CN1119217A - Regeneration smelting process for oxide skin of high-speed tool steel - Google Patents

Regeneration smelting process for oxide skin of high-speed tool steel Download PDF

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CN1119217A
CN1119217A CN 95111321 CN95111321A CN1119217A CN 1119217 A CN1119217 A CN 1119217A CN 95111321 CN95111321 CN 95111321 CN 95111321 A CN95111321 A CN 95111321A CN 1119217 A CN1119217 A CN 1119217A
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oxide skin
steel
smelting
tool steel
speed tool
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CN1042655C (en
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孙善长
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The regeneration smelting process of high-speed tool steel oxide skin belongs to the metal thermal reduction process in pyrometallurgy. The method comprises the steps of classifying and processing oxide skin, baking, crushing and screening, batching and mixing, reducing and smelting, adjusting components and refining for a short time so as to simultaneously reduce precious metal elements (such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium and the like) and iron in the oxide skin of the high-speed tool steel and remelt the iron into the original steel grade. The recovery rate of the metal is more than 80 percent, thereby saving a large amount of precious metal and energy for the country, protecting the environment and changing waste into valuables. The invention is suitable for the regeneration smelting process of oxide skins of high-alloy tool and die steel, stainless steel, corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel and high-temperature alloy steel.

Description

The regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel
The invention belongs to the metallothermic reduction technology in the pyrometallurgy.
At present, each rapid steel manufacturer of China and certain applications producer to the iron scale (being also referred to as iron scale) that in production, processing and treating processes, is produced do more refuse abandon or reclaim use unreasonable.This had both wasted a large amount of noble metal element (as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium etc.), had caused the pollution of environment again.
The objective of the invention is at the problems referred to above, proposed a kind of regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel.This technology utilizes the chemical heat effect that oxide skin is carried out reducing and smelting by the theory and the method for metallothermic reduction in the pyrometallurgy, and makes it revert back to former steel grade.Thereby save a large amount of noble metals and the energy, protected environment, turn waste into wealth, realize the comprehensive utilization of resource.
The present invention all is equally applicable to the high alloy mould steel, and the regeneration of stainless steel, corrosionproof heatproof steel and high-temperature alloy steel oxide skin is smelted.
The present invention may further comprise the steps successively: the collection classification of oxide skin; Baking, crushing and screening, batching and batch mixing are constructed the baking shaft-type furnace, add bed material and priming mixture, igniting is reinforced smelts, slagging with convert molten steel, composition adjustment and refining, tapping and ingot casting.
1, the collection of oxide skin and classification
This processing requirement oxide skin is the oxide skin of single steel grade, so just can revert back to former steel grade.Therefore should divide steel grade to collect and classification (but the approaching steel grade normalizing class of composition).Each constituent content sees Table shown in one in the rapid steel oxide skin.
Table one, oxide skin of high-speed tool steel component content
Element term ???C ???W ???Mo ???Cr ????Co ???V ???Si ???Mn ???S ????P ???Al
Content (%) ?0.10 ??/ ?0.30 ??6.80 ???/ ??18.0 ???3.0 ????/ ???7.0 ???3.0 ????/ ???6.0 ???2.0 ????/ ???6.0 ?1.0 ??/ ?3.0 ?≤0.40 ?≤0.40 ?≤0.03 ?≤0.03 ?≤0.10
2, baking
Oxide skin is to forge, producing in the rolling and heat-processed, therefore must remove deoil, water.Its storing temperature is 200~500 ℃.Storing time is 30~60 minutes.Usually with eliminate oil, water is as the criterion.
3, broken and screening
Oxide skin should be carried out fragmentation and screening after baking, its granularity is 60 order to 20 orders.
