CN111913225A - Design method for deep well three-component magnetic measurement system - Google Patents
Design method for deep well three-component magnetic measurement system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, which comprises the following steps: s1, generating a probe structure scheme of an underground probe in the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system and a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of a depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system; s2, generating a probe testing scheme of the underground probe based on the probe structure scheme; and S3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing the communication connection between the underground exploring tube and the ground acquisition control system based on the exploring tube structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme. The scheme realizes the improvement of the accuracy of deep positioning and inference interpretation of deep ore body (3000 + 5000m) exploration, and provides powerful support for searching deep and hidden mineral resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground surveying, in particular to a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system.
Background
The high-precision three-component magnetic measuring system for deep well is a magnetic measuring instrument set in well, which is composed of three-component detecting tube in high-precision well, 5000m automatic winch and winch controller, and ground data acquisition system. It is the most effective geophysical prospecting equipment for finding magnet deposits. Particularly, the deep ore body with the buried depth of more than 3000-. The conventional borehole three-component magnetometer in China cannot meet the requirements of deep exploration above 3000-. How to solve the deep location problem of mine deep and the blind ore body, how to solve the problem of "attacking deeply" of three-component magnetometer geophysical prospecting instrument equipment in the well is very urgent.
In addition, the detection depth of the existing small-caliber three-component logging instrument can only reach 3000m at most, the measurement accuracy of the vertical component and the horizontal component is respectively 80nT and 100nT, and the structure and the detection accuracy cannot adapt to higher temperature and pressure along with the increase of the detection depth, so that the small-caliber three-component logging instrument cannot be used in deep well detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, which solves the problem of poor detection capability in a deep well.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system, comprising:
s1, generating a probe structure scheme of an underground probe in the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system and a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of a depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system;
s2, generating a probe testing scheme of the underground probe based on the probe structure scheme;
and S3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing the communication connection between the underground exploring tube and the ground acquisition control system based on the exploring tube structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme.
According to one aspect of the invention, the structural scheme of the probe is used for constructing the structural composition of the downhole probe, wherein the downhole probe comprises: the device comprises a shell, a three-component sensor module arranged in the shell, a data measurement modulation transmission module connected with the three-component sensor module, and a power supply module connected with the three-component sensor module and the data measurement modulation transmission module;
the measurement accuracy of the vertical component and the horizontal component of the three-component sensor module is respectively less than or equal to 50 nT;
the shell is a cylindrical body with one closed end and one opened end, and the opened end of the shell is provided with a joint;
a plurality of sealing structures are arranged at the positions where the opening end of the shell is connected with the joint;
the compressive strength of the shell is greater than or equal to 60 MPa.
According to one aspect of the invention, the power module, the data measurement modulation transmission module and the three-component sensor module are arranged in sequence in the direction away from the opening end of the shell in the shell;
a non-magnetic vacuum heat-insulating pipe used for wrapping the three-component sensor module and the data measurement modulation transmission module is also arranged in the shell;
the temperature rise in the non-magnetic vacuum heat-preservation pipe within 4 hours is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
According to one aspect of the invention, the three-component sensor module comprises: the device comprises a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer, a three-axis accelerometer, a control unit connected with the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and the three-axis accelerometer, and a transmission unit connected with the control unit;
the single component precision of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer in a static state is greater than or equal to 0.1 nT.
The transmission unit, the control unit, the triaxial accelerometer and the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the shell.
According to one aspect of the invention, the three-component sensor module further comprises: the temperature sensor is connected with the control unit;
the control unit collects the electric signal of the temperature sensor and is used for compensating and correcting the output signal of the transmission unit.
According to one aspect of the invention, the data measurement modulation transmission module is used for receiving an output signal of the transmission unit, converting the output signal into a binary signal and outputting the binary signal;
the metal conductor and the components in the power module are sintered on the ceramic chip, and the metal conductor and the components are covered by a heat insulation layer;
the heat insulation layer is filled with organic silicon resin.
