CN111912902B

CN111912902B - Ultrasonic probe and crack detection device

Info

Publication number: CN111912902B
Application number: CN201910730119.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余海军; 王孝卿; 刘辉
Original assignee: CRRC Datong Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Datong Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-08
Filing date: 2019-08-08
Publication date: 2023-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-08
Also published as: CN111912902A

Abstract

The disclosure relates to the technical field of locomotives, and provides an ultrasonic probe and a crack detection device. The ultrasonic probe includes a sound-deadening plate, two delay blocks, a transmitting wafer, and a receiving wafer. The two delay blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sound insulation plate, the two delay blocks are respectively provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, the included angle between each second surface and the sound insulation plate is an obtuse angle, each first surface is sunken towards the direction close to the second surface so as to form an arc-shaped surface, and the axis of the arc-shaped surface is perpendicular to the sound insulation plate. The emitter wafer is arranged on the second surface of one delay block. The receiving wafer is arranged on the second surface of the other delay block. The fatigue crack detection device not only can detect fatigue cracks of the axle box spring in a service state, but also can adapt to detection of different curvature parts of the axle box spring.

Description

Ultrasonic probe and crack detection device

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of locomotives, in particular to an ultrasonic probe and a crack detection device.

Background

As a component of a locomotive, the performance of the axle box spring has an important impact on the locomotive. In the actual use process, the axle box spring can generate fatigue cracks under the action of cyclic alternating load, so that the axle box spring is easy to break.

In order to ensure the driving safety, it is necessary to detect fatigue cracks of the axle box spring early. However, the prior art lacks a device for detecting fatigue cracks of an axle box spring in service.

It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancing understanding of the background of the present disclosure and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic probe and a crack detection device, which not only can carry out fatigue crack detection on an axle box spring in a service state, but also can adapt to detection of different curvature parts of the axle box spring.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an ultrasonic probe including:

a sound insulation board;

the two delay blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sound insulation plate, each delay block is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, the included angle between each second surface and the sound insulation plate is an obtuse angle, each first surface is recessed towards the direction close to the second surface so as to form an arc-shaped surface, and the axis of the arc-shaped surface is perpendicular to the sound insulation plate;

an emitter wafer arranged on the second surface of one delay block;

and the receiving wafer is arranged on the second surface of the other delay block.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the arcuate surface has two straight sides, both of the straight sides are perpendicular to the acoustic panel, the second surface has an intersection line with the acoustic panel, and the intersection line is not parallel to a predetermined plane, both of the straight sides are located in the predetermined plane.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the second surfaces is at an angle of 96 ° to the baffle.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a side of the emitter wafer and the receiver wafer facing away from the second surface are both covered with a backing block.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the second surfaces is covered with a matching layer, and the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are covered with the matching layer.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the matching layer has a thickness of 1/4 of the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the material of the delay block is polyimide.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are both rectangular wafers, and the rectangular wafers are 6mm long and 4mm wide.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the radius of the arcuate surface is 30mm.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a crack detection device including the ultrasonic probe as set forth in any one of the above.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are: the ultrasonic probe and the crack detection device have the advantages that the transmitting wafer is arranged on the second surface of one delay block, the receiving wafer is arranged on the second surface of the other delay block, ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the axial spring through the transmitting wafer, and the receiving wafer receives the feedback ultrasonic waves, so that fatigue crack detection can be carried out on the axle box spring in a service state, and as the first surface of each delay block is provided with the arc-shaped surface which is sunken towards the direction close to the second surface, ultrasonic energy can be more concentrated, so that the ultrasonic probe and the crack detection device can be suitable for detection of different curvature parts of the axle box spring.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

Drawings

The above and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely examples of the disclosure and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasound probe of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first surface of a delay block of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In the figure: 1. a sound insulation board; 2. a delay block; 3. a first surface; 4. a second surface; 5. emitting a wafer; 6. receiving a wafer; 7. a backing block; 8. a matching layer; 9. intersecting lines; 10. straight edges; 11. arc-shaped edges.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments may be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the disclosed aspects may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, etc. In other instances, well-known technical solutions have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the present disclosure.

The terms "a" and "an" are used to denote the presence of one or more elements/components/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. in addition to the listed elements/components/etc.; the use of "first" and "second" does not denote any quantity or importance, but rather the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish one element from another.

