CN111912387A - Airplane whole-airplane horizontal measuring point centralized measuring point method based on optical reflection principle - Google Patents

Airplane whole-airplane horizontal measuring point centralized measuring point method based on optical reflection principle Download PDF

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CN111912387A
CN111912387A CN202010552136.9A CN202010552136A CN111912387A CN 111912387 A CN111912387 A CN 111912387A CN 202010552136 A CN202010552136 A CN 202010552136A CN 111912387 A CN111912387 A CN 111912387A
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point
plane mirror
horizontal
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airplane
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李洋
刘远东
刘朝晖
吴树强
陈建功
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Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C9/00Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
    • G01C9/005Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels specially adapted for use in aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M1/00Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
    • G01M1/12Static balancing; Determining position of centre of gravity
    • G01M1/122Determining position of centre of gravity
    • G01M1/125Determining position of centre of gravity of aircraft

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a centralized measuring point method for horizontal measuring points of a whole plane of an airplane based on an optical reflection principle, which belongs to the technical field of horizontal measurement of airplanes and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. a plane mirror is arranged at one side of the blocked point of the airplane, so that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the blocked point in the plane mirror; b. setting a laser tracker at a last measuring station, and using a coordinate system calculated by a unified spatial measurement network-based USMN; c. and setting the coordinates of the horizontal point to be measured in the coordinate system. The invention saves the time that the coordinate system of the laser tracker must be unified to the ground coordinate system again due to the station transfer of the laser tracker, simplifies the operation and effectively improves the efficiency of the weighing and gravity center testing.