According to one aspect of the invention, the probe test scheme comprises: a measuring range test sub-scheme, a magnetic field noise test sub-scheme, a sensitivity test sub-scheme and an orthogonality test sub-scheme; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the measuring range test sub-scheme, ferromagnetic substances are adopted to respectively approach the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer from two opposite directions, and the reading of the saturated three-axis fluxgate magnetometer is read to be used as the measuring range of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer;
in the magnetic field noise testing sub-scheme, the whole underground probe is placed in a shielding cylinder and sealed, the underground probe is electrified and signals are collected, and the collected signals are subjected to frequency spectrum analysis to obtain the noise level of the underground probe;
in the sensitivity testing sub-scheme, the whole underground probe is placed in a shielding cylinder and is sealed, a rotating magnet is close to the shielding cylinder until the frequency of a signal output by the underground probe is consistent with the rotating frequency of the magnet, the magnet is moved in the direction far away from the shielding cylinder until the frequency gain amplitude of the signal output by the underground probe is submerged by noise of the magnet, and the sensitivity of the underground probe is obtained based on the frequency gain amplitude;
in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer and the triaxial accelerometer are obtained, and the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer and the triaxial accelerometer orthogonality error are obtained based on the coaxial error.
According to one aspect of the invention, in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established based on the underground probe, the direction of one coordinate axis is selected as a rotating shaft to rotate the underground probe for one circle, the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms of the reading are obtained, and the coaxiality error is obtained based on the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms; changing different coordinate axes to respectively obtain corresponding coaxiality errors;
the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms are respectively expressed as:
Mn＝E*sin(θ+α)
Ms＝E*sin(θ-α)
where E denotes the earth magnetic field, θ denotes the local geomagnetic inclination angle, and α denotes the deviation angle from the direction of the selected coordinate axis.
According to one aspect of the invention, in the communication link scheme, a 2FSK carrier single-core cable is adopted for signal transmission; in which a binary digital frequency modulation scheme is used to transmit information contained in a signal at the frequency of a carrier.
According to one aspect of the invention, the ground acquisition control system scheme is used for constructing the structural components of the ground acquisition control system, wherein the ground acquisition control system comprises a data acquisition and display device, a ground controller, a winch and a winch controller;
the winch includes: the winch comprises a winch, a cable arrangement device, a power source for driving the winch, a speed reducer arranged between the winch and the power source, and a brake device for braking the winch; the brake device comprises a power source, a speed reducer, a planetary gear speed reducer, a brake device and a brake control device, wherein the power source adopts an alternating current variable frequency motor, the speed reducer adopts a planetary gear speed reducer, and the brake device adopts at least one of manual brake, electric self-locking brake and mechanical self-locking brake;
the winch controller is used for controlling the rotation direction, the parking speed and the running speed of the winch and displaying the cable discharge depth, the cable discharge speed, the cable tension, the power source current, the power source voltage and the power source frequency converter frequency;
the ground controller is used for providing a working power supply and control parameter setting of the underground probe, receiving signal data uploaded by the underground probe, displaying, storing and counting the signal data in real time, and packaging the data.
According to the scheme of the invention, the accuracy of deep positioning and inference interpretation of deep ore body (3000-.
According to the scheme of the invention, the measurement precision is improved, and the three-component measurement depth of the small-caliber magnet is greatly increased. In the aspect of measurement accuracy, a high-accuracy three-axis fluxgate sensor is adopted, the fluxgate accuracy can reach 0.1nT, the sensor is subjected to temperature compensation, three-axis consistency correction, orthogonality correction, sensitivity test and other work through an experiment and calculation method, and the overall measurement accuracy of the three-component sensor can reach a vertical component and a horizontal component is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 50 nT. In the aspect of measuring depth, the temperature and pressure indexes of the deep well need to reach the temperature resistance of 150 ℃ and the pressure resistance of 60MPa, and the requirements of high pressure resistance and high temperature resistance are met.