4, batching and batch mixing
The proportioning of furnace charge is to calculate according to the composition analysis data of each charge composition and theory and experimental formula.Furnace charge is made up of major ingredient, reductive agent and slag former.Its technical requirements and proportioning are: major ingredient is an oxide skin of high-speed tool steel, and it is stated above technical requirements, accounts for 68~78% (weight percents, as follows) in furnace charge.Reductive agent is made up of aluminium powder, ferrosilicon powder and carbon dust.Wherein, the aluminum content of aluminium powder should be greater than 90%, and granularity is that 20 orders are to 1mm.The ferrosilicon powder silicon content should be greater than 72%, and granularity is 60 order to 20 orders, and the carbon dust carbon content should be greater than 85%, and granularity is 60 order to 20 orders.In combined reducing agent, aluminium powder accounts for 15~20%, and ferrosilicon powder accounts for 2~5%, and carbon dust accounts for 1~3%.This technology also can adopt aluminium powder to make single reductive agent, and at this moment, aluminium powder accounts for 15~25% in furnace charge.But from techno-economic effect, combined reducing agent is better than single reductive agent.Slag former is lime or magnesia or the mixture of the two, and wherein the ratio of mixture of the two is the combination of single slag former weight percentage ranges.The content that requires CaO in the lime is greater than 85%, H 2O is less than 1.5%, granularity be 20 orders to 1mm, its consumption accounts for 3~8% in furnace charge.
Above furnace charge is taken by weighing respectively, and all furnace charges mixing in mixer that will be except that aluminium powder, if artificial mixing during low capacity, and be baked to 200~400 ℃.
5, construct the baking shaft-type furnace
Reducing and smelting carries out in a kind of shaft-type furnace.See shown in the accompanying drawing 1.Shaft-type furnace is contained in the asbestos plate [2] on box hat inwall and the bottom by box hat [1], the slag notch [4] on refractory brick of building by laying bricks or stones on the asbestos plate [3] and shaft, and tap hole [5] and suspension ring [6] are formed.Smelt the placket inner lining of furnace and be baked to 400~800 ℃.
6, add bed material and priming mixture
Reinforced preceding with the capable again mixing of the furnace charge after aluminium powder and the baking.Add the small part furnace charge in the stove bottom and make bed material, do a small rut on bed material top, add the priming mixture of being made up of magnesium powder and Potcrate in the hole, its weight percentages of components is:
Magnesium powder: Potcrate=(80~88%): (12~20%).
7, igniting and reinforced the smelting
Be placed on priming mixture up-igniting magnesium powder after cotton ball soaked in alcohol caught fire, thereby make the bed material temperature reaction form the initial stage molten bath, evenly add residue whole furnace charges (feed rate is as the criterion so that big splash not to take place) subsequently continuously.
8, the molten metal composition that restores sees Table two.
Table two, reduction gained molten metal composition
Element term ???C ???W ???Mo ???Cr ???Co ???V ????Si ????Mn ?????S ?????P ????Al
Content (%) ?0.10 ??/ ?2.0 ??6.0 ??/ ?20.0 ??3.0 ???/ ??7.0 ??1.5 ???/ ??6.0 ??1.5 ???/ ??6.0 ??0.3 ???/ ??2.0 ???0.10 ????/ ???5.0 ???0.10 ????/ ????0.5 ????0.01 ?????/ ????0.10 ???0.01 ????/ ???0.10 ???0.01 ????/ ???1.0
9, slagging and convert molten steel
The furnace charge total overall reaction finishes back standing sedimentation 3 to 8 minutes, opens a stove slag notch and emits most of slags, molten metal is poured in the electric furnace, and the sampling analysis chemical ingredients.
10, composition adjustment and refining
According to the sample analysis result, in stove, adjust chemical ingredients to the grade of steel requirement, see Table shown in three.Simultaneously, make reducing slag and carry out refining in short-term, be generally 20~40 minutes.
