CN111924881B - Molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111924881B
CN111924881B CN202010754778.7A CN202010754778A CN111924881B CN 111924881 B CN111924881 B CN 111924881B CN 202010754778 A CN202010754778 A CN 202010754778A CN 111924881 B CN111924881 B CN 111924881B
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molybdenum disulfide
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molybdenum
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CN111924881A (en
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仰永军
许聪智
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Inner Mongolia Kaijin New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G39/00Compounds of molybdenum
    • C01G39/06Sulfides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815Sulfides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of firstly mixing a graphene oxide solution, a nitrogen-containing precursor and sulfur-containing and molybdenum-containing precursors in a solvent to obtain a precursor mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to be alkalescent, continuously stirring for reacting for 2-24 h, and then drying and crushing to form precursor powder; and fully and uniformly mixing the precursor powder and the selenium powder, transferring the mixture to a microwave reactor, and performing microwave irradiation to prepare the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material. The preparation method is simple to operate, convenient to prepare and high in production efficiency, large-scale industrial mass production can be realized, and the prepared battery cathode material is high in energy density and good in cycle performance.

Description

Molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Molybdenum disulfide as a graphene-like layered material has wide application in the fields of lubrication, catalysis and the like, and has huge application prospects in the field of lithium ion battery cathode materials. The theoretical capacity of the lithium ion battery cathode material can reach 670mAh/g. However, molybdenum disulfide has a relatively low conductivity and its structure is prone to decomposition during battery charge and discharge cycles. Therefore, it is currently studied to improve battery performance by compounding it with a conductive carbon material.
The graphene has the advantages of large surface area, good conductivity, good flexibility, stable electrochemical performance and the like, is used for a lithium ion battery cathode material, has excellent lithium desorption and insertion performance, and can be used as a buffer layer to prevent nanoparticles from agglomerating in a circulation process, so that the graphene is widely applied to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. However, graphene has a smooth and inert surface, which is not conducive to the recombination with other materials, thus hindering the application thereof. The N atoms and the C atoms have approximate atomic radii and can be used as electron donors to dope the graphene in a substitution mode, and the generated N-doped graphene shows a plurality of excellent performances, such as opening an energy band gap, adjusting the conductivity type, changing the electronic structure of the graphene, and improving the free carrier density of the graphene, so that the conductivity and the stability of the graphene are improved, the active sites of metal particles adsorbed on the surface of the graphene are increased, and the like.
Bimetallic catalysts generally exhibit superior catalytic reaction performance compared to single metal component catalysts due to synergistic effects. Therefore, the nitrogen-doped graphene material, the molybdenum disulfide and the bimetallic catalyst are combined to construct a novel nano structure, the electrochemical performance of the composite material is expected to be improved, and the method has important significance in the fields of energy, catalysis, electronics and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material which is more reasonable and effective, has large nitrogen doping amount and obviously improved activity of a bimetallic catalyst and can effectively combine graphene and molybdenum disulfide and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material comprises the following steps:
mixing a graphene oxide solution, a nitrogen-containing precursor, a sulfur-containing precursor and a molybdenum-containing precursor in a solvent to obtain a precursor mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to be alkalescent, continuously stirring for reacting for 2-24 h, and then drying and crushing to form precursor powder;
and step two, fully and uniformly mixing the precursor powder and the selenium powder, transferring the mixture into a microwave reactor, and performing microwave irradiation to prepare the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the nitrogen-containing precursor is 2-methylimidazole; the sulfur-containing precursor is thiourea, and the molybdenum-containing precursor is ammonium tetrathiomolybdate.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the solvent is deionized water or alcohol, and the alcohol is one of methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the pH value is 9-12.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the drying temperature is 60-90 ℃.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, after the crushing, the particle size of the precursor powder is 100-300 meshes.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the mixing mode is ball milling mixing, and the ball milling ratio is that the ball powder ratio is 10-20: 1, the rotating speed is 150-250 r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-24 h.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the microwave irradiation power is 800-1600W, and the time duration is 1-30 min.
As an improved technical scheme of the invention, the molar ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the sulfur-containing precursor is 1: 3-5, wherein the mass ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the graphene oxide is 1: 5-10, wherein the mass ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the nitrogen-containing precursor is 1: 0.5-1, wherein the mass ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the selenium powder is 1:0.05 to 0.1.
The invention also provides a molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material which is prepared by adopting the method.