According to one scheme of the invention, aiming at the requirements of 3000-plus 5000m depth high temperature, all components used by the sensor are high temperature resistant products, the sensor can stably work in a high temperature environment, and meanwhile, the temperature drift and the calibration factor system of the sensor are corrected by the microprocessor, so that the sensor has good output stability in a full temperature environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically representing steps of a design method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a downhole probe according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a sealing structure of an open end of a housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a three-component sensor module according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a connection structure of a data measurement modulation transmission module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating a three-dimensional coordinate system established in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 and 9 are graphs schematically showing waveforms of a 2FSK signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram that schematically illustrates a three-component magnetic sensing system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically illustrating a deck of a winch controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a panel diagram schematically illustrating a floor controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship that is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the associated drawings, which is for convenience and simplicity of description only, and does not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, the above-described terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, which are not repeated herein, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system includes:
s1, generating a probe structure scheme of an underground probe in a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system and a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of a depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system;
s2, generating a probe tube testing scheme of the underground probe tube based on the probe tube structure scheme;
and S3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing communication connection between the underground probe and the ground acquisition control system based on the probe structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme.
As shown in fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a probe structure scheme is used for constructing a structural component of a downhole probe. In this embodiment, the downhole probe comprises: the device comprises a shell 11, a three-component sensor module 12 arranged in the shell 11, a data measurement modulation transmission module 13 connected with the three-component sensor module 12, and a power supply module 14 connected with the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13. In the present embodiment, a non-magnetic vacuum thermal insulation pipe 111 for wrapping the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 is provided in the housing 11. The underground probe pipe is used for working in a depth of 3000m to 5000m, and the stable structure and the internal environment for stable work of internal components can still be ensured under the influence of factors such as slurry, high temperature and the like at the position of the underground probe pipe, so that the stability of the whole underground probe pipe in the deep work and the service life are ensured.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the housing 11 is a cylindrical body with one end closed and one end open, and the open end is provided with a joint 15. In the present embodiment, since the downhole probe of the present invention is used for work at a depth of 3000m to 5000m, the casing 11 has a compressive strength of 60Mpa or more. Through the arrangement, the compressive strength of the casing of the underground probe pipe is greater than or equal to 60Mpa, so that the casing can keep stable in structure under the condition that the casing can still bear larger extrusion force in a deep well, the structural integrity and stability in the casing are effectively protected, and the working stability and the service life of the whole device are further ensured.
In the present embodiment, the housing 11 is made of a nonmagnetic titanium alloy tube having an outer diameter of 60mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm. By adopting the titanium alloy pipe as the shell, the titanium alloy pipe has the advantages of light weight and high pressure resistance, and particularly, the compressive strength of the titanium alloy pipe is several times that of common materials and can reach more than 80 MPa. The shell made of the titanium alloy pipe is light in weight and high in strength, and is very favorable for ensuring the recovery of deep well operation environment, particularly under the condition that the periphery has influence factors such as slurry and the like.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of sealing structures are arranged at positions where the open end of the housing 11 is connected to the joint. In the present embodiment, the joint 15 is a bridle joint. Two sealing structures are arranged at the position where the bridle joint is connected with the opening end of the shell 11, so that the high-pressure resistant effect of the whole underground exploring tube is ensured. In the embodiment, in order to ensure the pressure resistance of the underground exploring tube and the safety of the underground exploring tube, after the underground exploring tube processing device is assembled, the pressure test of the hollow tube high-pressure test well is carried out before a measuring electronic circuit is not installed, and the pressure is kept for four hours under the environment of 60Mpa, so that the whole shell is ensured not to deform and seep water under the high-pressure state.
As shown in fig. 2, in the housing 11, the power module 14, the data measurement modulation transmission module 13, and the three-component sensor module 12 are disposed in this order in a direction away from the open end of the housing 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Through the arrangement, the three-component sensor module 12 is closer to the end part of the shell 11 and is far away from the power module 14, so that accurate and sensitive measurement of the three-component sensor module 12 on the external environment is effectively guaranteed, and the influence of the power module 14 on the measurement precision is effectively avoided.