Table three, rapid tool steel finished product chemical ingredients
Element term ???C ???W ???Mo ???Cr ???Co ???V ???Si ???Mn ???S ???P ?????Al
Content (%) ?0.70 ???/ ?1.30 ??6.0 ??/ ?18.0 ??3.0 ???/ ??7.0 ???3.0 ????/ ???6.0 ???2.0 ???/ ???6.0 ??1.0 ???/ ??3.0 ?≤0.40 ?≤0.40 ?≤0.03 ?≤0.03 ????0.05 ?????/ ????0.1
11, tapping and ingot casting
When chemical ingredients is qualified, the ingot casting of can tapping after temperature is also qualified.More than two step operations all routinely process for making carry out.
Be M with a concrete rapid tool steel below 2(grade of steel is W to steel 6Mo 5Cr 4V 2) regeneration of oxide skin smelts implementation process of the present invention and techno-economic effect thereof are described.
One, M 2The chemical ingredients of steel oxidation skin
Beyond the de-carbon (because of the oxidation products of carbon is a gas), the content in raw steel is identical with it for the percentage composition of other each element in its oxide skin, sees Table shown in four.Carbon in the oxide skin has only 0.10~0.30% usually.
Two, M 2The finished product composition of steel (national standard requirement)
Table four, M 2The finished product composition of rapid steel
Element term ???C ????W ???Mo ???Cr ????V ???Si ???Mn ???S ????P
Content (%) ?0.80 ???/ ?0.90 ??5.50 ???/ ??6.50 ??4.50 ???/ ??5.50 ??3.80 ???/ ??4.40 ??1.70 ???/ ??2.20 ?≤0.40 ?≤0.40 ?≤0.03 ?≤0.03
Three, starting material and technical qualification
1.M 2The steel oxidation skin, baking back crushing and screening, 200~300 ℃ of storing temperatures, granularity is 60~20 orders.
2. aluminium powder, aluminum content (90~98) %, granularity is that 20 orders are to 1mm;
3. ferrosilicon powder, silicon content (72~80) %, granularity is 60 order to 20 orders;
4. lime powder, CaO content (85~90) %, H 2O content 1.0~1.5%, granularity are that 20 orders are to 1mm.
5. carbon dust, carbon content, 85~95%, granularity are 60~20 orders.
Four, the composition of furnace charge (low capacity stove)
1.M 2The steel oxidation skin accounts for (70~75) this example of % and gets 25 kilograms
2. aluminium powder accounts for (15~20) this example of % and gets 6 kilograms
3. ferrosilicon powder accounts for (2~4) this example of % and gets 1.0 kilograms
4. carbon dust accounts for (1~2) this example of % and gets 0.4 kilogram
5. lime powder accounts for (5~8) this example of % and gets 2.0 kilograms
6. priming mixture is made up of 16 gram magnesium powder and 4 gram Potcrate.
Five, smelting technology step
1, above-mentioned each component furnace charge except that aluminium powder is poured in the stainless steel charging tray after the weighing respectively, be baked to 200~300 ℃ behind the artificial mixing.
2, the tube inner lining of furnace that will build certainly is baked to 400~500 ℃.
3,, add 2 kilograms of furnace charges at the tube furnace bottom and make bed material with aluminium powder and baked furnace charge mixing.
4, make a small rut on bed material top, add priming mixture in the hole.
5, the priming mixture that ignites after cotton ball soaked in alcohol is caught fire.
6, igniter burning forms initial stage high temperature molten bath after making the bed material temperature reaction.
7, evenly add (hand-fed) continuously and all remain furnace charge, feed rate is as the criterion so that serious splash not to take place.
8, reaction finishes, and standing sedimentation is emitted most of slag after 4 minutes.
9, molten metal is poured into (this example adopts induction furnace) in the induction furnace, sample is analyzed composition in the middle of getting, and makes the reducing slag refining.
10, the composition adjustment is qualified, the qualified back tapping of temperature ingot casting.