The disclosed embodiments provide an ultrasonic probe. As shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic probe may include a soundproof plate 1, two delay blocks 2, a transmitting wafer 5, and a receiving wafer 6, wherein:

the two retardation blocks 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the acoustic panel 1, and the two retardation blocks 2 each have opposite first and second surfaces 3 and 4. The second surface 4 of each delay block 2 is at an obtuse angle to the baffle plate 1. The first surface 3 of each delay block 2 is recessed in a direction approaching the second surface 4 to form an arc-shaped surface, and the axis of the arc-shaped surface is perpendicular to the acoustic panel 1. The emitter wafer 5 is provided on the second surface 4 of one of the delay blocks 2. The receiving wafer 6 is provided on the second surface 4 of the other delay block 2.

According to the ultrasonic probe of the embodiment of the disclosure, the transmitting wafer 5 is arranged on the second surface 4 of one delay block 2, the receiving wafer 6 is arranged on the second surface 4 of the other delay block 2, ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the axial spring through the transmitting wafer 5, and feedback ultrasonic waves are received through the receiving wafer 6, so that fatigue crack detection can be performed on the axle box spring in a service state, and as the first surface 3 of each delay block 2 is provided with the arc-shaped surface which is sunken towards the direction close to the second surface 4, ultrasonic energy can be concentrated more, so that the ultrasonic probe and the crack detection device can adapt to detection of different curvature parts of the axle box spring.

The following describes each component of the ultrasonic probe according to the embodiment of the present disclosure in detail:

as shown in fig. 1, the acoustic panel 1 is used to prevent crosstalk between the transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6, and for example, can prevent ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transmitting wafer 5 from being received by the receiving wafer 6. The material of the acoustic panel 1 may be cork, but the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Further, the thickness of the soundproof plate 1 is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1, two retardation blocks 2 are symmetrically disposed at both sides of the soundproof plate 1, so that the transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6 disposed on the two retardation blocks 2 can be placed at both sides of the soundproof plate 1. Wherein both delay blocks 2 are in contact with the baffle plate 1. In one embodiment, both delay blocks 2 are detachably connected to the acoustic panel 1, so that maintenance of the ultrasonic probe can be conveniently performed. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, both delay blocks 2 are fixedly attached to the baffle plate 1, such as by bonding or the like. The two delay blocks 2 are made of polyimide, and have high sensitivity, narrow pulse, large bandwidth and more stable wave beam, so that the performance of the ultrasonic probe can be improved. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the delay block 2 may also be other materials, which are not stated here.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, each delay block 2 has opposite first and second surfaces 3, 4. The first surface 3 and the second surface 4 may be distributed in a direction parallel to the baffle plate 1. The first surface 3 is recessed in a direction approaching the second surface 4 to form an arc-shaped surface. The axis of the arcuate surface is perpendicular to the baffle plate 1. Wherein the arcuate surface corresponds to a portion of the inner surface of the cylindrical structure. The arc surface comprises two straight edges which are perpendicular to the sound insulation plate 1 and two arc edges 11 connected between the two straight edges 10. The first surface 3 of the delay block 2 is configured to be arcuate, so that ultrasonic energy incident on the axial spring surface is more concentrated, and the ultrasonic probe can be adapted to detect different curvature portions of the axle box spring. The radius of the arcuate surface may be 30mm, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The degree of curvature of the arcuate surface may be pi/4, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The dimensions of the arcuate surfaces in the direction perpendicular to the baffle plate 1 are not particularly limited in the presently disclosed embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the second surface 4 of each delay block 2 forms an obtuse angle with the baffle plate 1. The obtuse angle may be 96 °, although other values are also possible and are not explicitly mentioned here. The second surface 4 of each delay block 2 has an intersection 9 with the baffle plate 1. The intersection 9 of the second surface 4 with the baffle plate 1 is not parallel to the predetermined plane, nor perpendicular to the predetermined plane. Both straight sides 10 of the arcuate surface lie in a predetermined plane.