Description

Airplane whole-airplane horizontal measuring point centralized measuring point method based on optical reflection principle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of horizontal measurement of airplanes, in particular to a centralized measuring point method for horizontal measuring points of all airplanes based on an optical reflection principle.
Background
When the whole airplane scale is used for gravity center resetting test, the airplane needs to be adjusted to a horizontal posture, and when the horizontal measuring point on the airplane body is measured by the laser tracker to adjust the horizontal of the airplane, the measurement of the shielded horizontal measuring point can be obtained by measuring by the laser tracker of the transfer station, namely the tracker is transferred to the other side of the airplane body. The method has the disadvantages that the laser tracker coordinate system must be moved to the ground coordinate system again, all ground reference points must be measured again, and the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming.
Chinese patent document with publication number CN 102997846A and publication date 2013, 03, 27 and discloses a method for measuring the level of the whole airplane based on a working space measuring and positioning system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the measuring working space and the number of the laser scanning base stations according to the overall dimension of the airplane to be measured and the positions of the measuring points, so that each measuring point is positioned at the optimal working distance of the laser emitting base stations, the intersection angle of the lasers emitted by the two laser emitting base stations is 60-90 degrees, the measuring points are ensured to be free of shielding, and the measuring device has better testability;
(2) calibrating external parameters of a measurement working space formed by all laser scanning base stations by using a reference scale, and establishing a working space measurement positioning system coordinate system;
(3) selecting a reference point on an airplane body and establishing an airplane coordinate system to enable the coordinate value of the reference point in the airplane coordinate system to be a fixed value; then measuring the coordinates of the reference point under a working space measuring system coordinate system, and unifying the working space measuring system coordinate system and an airplane coordinate system, so that the coordinate values measured under the working space measuring system coordinate system are converted into coordinate values in the airplane coordinate system;
(4) using a vector bar of a working space measuring and positioning system to respectively carry out contact measurement on each measuring point, and sequentially measuring coordinate values of each measuring point on a fuselage and a wing; for a higher measuring point on the empennage of the airplane, measuring by matching the extension rod with the vector rod;
(5) and importing the measured coordinate values of the measurement points into a data processor of a working space measurement positioning system to obtain the actual measurement coordinate values of the measurement points in an airplane coordinate system, and comparing the actual measurement coordinate values in the airplane coordinate system with theoretical values in the airplane coordinate system to further judge whether the airplane deformation is within an allowable range.
Although the method for measuring the horizontal position of the whole airplane based on the working space measuring and positioning system disclosed in the patent document solves the problem of poor measurement accuracy in the conventional method for measuring the horizontal position of the airplane, the method still has the defects of large measurement workload and low measurement efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a centralized measuring point method for the horizontal measuring points of the whole airplane based on the optical reflection principle, so that the time for reuniting the coordinate system of the laser tracker to the ground coordinate system caused by the station transfer of the laser tracker is saved, the operation is simplified, and the efficiency of the weighing and gravity center measuring test is effectively improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for centralizing the measuring points of the horizontal measuring points of the whole airplane based on the optical reflection principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. a plane mirror is arranged at one side of the blocked point of the airplane, so that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the blocked point in the plane mirror;
b. setting a laser tracker at a last measuring station, and using a coordinate system calculated by a unified spatial measurement network-based USMN;
c. setting the coordinate of the horizontal point to be measured in the coordinate system, the front horizontal point P1(x1,y1,z1) Rear horizontal point P2(x2,y2,z2) Left horizontal point P3(x3,y3,z3) And right horizontal point P4(x4,y4,z4) (ii) a The P is1(x1,y1,z1)、P2(x2,y2,z2) And P3(x3,y3,z3) Directly measuring at the measuring station, calculating the measurement P4(x4,y4,z4)。
In the step a, a laser tracker measures coordinates of an image of a blocked point in a plane mirror, specifically, when a detected point A is blocked, the plane mirror is added for measurement, the plane mirror is fixedly placed at first, a calibration point B is fixed in front of the plane mirror and used for calibrating the position of the plane mirror, and the coordinates B (xb, yb, zb) of the calibration point B under a measurement system coordinate system and the coordinates B '(xb', yb ', zb') of a virtual image formed in the plane mirror are directly measured; let the plane equation of the plane mirror be
m(x-x0)+n(y-y0)+t(z-z0)=0
In the formula: (x)0,y0,z0) Is a coordinate of a point on the plane mirror, and (m, n, t) is a normal vector of the plane mirror;
the unknowns in the plane equation are derived from points B and B':
Figure BDA0002542896280000031
after calibration is finished, the coordinate (x) of a virtual image point A' formed by the measured point A in the plane mirror is directly measureda′,ya′,za'), the point A and the point A' are mirror-symmetrical, the midpoint of the connecting line of the two points is also on the plane, and the connecting line of the two points is parallel to the normal of the mirror surface, thus obtaining
Figure BDA0002542896280000032
Obtained by simplifying the above formula
Figure BDA0002542896280000033
In the formula: k 2mx0+2ny0+2tz0;(m,n,t)、(x0,y0,z0) To calibrate known quantities; (x)a′,ya′,za') are measured values, and these known values are calculated by substituting the above equation to obtain (x)a,ya,za)。
In said step c, a measurement P is calculated4(x4,y4,z4) The method is characterized in that a plane mirror and a fixed point are respectively fixed by a tripod, and the position and the posture of the plane mirror are adjustable, so that P can be seen from the plane mirror on one side of a laser tracker4(x4,y4,z4) And retain P4(x4,y4,z4) The allowance can be seen from one side of the laser tracker after jacking; direct measurement of P separately5(x5,y5,z5) And measuring P by plane mirrors5(x5,y5,z5) Image P of5'(x5,y5,z5) And P4'(x4,y4,z4) Calculating to obtain P4(x4,y4,z4)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the shielding point is measured by a plane mirror method, a plane mirror is placed at one side of the shielded point of the airplane, and the position where the plane mirror is placed ensures that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the shielded point in the plane mirror. And the coordinate of the shielded measuring point is calculated by utilizing the plane mirror principle, so that compared with the prior art, the time that the coordinate system of the laser tracker needs to be unified to the ground coordinate system again due to the fact that the laser tracker is transferred to the station is saved, the operation is simplified, and the efficiency of the weighing and gravity center measuring test is effectively improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the positioning of front, back, left and right horizontal measuring points of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a flat mirror according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the leveling points of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, the method for centralized measuring points of horizontal measuring points of the whole plane of an airplane based on the optical reflection principle comprises the following steps:
