the melt into ingots/casting the melt into a heat preservation furnace after online refining, heat preservation and slag skimming, and supplying/directly supplying to a die casting unit after remelting to prepare high-heat-resistant aluminum alloy die castings;
(5) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting, wherein the aging temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 h;
(6) and testing the mechanical properties of the casting at room temperature and 350 ℃.
Example 3:
the design components are as follows:
al-10% Si-0.9% Fe-1.35% Mg-0.7% Ni-0.25% Mn-0.08% Cr-0.02% B; namely, 10% of Si, 0.9% of Fe, 1.35% of Mg, 0.7% of Ni, 0.25% of Mn, 0.08% of Cr, 0.02% of B and the balance of Al.
(1) Adding the sorted, cleaned and preheated waste aluminum materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 750 ℃, and sampling the middle position of the melt after remelting to test the chemical components of the melt;
(2) comparing the difference of the main alloy element content in the design component and the actually measured component, including high-melting-point additives such as Si, Ni, Fe, Cr and the like, heating to 750 ℃, and adjusting the content of the alloy elements and the melt temperature by supplementing raw materials;
(3) adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and then adding low-melting-point alloys such as Mg ingots, Al-B intermediate alloys and the like;
(4) casting the melt into ingots after online refining, heat preservation and slag skimming, and supplying the ingots to a pressure casting unit after remelting to prepare high-heat-resistant aluminum alloy pressure castings;
(5) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting, wherein the aging temperature is 165 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 h;
(6) and testing the mechanical properties of the casting at room temperature and 350 ℃.
Example 4:
the design components are as follows:
al-11% Si-1.0% Fe-1.2% Mg-0.75% Ni-0.25% Mn-0.12% Cr-0.015% B; namely, 11% of Si, 1.0% of Fe, 1.2% of Mg, 0.75% of Ni, 0.25% of Mn, 0.12% of Cr, 0.015% of B and the balance of Al.
(1) Adding the sorted, cleaned and preheated waste aluminum materials into a smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 760 ℃, and sampling the middle position of the melt after remelting to test the chemical components of the melt;
(2) comparing the difference of the contents of main alloy elements in the designed components and the actually measured components, and including high-melting-point additives such as Si, Ni, Fe, Cr and the like; heating to 770 ℃, and adjusting the content of the alloy elements and the melt temperature by supplementing raw materials;
(3) adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720 ℃, and then adding low-melting-point alloys such as Mg ingots, Al-B intermediate alloys and the like;
(4) casting the melt into a heat preservation furnace after online refining, heat preservation and slag skimming, and directly supplying the melt to a die casting unit to prepare a high heat-resistant aluminum alloy die casting;
(5) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting, wherein the aging temperature is 155 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h;
(6) and testing the mechanical properties of the casting at room temperature and 350 ℃.
As shown in FIG. 1, the tensile strength of the alloys of examples 1-4 at room temperature can reach 300MPa, and the instantaneous tensile strength at 350 ℃ can reach 180MPa, so that the mechanical properties are greatly improved compared with those of the single aluminum alloy.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized in that the regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: the content of Si is 10.0-12.0%, the content of Ni is 0.50-0.75%, and the content of Mg is 0.95-1.35%; 0.9 to 1.4 percent of Fe, 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Mn, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Cr, 0.015 to 0.03 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
2. The method for producing a heat-resistant recycled aluminum die-casting alloy as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) proportioning according to a proportion, mixing the sorted, cleaned and preheated waste aluminum materials with other Si, Ni, Fe, Mn and Cr high-melting-point elements, adding the mixture into a smelting furnace, and smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is set to 750-; sampling the melt solution after remelting at the middle position of the melt, and testing the chemical components of the melt;
(2) comparing the difference between the designed components and the content of main alloy elements in the sampling components in the step (1), wherein the main alloy elements comprise high-melting-point elements such as Si, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr and the like, then heating the smelting furnace to 750-780 ℃, and adjusting the main alloy components to the designed range by supplementing raw materials;
(3) adjusting the temperature of the melt to 720-740 ℃, and then adding low-melting-point alloys such as Mg ingot, Al-B intermediate alloy and the like;
(4) after on-line refining, heat preservation and slag removal, the melt is poured into ingots for remelting and then is supplied to a die casting unit or is poured into a heat preservation furnace for direct supply to the die casting unit, and a high-heat-resistant aluminum alloy die casting is prepared;
(5) and (3) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the casting, wherein the aging temperature is 155-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 h.
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| CN113564431A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-29 | 广州立中锦山合金有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy for wheel hub and preparation method thereof |
| CN114015914A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-08 | 上海嘉朗实业南通智能科技有限公司 | High-strength high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114908275A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-08-16 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116377290A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-07-04 | 栋梁铝业有限公司 | Regenerated aluminum alloy for automobile auxiliary frame |
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