As shown in fig. 1, the transmitting wafer 5 is used for transmitting ultrasonic waves. The receiving wafer 6 is used for receiving ultrasonic waves. The transmitting wafer 5 is provided on the second surface 4 of one delay block 2 and the receiving wafer 6 is provided on the second surface 4 of the other delay block 2. Wherein the ultrasound emitted by the emitter wafer 5 can enter the delay block 2 from the second surface 4 of the delay block 2 and be emitted from the first surface 3 of the delay block 2. The ultrasonic waves received by the receiving wafer 6 enter from the first surface 3 of the delay block 2 and pass through the second surface 4 of the delay block 2 into the receiving wafer 6. Because the two delay blocks 2 are symmetrically arranged, and the included angle between the second surface 4 of each delay block 2 and the sound insulation plate 1 is an obtuse angle, so that the included angles between the transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6 and the sound insulation plate 1 are obtuse angles, the ultrasonic probe has a focusing effect, and the focal length of the ultrasonic probe can be controlled between 15 mm and 20mm because the obtuse angle is 96 degrees, and the detection of fatigue cracks on the surface of the axle box spring is facilitated. Further, since the intersection line 9 of the second surface 4 of each delay block 2 and the acoustic panel 1 is not parallel to the preset plane, the sound waves can be better focused, the loss of the sound waves in the delay blocks 2 can be reduced, and the detection sensitivity can be improved. In addition, the transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6 provided on the second surface 4 of the delay block 2 have a high signal-to-noise ratio, and are less disturbed by paint, irregularities, depressions, etc. on the surface of the workpiece.

As shown in fig. 1, the emitter wafer 5 may be a rectangular wafer, but the embodiment of the disclosure is not limited thereto. Taking the emitter wafer 5 as an example of a rectangular wafer, the emitter wafer 5 has a length of 6mm and a width of 4mm. The receiving wafer 6 may also be a rectangular wafer, but it may of course also be a wafer of other shape. Taking the receiving wafer 6 as an example of a rectangular wafer, the receiving wafer 6 has a length of 6mm and a width of 4mm.

As shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic probe of the embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a matching layer 8. Wherein the second surface 4 of each delay block 2 is covered with a matching layer 8. The transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6 are covered with a matching layer 8. The matching layer 8 can reduce ringing of the transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6 and improve probe bandwidth. The thickness of the matching layer 8 can be 1/4 of the wavelength of ultrasonic waves, the acoustic energy conversion rate can be obviously improved, the wave beam is more stable, the signal to noise ratio is improved, the influence of a paint layer on ultrasonic coupling is overcome, and ultrasonic waves are smoothly transmitted into the spring of the detected axle box. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the thickness of the matching layer 8 may also be other values, which are not listed here.

As shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic probe of the embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a backing block 7. The backing block 7 covers the side of the transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6 facing away from the second surface 4 of the delay block 2. The backing block 7 can suppress vibration of the emitter wafer 5 and the receiver wafer 6 to reduce pulse width and improve resolution, and can also support the emitter wafer 5 and the receiver wafer 6. The material of the backing block 7 may be configured of epoxy, tungsten powder, or the like.

As shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic probe of the embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a housing. The baffle plate 1, the two delay blocks 2, the transmitting wafer 5 and the receiving wafer 6 are all accommodated in the housing.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a crack detection device. The crack detection device includes the ultrasonic probe according to any one of the embodiments described above. The ultrasonic probe used in the crack detection device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is the same as that in the above embodiment, and therefore has the same advantageous effects, and will not be described here again.

Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following the general principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic probe, comprising:

a sound insulation board;

the two delay blocks are made of polyimide, the two delay blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sound insulation plate, the two delay blocks are provided with opposite first surfaces and second surfaces, the first surfaces and the second surfaces of each delay block are distributed along the direction parallel to the sound insulation plate, the included angle between each second surface and the sound insulation plate is an obtuse angle, the included angle between each second surface and the sound insulation plate is 96 degrees, each first surface is recessed towards the direction close to the second surface to form an arc-shaped surface, the axis of the arc-shaped surface is perpendicular to the sound insulation plate, the arc-shaped surface is provided with two straight edges, the two straight edges are perpendicular to the sound insulation plate, the second surfaces and the sound insulation plate are provided with intersecting lines, the intersecting lines and a preset plane are not parallel, and the two straight edges are located in the preset plane;

an emitter wafer disposed on the second surface of one of the delay blocks;

2. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein a side of the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer facing away from the second surface are each covered with a backing block.

3. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein each of the second surfaces is covered with a matching layer, and the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are covered with the matching layer.

4. An ultrasound probe according to claim 3, where the matching layer has a thickness of 1/4 of the ultrasound wavelength.

5. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are rectangular wafers each having a length of 6mm and a width of 4mm.

6. The ultrasonic probe of claim 1, wherein the radius of the arcuate surface is 30mm.

7. A crack detection device comprising the ultrasonic probe according to any one of claims 1 to 6.