a. a plane mirror is arranged at one side of the blocked point of the airplane, so that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the blocked point in the plane mirror;
b. setting a laser tracker at a last measuring station, and using a coordinate system calculated by a unified spatial measurement network-based USMN;
c. setting the coordinate of the horizontal point to be measured in the coordinate system, the front horizontal point P1(x1,y1,z1) Rear horizontal point P2(x2,y2,z2) Left horizontal point P3(x3,y3,z3) And right horizontal point P4(x4,y4,z4) (ii) a The P is1(x1,y1,z1)、P2(x2,y2,z2) And P3(x3,y3,z3) Directly measuring at the measuring station, calculating the measurement P4(x4,y4,z4)。
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1-3, the method for centralized measuring points of horizontal measuring points of the whole plane of an airplane based on the optical reflection principle comprises the following steps:
a. a plane mirror is arranged at one side of the blocked point of the airplane, so that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the blocked point in the plane mirror;
b. setting a laser tracker at a last measuring station, and using a coordinate system calculated by a unified spatial measurement network-based USMN;
c. setting the coordinate of the horizontal point to be measured in the coordinate system, the front horizontal point P1(x1,y1,z1) Rear horizontal point P2(x2,y2,z2) Left horizontal point P3(x3,y3,z3) And right horizontal point P4(x4,y4,z4) (ii) a The P is1(x1,y1,z1)、P2(x2,y2,z2) And P3(x3,y3,z3) Directly measuring at the measuring station, calculating the measurement P4(x4,y4,z4)。
In the step a, a laser tracker measures coordinates of an image of a blocked point in a plane mirror, specifically, when a detected point A is blocked, the plane mirror is added for measurement, the plane mirror is fixedly placed at first, a calibration point B is fixed in front of the plane mirror and used for calibrating the position of the plane mirror, and the coordinates B (xb, yb, zb) of the calibration point B under a measurement system coordinate system and the coordinates B '(xb', yb ', zb') of a virtual image formed in the plane mirror are directly measured; let the plane equation of the plane mirror be
m(x-x0)+n(y-y0)+t(z-z0)=0
In the formula: (x)0,y0,z0) Is a coordinate of a point on the plane mirror, and (m, n, t) is a normal vector of the plane mirror;
the unknowns in the plane equation are derived from points B and B':
Figure BDA0002542896280000061
after calibration is finished, the coordinate (x) of a virtual image point A' formed by the measured point A in the plane mirror is directly measureda′,ya′,za'), the point A and the point A' are mirror-symmetrical, the midpoint of the connecting line of the two points is also on the plane, and the connecting line of the two points is parallel to the normal of the mirror surface, thus obtaining
Figure BDA0002542896280000062
Obtained by simplifying the above formula
Figure BDA0002542896280000063
In the formula: k 2mx0+2ny0+2tz0;(m,n,t)、(x0,y0,z0) To calibrate known quantities; (x)a′,ya′,za') are measured values, and these known values are calculated by substituting the above equation to obtain (x)a,ya,za)。
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1-3, the method for centralized measuring points of horizontal measuring points of the whole plane of an airplane based on the optical reflection principle comprises the following steps:
a. a plane mirror is arranged at one side of the blocked point of the airplane, so that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the blocked point in the plane mirror;
b. setting a laser tracker at a last measuring station, and using a coordinate system calculated by a unified spatial measurement network-based USMN;
c. setting the coordinate of the horizontal point to be measured in the coordinate system, the front horizontal point P1(x1,y1,z1) Rear horizontal point P2(x2,y2,z2) Left horizontal point P3(x3,y3,z3) And right horizontal point P4(x4,y4,z4) (ii) a The P is1(x1,y1,z1)、P2(x2,y2,z2) And P3(x3,y3,z3) Directly measuring at the measuring station, calculating the measurement P4(x4,y4,z4)。
In the step a, a laser tracker measures coordinates of an image of a blocked point in a plane mirror, specifically, when a detected point A is blocked, the plane mirror is added for measurement, the plane mirror is fixedly placed at first, a calibration point B is fixed in front of the plane mirror and used for calibrating the position of the plane mirror, and the coordinates B (xb, yb, zb) of the calibration point B under a measurement system coordinate system and the coordinates B '(xb', yb ', zb') of a virtual image formed in the plane mirror are directly measured; let the plane equation of the plane mirror be
m(x-x0)+n(y-y0)+t(z-z0)=0
In the formula: (x)0,y0,z0) Is a point coordinate on the plane mirror, and (m, n, t) is a planeA mirror normal vector;
the unknowns in the plane equation are derived from points B and B':
Figure BDA0002542896280000071
after calibration is finished, the coordinate (x) of a virtual image point A' formed by the measured point A in the plane mirror is directly measureda′,ya′,za'), the point A and the point A' are mirror-symmetrical, the midpoint of the connecting line of the two points is also on the plane, and the connecting line of the two points is parallel to the normal of the mirror surface, thus obtaining
Figure BDA0002542896280000081
Obtained by simplifying the above formula
Figure BDA0002542896280000082
In the formula: k 2mx0+2ny0+2tz0;(m,n,t)、(x0,y0,z0) To calibrate known quantities; (x)a′,ya′,za') are measured values, and these known values are calculated by substituting the above equation to obtain (x)a,ya,za)。
In said step c, a measurement P is calculated4(x4,y4,z4) The method is characterized in that a plane mirror and a fixed point are respectively fixed by a tripod, and the position and the posture of the plane mirror are adjustable, so that P can be seen from the plane mirror on one side of a laser tracker4(x4,y4,z4) And retain P4(x4,y4,z4) The allowance can be seen from one side of the laser tracker after jacking; direct measurement of P separately5(x5,y5,z5) And measuring P by plane mirrors5(x5,y5,z5) Image P of5'(x5,y5,z5) And P4'(x4,y4,z4) Calculating to obtain P4(x4,y4,z4)。
The shielding point is measured by a plane mirror method, a plane mirror is placed at one side of the shielded point of the airplane, and the position where the plane mirror is placed ensures that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the shielded point in the plane mirror. And the coordinate of the shielded measuring point is calculated by utilizing the plane mirror principle, so that compared with the prior art, the time that the coordinate system of the laser tracker needs to be unified to the ground coordinate system again due to the fact that the laser tracker is transferred to the station is saved, the operation is simplified, and the efficiency of the weighing and gravity center measuring test is effectively improved.