As shown in fig. 4, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the three-component sensor module 12 includes: a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121, a three-axis accelerometer 122, a control unit 123 connected to the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 and the three-axis accelerometer 122, and a transmission unit 124 connected to the control unit 123. In the present embodiment, the transmission unit 124 employs eight channels AD; in the present embodiment, the transmission unit 124, the control unit 123, the triaxial accelerometer 122, and the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer 121 are sequentially provided along the axial direction of the housing 11.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the measurement accuracy of the vertical and horizontal components of the three-component sensor module 12 is less than or equal to 50nT, respectively. In the present embodiment, the single component accuracy of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 12 in the stationary state is greater than or equal to 0.1 nT. In this embodiment, the three-component sensor module 12 is the core of the entire downhole probe, and the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 senses the change of the azimuth angle and the three-axis accelerometer 122 senses the change of the attitude angle to fuse the measurement results of the two, thereby realizing high-precision real-time output of the azimuth angle of ± 1 degree and the attitude angle of ± 0.1 degree. Through the arrangement, the component precision of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 12 is set in the range, so that the high-progress measurement of the underground probe pipe in the deep well operation is realized, and the key effect on improving the measurement precision of the invention is achieved.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the three-component sensor module 12 further comprises: a temperature sensor connected to the control unit 123. In the present embodiment, the control unit 123 collects the electric signal of the temperature sensor and uses it to perform compensation correction on the output signal of the transmission unit 124. In the present embodiment, the output signals of the three-component sensor module 12 are compensated and corrected in real time by an experimental test method. Specifically, the temperature sensor is directly installed on the circuit board, the zero drift of the circuit caused by temperature change is superposed on the output useful signal, and then the zero drift of the circuit board needs to be collected before the signal is collected, and the specific numerical value of the drift is obtained through tests. The specific method comprises the steps of putting a single circuit board (namely, a circuit board without a temperature sensor) to be debugged into an adjustable temperature control box, adding a standard reference signal, detecting an output signal of the single circuit board, obtaining the change of the output signal along with the continuous change of temperature, and recording the output changes corresponding to different temperatures to obtain a temperature drift data table. Furthermore, after the instrument works to collect signals, the temperature sensor and the temperature drift data table are installed, the corresponding data in the signals are subtracted by the numerical value in the line temperature drift data table, and therefore the influence caused by temperature can be eliminated.
According to the invention, by acquiring the zero drift of the line and generating the zero drift data table, after the temperature sensor is installed on the circuit board, the drift value to be eliminated at the current temperature can be obtained according to the value obtained by the sensor, the obtaining process is more convenient and quicker than formula calculation or interpolation calculation, the compensation precision is highest, and the working efficiency of a CPU in the processing process can be greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 2, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature rise in the non-magnetic vacuum insulation tube is less than or equal to 60 ℃ within 4 hours. In the embodiment, in order to meet the working requirement of the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 at the high temperature of 150 ℃ under the well depth of 3000-. Namely, a layer of non-magnetic vacuum heat-insulating pipe is added in the shell 11. When the external temperature is 150 ℃, the temperature rise in the vacuum flask is less than or equal to 60 ℃ within 4 hours, and the temperature in the vacuum flask reaches 85 ℃ within 4 hours according to the calculation of the room temperature of 25 ℃. In the embodiment, the temperature resistance of the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 in the probe is designed to be 125 ℃, and the temperature resistance of the power supply module 14 is designed to be 150 ℃, so that the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 are arranged in the non-magnetic vacuum heat-insulating pipe, the requirement of high temperature resistance can be met, and the high temperature resistance requirement of 3000 plus 5000m well depth is met.
As shown in fig. 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 is configured to receive an output signal of the transmission unit 124, convert the output signal into a binary signal, and output the binary signal. In this embodiment, after the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 receives the signal from the three-component sensor module 12, the received signal is simply processed into a binary format, and then modulated into carrier signals with different frequencies, and transmitted to the ground controller through the 3000-5000m cable, and then processed and demodulated into a binary code by the ground controller.