Advantageous effects
The method has the advantages of simple operation, convenient preparation and high production efficiency, and can realize large-scale industrial mass production. The graphene oxide solution, the nitrogen-containing precursor, the sulfur-containing precursor and the molybdenum-containing precursor are dispersed in the solution before reaction, and the solution phase improves the dispersion uniformity of all reaction raw materials, so that N, mu and S elements can be fully and uniformly dispersed and coated on the surface of a graphene oxide sheet layer, and the aggregation of nano particles can be effectively prevented. In addition, the pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to be in a weak alkaline environment, and then the mixed solution is dried and crushed to form precursor powder. The particle size of the precursor powder is controlled within a proper range, so that the precursor powder and selenium powder can be fully mixed, selenium can be uniformly doped into the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material, and the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material powder has good conductivity, so that the electrochemical performance of the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is improved. The microwave irradiation can realize rapid temperature rise, so that the precursor powder and the selenium powder are rapidly pyrolyzed, a catalyst which is more uniformly distributed and smaller in size is formed, more catalytic active sites are exposed, and the electrochemical performance of the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is remarkably improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to more fully understand the invention.
Example 1
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 2g/L, dissolving 250mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 292mg of thiourea and 200mg of 2-methylimidazole in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 11, continuously stirring and reacting for 8 hours, then putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying, and crushing the solution into 200 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder and 20mg of selenium powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 15:1, the rotation speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 10 hours, precursor powder and selenium powder are fully mixed, and then the mixture is transferred to a microwave reactor for micro-blog irradiation, the irradiation power is 1200W, and the irradiation time is 3 minutes, so that the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is prepared.
Example 2
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 1g/L, dissolving 100mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 146mg of thiourea and 100mg of 2-methylimidazole in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 12, continuously stirring and reacting for 2 hours, then putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, drying, and crushing the solution into 100 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder and 10mg of selenium powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 20:1, the rotating speed is 150r/min, the ball milling time is 24h, the precursor powder and the selenium powder are fully mixed, and then the mixture is transferred to a microwave reactor for micro-blog irradiation, the irradiation power is 1600W, and the irradiation time is 1min, so that the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is prepared.
Example 3
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 3g/L, dissolving 600mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 526mg of thiourea and 300mg of 2-methylimidazole in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9, continuously stirring and reacting for 24 hours, then putting the solution into a 90 ℃ vacuum drying oven for drying, and crushing the solution into 300 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder and 30mg of selenium powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 10:1, the rotating speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 1h, the precursor powder and the selenium powder are fully mixed, and then the mixture is transferred to a microwave reactor for microblog irradiation, the irradiation power is 800W, and the irradiation time is 30min, so that the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is prepared.
Comparative example 1
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, dissolving 250mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 292mg of thiourea and 200mg of 2-methylimidazole in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 11, continuously stirring and reacting for 8 hours, then putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃, drying, and crushing the solution into 200 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 15:1, rotating speed is 200r/min, ball milling time is 10h, and then transferring to a microwave reactor for micro-blog irradiation, wherein irradiation power is 1200W, and irradiation time is 3min, so as to prepare the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material.
Comparative example 2
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 2g/L, dissolving 250mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and 292mg of thiourea in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 11, continuously stirring and reacting for 8 hours, then putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying, and crushing the solution into 200 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder and 20mg of selenium powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 15:1, the rotation speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 10 hours, precursor powder and selenium powder are fully mixed, and then the mixture is transferred to a microwave reactor for micro-blog irradiation, the irradiation power is 1200W, and the irradiation time is 3 minutes, so that the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is prepared.
Comparative example 3
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 2g/L, dissolving 250mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 292mg of thiourea and 200mg of 2-methylimidazole in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 5, continuously stirring and reacting for 8 hours, then putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying, and crushing the solution into 200 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder and 20mg of selenium powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 15:1, the rotating speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 10h, and the precursor powder and the selenium powder are fully mixed to prepare the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material.
Comparative example 4
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 2g/L, dissolving 250mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 292mg of thiourea and 200mg of 2-methylimidazole in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 11, continuously stirring and reacting for 8 hours, then putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying, and crushing the solution into 10 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder and 20mg of selenium powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 15:1, the rotation speed is 200r/min, the ball milling time is 10 hours, precursor powder and selenium powder are fully mixed, and then the mixture is transferred to a microwave reactor for micro-blog irradiation, the irradiation power is 1200W, and the irradiation time is 3 minutes, so that the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is prepared.