Claims (3)

1. The method for centralizing the measuring points of the horizontal measuring points of the whole airplane based on the optical reflection principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. a plane mirror is arranged at one side of the blocked point of the airplane, so that the laser tracker can measure the coordinates of the image of the blocked point in the plane mirror;
b. setting a laser tracker at a last measuring station, and using a coordinate system calculated by a unified spatial measurement network-based USMN;
c. setting the coordinate of the horizontal point to be measured in the coordinate system, the front horizontal point P1(x1,y1,z1) Rear horizontal point P2(x2,y2,z2) Left horizontal point P3(x3,y3,z3) And right horizontal point P4(x4,y4,z4) (ii) a The P is1(x1,y1,z1)、P2(x2,y2,z2) And P3(x3,y3,z3) Directly measuring at the measuring station, calculating the measurement P4(x4,y4,z4)。
2. The method for centralized measuring points of the horizontal measuring points of the whole airplane based on the optical reflection principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step a, a laser tracker measures coordinates of an image of a blocked point in a plane mirror, specifically, when a detected point A is blocked, the plane mirror is added for measurement, the plane mirror is fixedly placed at first, a calibration point B is fixed in front of the plane mirror and used for calibrating the position of the plane mirror, and the coordinates B (xb, yb, zb) of the calibration point B under a measurement system coordinate system and the coordinates B '(xb', yb ', zb') of a virtual image formed in the plane mirror are directly measured; let the plane equation of the plane mirror be
m(x-x0)+n(y-y0)+t(z-z0)=0
In the formula: (x)0,y0,z0) Is a coordinate of a point on the plane mirror, and (m, n, t) is a normal vector of the plane mirror;
the unknowns in the plane equation are derived from points B and B':
Figure FDA0002542896270000021
after calibration is finished, the coordinate (x) of a virtual image point A' formed by the measured point A in the plane mirror is directly measureda′,ya′,za'), the point A and the point A' are mirror-symmetrical, the midpoint of the connecting line of the two points is also on the plane, and the connecting line of the two points is parallel to the normal of the mirror surface, thus obtaining
Figure FDA0002542896270000022
Obtained by simplifying the above formula
Figure FDA0002542896270000023
In the formula: k 2mx0+2ny0+2tz0;(m,n,t)、(x0,y0,z0) To calibrate known quantities; (x)a′,ya′,za') are measured values, and these known values are calculated by substituting the above equation to obtain (x)a,ya,za)。
3. The method for centralized measuring points of the horizontal measuring points of the whole airplane based on the optical reflection principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in said step c, a measurement P is calculated4(x4,y4,z4) The method is characterized in that a plane mirror and a fixed point are respectively fixed by a tripod, and the position and the posture of the plane mirror are adjustable, so that P can be seen from the plane mirror on one side of a laser tracker4(x4,y4,z4) And retain P4(x4,y4,z4) The allowance can be seen from one side of the laser tracker after jacking; direct measurement of P separately5(x5,y5,z5) And measuring P by plane mirrors5(x5,y5,z5) Image P of5'(x5,y5,z5) And P4'(x4,y4,z4) Calculating to obtain P4(x4,y4,z4)。
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Application publication date: 20201110