As shown in fig. 6, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the power module 14 is mainly composed of a DC-DC conversion module, and mainly functions to perform DC-DC voltage stabilization and supply power to other circuits such as the three-component sensor module 12 and the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 in the downhole probe. The highest input voltage of the front end of the power supply module 14 reaches 80-140V, the power supply input dynamic range is large, the power supply module 14 outputs +24V, and then the +24V is used for obtaining the +/-5V, +/-12V and 3.3V of the working power supply of the components in the underground exploring tube. In order to meet the high temperature resistance requirement of 3000-5000m well depth, the power module 14 can work for 4 hours at a high temperature of 150 ℃, and all circuit chips of the power module 14 adopt high temperature resistant import chips. In this embodiment, the circuit of the power module 14 is formed by sintering a metal conductor and a component on a ceramic sheet at a high temperature by a thick film process, and filling a thermal insulation layer with a silicone resin to form a thermal insulation layer, thereby achieving stable output of the circuit in a high-temperature and strong-vibration environment.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the probe test scheme comprises: a measuring range test sub-scheme, a magnetic field noise test sub-scheme, a sensitivity test sub-scheme and an orthogonality test sub-scheme; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the measuring range test sub-scheme, ferromagnetic substances are adopted to respectively approach the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 from two opposite directions, and the reading of the saturated three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121 is read as the measuring range of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer 121;
in the magnetic field noise testing sub-scheme, the underground probe is integrally placed in a shielding cylinder, placed at a fixed position, covered with a cylinder cover, and led out a power line and a data line from a wire outlet hole. And electrifying and starting the equipment, reading equipment data by adopting MATLAB, acquiring signals for the underground probe, and processing the acquired signals, wherein the acquired signals comprise triaxial fluxgate data of the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer 121, triaxial acceleration data and attitude angle data of the triaxial accelerometer 122. Carrying out spectrum analysis on the triaxial fluxgate data, and printing a spectrogram, wherein the noise level of the fluxgate of the underground probe can be measured at the moment; it should be noted that the shielding effect of the shielding cylinder may be affected by the number of layers of the shielding cylinder, the cylinder cover, the magnetic field environment of the measurement site, the floor, and the like, and therefore, the shielding cylinder needs to be properly selected and adjusted before the test.
In the sub-scheme of the sensitivity test, the underground probe is integrally placed in a shielding cylinder, placed at a fixed position, covered with a cylinder cover, led out a power line and a data line from a wire outlet hole, and electrified to start the device. A small stepping motor is used, a magnet is fixed on a rotating shaft of the motor, and the motor is electrified to rotate (generally, the rotating speed is recommended to be about 10Hz, if equipment has special requirements, the rotating speed can be adjusted to be high, but the rotating speed cannot be higher than half of the data output speed of a downhole probe). The rotating magnet is close to the shielding cylinder, so that a spectrogram of the fluxgate has a very obvious specific frequency signal, and the frequency of the specific frequency signal is consistent with the rotating frequency of the motor. When the motor rotation frequency is changed, the frequency spectrum correspondingly changes.
The motor is gradually far away from the shielding cylinder, so that the frequency gain amplitude on the spectrogram can be gradually reduced until the frequency gain amplitude is submerged by the noise of the underground probe. The minimum recognizable frequency gain amplitude (i.e. signal amplitude) is the sensitivity of the fluxgate, and the environmental magnetic interference should be as small as possible during the test, so that the optimal sensitivity can be observed conveniently;
in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, the coaxiality errors of the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer 121 and the triaxial accelerometer 122 are obtained, and the orthogonality errors of the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer 121 and the triaxial accelerometer 122 are obtained based on the coaxiality errors. In the present embodiment, the degree of orthogonality of the fluxgates. Two-by-two quadrature errors of three fluxgates are shown. Because the fluxgate-acceleration coaxiality is pre-calibrated in advance, the coaxial error of the triaxial fluxgate and the triaxial acceleration is tested, and the orthogonal error of the triaxial fluxgate can be represented.
As shown in fig. 7, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established based on the downhole probe, the direction of one coordinate axis is selected as a rotation axis to rotate the downhole probe for one circle, a maximum value Mn and a minimum value Ms of a reading are obtained, and a coaxiality error is obtained based on the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms; changing different coordinate axes to respectively obtain corresponding coaxiality errors;
the maximum Mn and minimum Ms are respectively expressed as:
Mn＝E*sin(θ+α)
Ms＝E*sin(θ-α)
wherein, E represents the selected coordinate axis, θ represents the local geomagnetic inclination angle, and α represents the deviation angle from the direction of the selected coordinate axis.