Six, effect
1, sees Table five by the resulting molten metal composition of reducing and smelting
Table five, reduction gained molten steel component
Element term ???C ???W ???Mo ???Cr ????V ???Si ???Mn ???S ????P ????Al
Content (%) ?0.10 ???/ ??2.0 ??5.0 ???/ ?10.0 ???4.0 ????/ ???8.0 ??0.50 ???/ ???4.0 ??0.30 ???/ ???2.0 ??0.10 ????/ ??5.0 ??0.10 ????/ ???0.5 ??0.01 ????/ ??0.10 ??0.01 ????/ ??0.10 ??0.01 ????/ ???1.0
2, experiment showed, about 20 kilograms of 25 kilograms of oxide skin containing metals, contain about 4 kilograms of oxygen, smelt real 16.80 kilograms on the metal that gets in back, the rate of recovery is 84%.
3, the noble metal tungsten that reclaims from 16.8 kilograms of steel is 1.1 kilograms, and molybdenum is 0.75 kilogram, and chromium is 0.42 kilogram, and vanadium is 0.2 kilogram, reclaims 14 kilograms of iron simultaneously.
4, by the market value estimation (being as the criterion with 1000 kilograms of oxide skins) of each metal at present, the alloying element that only calculates recovery is worth and is about 0.72 ten thousand yuan, and about 0.4 ten thousand yuan of deduction cost can be made profits 0.32 ten thousand yuan.
5, also can produce value-rising after becoming qualified M2 steel by electrosmelting.
Therefore, can find out that the present invention has obvious Technological Economy and social benefit.
1, can be for country save a large amount of precious metal elements, China produces more than 40,000 ton of high-speed tool steel per year, has 3~6% to become oxide skin, loses 1200~2400 tons.
2, turn waste into wealth, take full advantage of resource, protected environment.
3, increase benefit for the enterprise that produces oxide skin.
4, this technology utilization chemical calorific effect is smelted, so do not consume any extra power (only using electric furnace when later stage in short-term refining).
5, technological operation is simple, and use equipment is few, and the place takies little, also must not use special source materials.
6, production scale and product form can arbitrarily be adjusted according to actual conditions, by several kilograms to several tons in every stove. Also can only produce reduction steel ingot (as without electric furnace the time), resupply steel mill's steel that manufacture a finished product.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel, the collection classification, baking, the crushing and screening that comprise oxide skin successively, batching and batch mixing, construct the baking shaft-type furnace, add bed material and priming mixture, the reinforced smelting of igniting, slagging, standing sedimentation molten steel, composition analysis and adjustment, tapping and ingot casting; It is characterized in that:
(1). make each constituent content following (weight percentage) of collecting in the sorted oxide skin of high-speed tool steel:
C?????????W???????Mo???????Cr???????Co?0.10/0.30???6.80/18.0???3.0/7.0????3.0/6.0???2.0/6.0
V??????????Si??????Mn???????S.P??????Al??1.0/3.0???????≤0.40????≤0.40?????≤0.03????≤0.10
(2). with 200~500 ℃ temperature baking oxide skin, storing time is 30~60 minutes;
(3). making the oxide skin granularity behind the crushing and screening is 60~20 orders;
(4). by following weight percentages of components and technical requirements prepared furnace charge;
Rapid tool steel chlorination skin 68~78%
Reductive agent 18~28%
Slag former 3~8%
Wherein:
Reductive agent is an aluminium powder, and ferrosilicon powder and carbon dust three's combination or be single aluminium powder is single; Proportioning is 15~25% during with aluminium powder, and slag former is the two combination of lime or magnesia or its, and it makes up than the combination that is single slag former weight percentage ranges;
The aluminum content of aluminium powder should be greater than 90%, and its granularity is that 20 orders are to 1mm;
The silicon content of ferrosilicon powder should be greater than 72%, and its granularity is 60 order to 20 orders;
The carbon content of carbon dust should be greater than 85%, and its granularity is 60 orders-20 orders;
CaO content in the lime should be greater than 85%, H 2O should be less than 1.5%, and granularity is 20 orders
To 1mm; The weight percentages of components of combined reducing agent is:
Aluminium powder: ferrosilicon powder: carbon dust=(15~20%): (2~5%): (1~3%);
(5). with 200~400 ℃ the mixture charge of temperature baking except that aluminium powder;
(6). the shaft-type furnace liner before will smelting is baked to 400~800 ℃;
(7). treat that the furnace charge total overall reaction finishes back standing sedimentation 3~8 minutes;
(8). make the molten metal composition that restores as follows:
C????????W???????Mo??????Cr??????Co?????V0.10/2.0???6.0/20.0??3.0/7.0???1.5/6.0???1.5/6.0??0.3/2.0
Si???????Mn??????S????????P??????Al0.10/5.0???0.10/0.5??0.01/0.10?0.01/0.1??0.01/1.0
(9). molten steel poured into carry out composition adjustment and refining in short-term in the electric furnace, the time is 20~40 minutes.