Comparative example 5
Taking graphene oxide powder, ultrasonically dispersing the graphene oxide powder in 1L of deionized water to form graphene oxide dispersion liquid, wherein the concentration of graphene oxide is 2g/L, dissolving 250mg of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 292mg of thiourea and 200mg of 2-methylimidazole in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 11, continuously stirring and reacting for 8 hours, then putting the solution into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying, and crushing the solution into 900 meshes to prepare precursor powder. Putting the precursor powder and 20mg of selenium powder into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling ratio is 15:1, fully mixing precursor powder and selenium powder at the rotating speed of 200r/min for 10 hours in ball milling time, and transferring the mixture to a microwave reactor for microblogging irradiation, wherein the irradiation power is 1200W, and the irradiation time is 3 minutes, so that the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material is prepared.
Preparing a negative pole piece: the method comprises the following steps of mixing a molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material, acetylene black and PVDF according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1 grinding in a mortar for more than 20min, and fully mixing the three. Adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) dropwise and stirring for 8 hours at room temperature under the action of a magnetic stirrer to obtain a paste material. The paste was poured onto a current collector (nickel sheet) uniformly and the sheet was coated to a thickness of about 150 μm with a hand coater. Drying at 80 deg.C for 12h, and drying at 120 deg.C for 12h. And cutting the obtained product into circular pole pieces with the diameter of about 1.2cm by a slicer, and reserving the circular pole pieces to be assembled into the button cell.
Assembling the button cell: the button cell is of a CR2016 type and is assembled in a glove box. The protective gas in the glove box is argon, and the partial pressure of water and oxygen is lower than 1ppm. Sequentially assembling a positive electrode shell, a gasket, a lithium sheet, a diaphragm, a negative electrode sheet and the gasket which are matched with the CR2016, and dropwise adding a proper amount of electrolyte among the lithium sheet, the diaphragm and the negative electrode sheet to enable the diaphragm and the negative electrode sheet to be fully soaked by the electrolyte. And finally, sealing and compacting the assembled analog button cell under the pressure of about 4 Mpa. The assembled battery is stood for 8 to 12 hours at room temperature, and is subjected to charge and discharge tests under the voltage range of 0.01 to 3.0V and the current density of 100mA/g, and the first charge and discharge capacity and the charge and discharge capacity after 200 charge and discharge tests are shown in the table.
Figure BDA0002610344000000081
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material comprises the following steps:
mixing a graphene oxide solution, a nitrogen-containing precursor, a sulfur-containing precursor and a molybdenum-containing precursor in a solvent to obtain a precursor mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to be alkaline, continuously stirring and reacting for 2-24 h, and then drying and crushing to form precursor powder;
fully and uniformly mixing the precursor powder and selenium powder, transferring the mixture into a microwave reactor, and performing microwave irradiation to prepare a molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material;
the nitrogen-containing precursor is 2-methylimidazole, the sulfur-containing precursor is thiourea, and the molybdenum-containing precursor is ammonium tetrathiomolybdate;
the pH value is 9-12;
after the crushing, the particle size of the precursor powder is 100-300 meshes.
2. The method for preparing the molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solvent is deionized water and alcohol, and the alcohol is one of methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol.
3. The method for preparing the molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drying temperature is 60-90 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mixing mode is ball milling mixing, and the ball milling ratio is that the ball powder ratio is 10-20: 1, the rotating speed is 150-250 r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-24 h.
5. The method for preparing the molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microwave irradiation power is 800-1600W, and the time duration is 1-30 min.
6. The method for preparing the molybdenum disulfide battery cathode material according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the sulfur-containing precursor is 1: 3-5, wherein the mass ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the graphene oxide is 1: 5-10, wherein the mass ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the nitrogen-containing precursor is 1: 0.5-1, wherein the mass ratio of the molybdenum-containing precursor to the selenium powder is 1:0.05 to 0.1.
7. A molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material, which is prepared by the preparation method of the molybdenum disulfide battery negative electrode material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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Citations (4)

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WO2016202141A1 (en) * 2015-06-13 2016-12-22 田东 Tin/graphene oxide negative-electrode material for lithium batteries and preparation method therefor
CN109904395A (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-18 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of molybdenum disulfide-graphene composite material
CN110534738A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-12-03 中南大学 A kind of dianion cobalt-based selenium sulfide and preparation method thereof

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