Specifically, referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, N, S represents north and south directions of a horizontal plane, V represents a vertical direction, E represents an earth magnetic field, and θ represents a local geomagnetic inclination angle, respectively. In theory the perpendicular direction of the fluxgate should coincide with V, and the reading will be constant (E x sin (θ)) when the shaft rotates one turn around V. However, in practice, the axis and the V direction of the fluxgate have a deviation angle α, and the reading will change periodically when rotating one turn around the V direction. According to the geomagnetic field model, the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms are generated when the axis of the fluxgate rotates to the due north direction and the due south direction. According to the above formula, the measured Mn and Ms can be used to calculate the orthogonal deviation angle, and the deviation angles of the other two axes are measured in the same manner, which is not described herein again.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the communication link scheme, a 2FSK carrier single-core cable is adopted to transmit signals; in which a binary digital frequency modulation scheme is used to transmit information contained in a signal at the frequency of a carrier. In this embodiment, the signal data processed by the data measurement modulation transmission module 13 is transmitted by using a 2FSK carrier single-core cable, so as to save cable resources. The digital information is transmitted by frequency of the carrier by binary digital frequency modulation (binary frequency Shift keying) of 2fsk (frequency Shift keying), i.e. the frequency of the carrier is controlled by the transmitted digital information. Referring to fig. 8 and 9, in the 2FSK signal, the symbol "0" corresponds to the carrier frequency f1, and the symbol "1" corresponds to the modulated waveform of the carrier frequency f2 (another carrier frequency different from f 1), and the change between f1 and f2 is instantaneous. When transmitting a '0' signal, transmitting a carrier wave with the frequency of f 1; when a "1" signal is transmitted, a carrier wave with the frequency f2 is transmitted. At a receiving end, firstly, the obtained signal is subjected to band-pass filtering, then, noise and interference except carrier frequency are filtered, so that the signal can completely pass through, then, an envelope curve at the positive end of the full-wave rectifier is output, then, a baseband envelope signal is output through a low-pass filter or a rectification module, and then, a baseband binary signal is output through a sampling decision device, so that the demodulation of a carrier signal is completed. The 2FSK transmission mode has the characteristics of long transmission distance and strong anti-interference capability, and the transmission rate is 192000 bps.
As shown in fig. 10, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the ground collection control system is a structural component for constructing a ground collection control system, wherein the ground collection control system includes a data collection and display device, a ground controller, a winch, and a winch controller. In this embodiment, the winch comprises: the winch comprises a winch, a cable arrangement device, a power source for driving the winch, a speed reducer arranged between the winch and the power source, and a brake device for braking the winch; wherein, the power source adopts an AC variable frequency motor.
In the present embodiment, the speed reducer is used to reduce the output speed of the power source, and at the same time, the torque of the rotating shaft can be increased, thereby increasing the lifting force of the winch. In the embodiment, the reducer adopts a planetary gear reducer with small tooth difference and consists of an output shaft, a planetary gear, an internal gear, a cylindrical pin shaft, a pin shaft sleeve and an eccentric sleeve. In the embodiment, in order to ensure the balance performance and the uniform stress of the planet wheel, the friction is reduced. Two planet wheels which form an angle of 180 degrees are adopted, and a plurality of cylindrical pin holes are uniformly formed on the two planet wheels along the circumference. And simultaneously, a plurality of cylindrical pins are correspondingly and uniformly arranged on a disc of the output shaft and correspondingly inserted into pin holes on the planet wheels. The cylindrical pin is provided with a movable pin shaft sleeve to reduce friction and wear. The speed reducer has the advantages of simple and compact structure, small volume, large speed ratio and low processing cost.
In the embodiment, the cable arranging device can automatically and orderly wind the cable on the winch and comprises a lead screw, a wire arranging wheel, a guide key, a transmission gear (chain) wheel, the winch, an encoder and the like. The winch and the reciprocating rod are respectively provided with a chain wheel which is connected through a chain. The wire arrangement wheel can move left and right on the wire leading screw through the guide key. When the cable is wound on the winch, the wire arranging wheel moves the distance of the cable diameter on the wire feeding rod every time when the cable is wound for one circle. When the cable winds to the edge of the winch, the cable automatically winds to the other edge of the winch through the automatic reversing function of the reciprocating screw rod and the guide key. The depth encoder is arranged on the wire arranging wheel, so that the depth of the cable can be detected (by calculating the pulse number of the encoder), and the speed of the cable in the well can be calculated.