2, the regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that a concrete steel grade W in the rapid tool steel 6Mo 5Cr 4V 2The regenerating smelting process of oxide skin may further comprise the steps:
(1). toast this oxide skin with 200~300 ℃ temperature;
(2). the oxide skin fragmentation after will toasting, screening, making its granularity is 60~20 orders;
(3). by the weight percent of following component technical requirements prepared furnace charge when;
W 6Mo 5Cr 4V 2Steel oxidation skin 70~75%
Aluminium powder 15~20%
Ferrosilicon powder 2~4%
Carbon dust 1~2%
Lime powder 5~8%
Wherein:
The aluminum content 90~98% of aluminium powder
Ferrosilicon powder silicon content 72~80%
The carbon content 85~95% of carbon dust
The CaO content of lime powder is 85~90%, contains H 2O is 1.0~1.5%;
(4). with the furnace charge mixing of preparation, and with the baking of 200~300 ℃ temperature;
(5). toast from the shaft-type furnace liner of building with 400~600 ℃ temperature;
(6). furnace charge finishes back standing sedimentation 3~5 minutes in the tube reaction in furnace;
(7). make the composition of reduction gained molten metal as follows:
C???????W???????No???????Cr??????V0.10/2.0??5.0/10.0??4.0/8.0????0.50/4.0??0.30/2.0
Si??????Mn???????S????????p??????Al0.10/5.0??0.10/0.5??0.01/0.10??0.01/0.10?0.01/1.0
3, the regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that this technology is used for the regeneration smelting of high alloy mould steel oxide skin.
4, the regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that this technology is used for the regeneration smelting of stainless steel oxidation skin.
5, the regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that this technology is used for the regeneration smelting of corrosionproof heatproof steel oxidation skin.
6, the regenerating smelting process of oxide skin of high-speed tool steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that this technology is used for the regeneration smelting of high-temperature alloy steel oxide skin.
CN95111321A 1995-04-12 1995-04-12 Regeneration smelting process for oxide skin of high-speed tool steel Expired - Fee Related CN1042655C (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102703681A (en) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 句容市恒祥金属再生利用有限公司 Method for recovering high-speed tool steel from grinding wheel ash
CN103667854A (en) * 2013-12-04 2014-03-26 蚌埠华泰特种钢有限公司 Method for smelting austenitic stainless steel by using stainless steel oxide

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH570463A5 (en) * 1974-05-27 1975-12-15 Von Roll Ag Rolling mill scale recovery in steelworks - by pelletising and sintering, with exhaust-gas-scrubber on sintering plant
JPH02307604A (en) * 1989-05-23 1990-12-20 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method for recovering mill scale

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102703681A (en) * 2012-06-01 2012-10-03 句容市恒祥金属再生利用有限公司 Method for recovering high-speed tool steel from grinding wheel ash
CN103667854A (en) * 2013-12-04 2014-03-26 蚌埠华泰特种钢有限公司 Method for smelting austenitic stainless steel by using stainless steel oxide

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