In this embodiment, the winch controller is used to control the winch rotation direction, stopping and running speed, while displaying depth, speed, current, voltage, frequency converter frequency, tension, see fig. 11.
In this embodiment, the brake device is at least one of an electric self-locking brake, a mechanical self-locking brake, and a manual brake.
Referring to fig. 10 and 12, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the primary functions of the surface controller include providing a working power supply for the downhole probe, setting control parameters (commands), receiving measurement data uploaded by the downhole probe, displaying, storing, depth counting data in real time, and packaging current data and current depth. Meanwhile, the system meets the requirements of 3000-5000m well logging, and has the advantages of small size, light weight, easy carrying and convenient operation; positive and negative correction function of well depth; the code disc is suitable for code discs with different pulse numbers; an independent self-test signal generating unit; USB type communication interface. In this embodiment, the control panel (see fig. 10) of the surface controller is designed to have various interfaces, switches and keys with functions of an AC220V power connection port, a winch depth signal access port, a downhole signal line connection port, a communication port of a data acquisition and display device (industrial personal computer), and is also provided with input and output devices such as a keyboard, a display, a USB and the like.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ground controller hardware design principle has the following characteristics:
A. the system adopts a large number of integrated circuit interface chips and the design idea of functional module independence. The reliability of the field instrument is improved;
B. considering the working environment and conditions of field instruments, a waterproof, dustproof and moistureproof film panel and an ABS case with better sealing property are adopted as an instrument working panel;
C. a wider voltage input range (220V +/-20%) is designed, so that the instrument has greater adaptability;
D. and the software is adopted to automatically compensate and correct the depth error, so that the reliability of system hardware is improved.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of particular aspects of the present invention and devices and structures not specifically described herein are understood to be those of ordinary skill in the art and are intended to be implemented in such conventional ways.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A design method for a deep well three-component magnetic measurement system comprises the following steps:
s1, generating a probe structure scheme of an underground probe in the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system and a ground acquisition control system scheme of a ground acquisition control system of the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system based on a physical environment of a depth detected by the deep well three-component magnetic measurement system;
s2, generating a probe testing scheme of the underground probe based on the probe structure scheme;
and S3, generating a communication link scheme for establishing the communication connection between the underground exploring tube and the ground acquisition control system based on the exploring tube structure scheme and the ground acquisition control system scheme.
2. The design method of claim 1, wherein the probe structural scheme is used to construct a structural composition of the downhole probe, wherein the downhole probe comprises: the device comprises a shell (11), a three-component sensor module (12) arranged in the shell (11), a data measurement modulation transmission module (13) connected with the three-component sensor module (12), and a power supply module (14) connected with the three-component sensor module (12) and the data measurement modulation transmission module (13);
the measurement accuracy of the vertical component and the horizontal component of the three-component sensor module (12) is respectively less than or equal to 50 nT;
the shell (11) is a cylindrical body with one closed end and one open end, and the open end of the cylindrical body is provided with a joint;
a plurality of sealing structures are arranged at the position where the opening end of the shell (11) is connected with the joint;
the casing (11) has a compressive strength of 60MPa or more.
3. The design method according to claim 2, characterized in that, inside the housing (11), the power supply module (14), the data measurement modulation transmission module (13) and the three-component sensor module (12) are arranged in sequence in a direction away from the open end of the housing (11);
a non-magnetic vacuum heat-insulating pipe used for wrapping the three-component sensor module (12) and the data measurement modulation transmission module (13) is further arranged in the shell (11);
the temperature rise in the non-magnetic vacuum heat-preservation pipe within 4 hours is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
4. The design method according to claim 3, characterized in that the three-component sensor module (12) comprises: the device comprises a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121), a three-axis accelerometer (122), a control unit (123) connected with the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) and the three-axis accelerometer (122), and a transmission unit (124) connected with the control unit (123);
the single component precision of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) in a static state is greater than or equal to 0.1 nT.
The transmission unit (124), the control unit (123), the triaxial accelerometer (122) and the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer (121) are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the shell (11).
5. The design method of claim 4, wherein the three-component sensor module (12) further comprises: a temperature sensor connected to the control unit (123);
the control unit (123) collects the electric signal of the temperature sensor and is used for compensating and correcting the output signal of the transmission unit (124).
6. The design method according to claim 5, wherein the data measurement modulation transmission module (13) is configured to receive an output signal of the transmission unit (124), convert the output signal into a binary signal, and output the binary signal;
the metal conductors and the components in the power supply module (14) are sintered on the ceramic chip, and the metal conductors and the components are covered by a heat insulation layer;
the heat insulation layer is filled with organic silicon resin.
7. The design method of claim 6, wherein the probe test scheme comprises: a measuring range test sub-scheme, a magnetic field noise test sub-scheme, a sensitivity test sub-scheme and an orthogonality test sub-scheme; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the measuring range test sub-scheme, ferromagnetic substances are adopted to respectively approach the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) from two opposite directions, and the reading of the saturated three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121) is read as the measuring range of the three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (121);
in the magnetic field noise testing sub-scheme, the whole underground probe is placed in a shielding cylinder and sealed, the underground probe is electrified and signals are collected, and the collected signals are subjected to frequency spectrum analysis to obtain the noise level of the underground probe;
in the sensitivity testing sub-scheme, the whole underground probe is placed in a shielding cylinder and is sealed, a rotating magnet is close to the shielding cylinder until the frequency of a signal output by the underground probe is consistent with the rotating frequency of the magnet, the magnet is moved in the direction far away from the shielding cylinder until the frequency gain amplitude of the signal output by the underground probe is submerged by noise of the magnet, and the sensitivity of the underground probe is obtained based on the frequency gain amplitude;
in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer (121), the triaxial accelerometer (122) coaxial error are obtained, and the triaxial fluxgate magnetometer (121), the triaxial accelerometer (122) orthogonality error are obtained based on the coaxial error.
8. The design method of claim 7, wherein in the orthogonality test sub-scheme, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established based on the downhole probe, the direction of one coordinate axis is selected as a rotating axis to rotate the downhole probe for one circle, a maximum value Mn and a minimum value Ms of the reading are obtained, and the coaxiality error is obtained based on the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms; changing different coordinate axes to respectively obtain corresponding coaxiality errors;
the maximum value Mn and the minimum value Ms are respectively expressed as:
Mn＝E*sin(θ+α)
Ms＝E*sin(θ-α)
where E denotes the earth magnetic field, θ denotes the local geomagnetic inclination angle, and α denotes the deviation angle from the direction of the selected coordinate axis.
9. The design method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the communication link scheme, a 2FSK carrier single-core cable is adopted for signal transmission; in which a binary digital frequency modulation scheme is used to transmit information contained in a signal at the frequency of a carrier.
10. The design method according to claim 9, wherein the ground acquisition control system scheme is used for constructing a structural component of the ground acquisition control system, wherein the ground acquisition control system comprises a data acquisition and display device, a ground controller, a winch, and a winch controller;
the winch includes: the winch comprises a winch, a cable arrangement device, a power source for driving the winch, a speed reducer arranged between the winch and the power source, and a brake device for braking the winch; the brake device comprises a power source, a speed reducer, a planetary gear speed reducer, a brake device and a brake control device, wherein the power source adopts an alternating current variable frequency motor, the speed reducer adopts a planetary gear speed reducer, and the brake device adopts at least one of manual brake, electric self-locking brake and mechanical self-locking brake;
the winch controller is used for controlling the rotation direction, the parking speed and the running speed of the winch and displaying the cable discharge depth, the cable discharge speed, the cable tension, the power source current, the power source voltage and the power source frequency converter frequency;
the ground controller is used for providing a working power supply and control parameter setting of the underground probe, receiving signal data uploaded by the underground probe, displaying, storing and counting the signal data in real time, and packaging the data.
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