CN111910184A - Laser cladding method - Google Patents
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- CN111910184A CN111910184A CN202010784760.1A CN202010784760A CN111910184A CN 111910184 A CN111910184 A CN 111910184A CN 202010784760 A CN202010784760 A CN 202010784760A CN 111910184 A CN111910184 A CN 111910184A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 518
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal surface treatment, and provides a laser cladding method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing materials; preparing equipment; assembling equipment; adjusting the coupling of the light powder; measuring the powder amount: measuring the powder output quantity of two powder output pipes of each powder output assembly within a preset time length for multiple times; respectively measuring the total powder output amount of the rotary disc of each rotary disc type powder feeder and the corresponding powder output assembly under different revolutions; determining the relation between the total powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the rotating disc revolution of the corresponding rotating disc type powder feeder; and adjusting the revolution per minute of the turntable type powder feeder according to the total mass of the powder materials required by laser deposition per minute, the mass ratio of the multiple powder materials and the relation between the powder output quantity per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the turntable of the corresponding turntable type powder feeder. The invention does not need to mix powder in advance, can effectively solve the problem of the proportion gradient of different powders in the deposition process, and ensures that the surface of the base material forms a uniform, stable and continuous deposition layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a laser cladding method.
Background
Laser cladding, also known as laser cladding or laser cladding, is a new surface modification technique. The method comprises the steps of adding a cladding material into a molten pool formed by a base material after laser irradiation, and fusing the cladding material and a thin layer on the surface of the base material together by utilizing a laser beam with high energy density, so as to form a uniform, stable and continuous cladding layer on the surface of a base layer. The cladding material is usually two or more powder materials with different particle sizes and different physical properties, and the powder materials are generally conveyed by adopting a mode of mixing powder and then conveying the powder.
The powder mixing mode usually adopts a mechanical mixing mode or a ball milling mixing mode. The main problems of the mechanical mixing approach are: on the one hand, significant deposition of the powder is easily caused due to the difference in particle size and density between different powders. On the other hand, because different powders have different particle sizes, specific gravities and flowability, the mixed powder is easy to separate during pneumatic transmission, so that the difference between the powder components pumped into the molten pool and the designed components is large, and the uniformity of the structures at different positions is inconsistent. The main problems of ball milling and mixing are that the granularity of powder after ball milling becomes thin and is generally lower than 325 meshes, the difficulty of fine powder conveying is high, the problems of adhesion, powder blockage and the like easily occur, and the powder conveying of the existing rotating disc type powder feeder is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art or the related art. Therefore, the invention provides the laser cladding method which is convenient to operate and does not need to mix powder in advance, so as to ensure that a uniform and stable cladding layer can be formed on the surface of the base material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a laser cladding method includes:
preparing materials: preprocessing a plurality of powder materials required by laser deposition;
preparing equipment: preparing a laser transmitter, rotary disc type powder feeders corresponding to the powder materials one by one, powder distributors corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeders one by one, and powder discharging assemblies corresponding to the powder distributors one by one; the powder outlet assembly comprises two powder outlet pipes, and the powder distributor is provided with a powder inlet and two powder outlets;
equipment assembling: communicating an outlet of each rotary disc type powder feeder with a corresponding powder inlet of the powder distributor, and communicating two powder outlets of the powder distributor with inlets of two powder outlet pipes of the corresponding powder outlet assembly respectively; fixing the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly on two sides of a laser head of the laser emitter respectively, and enabling the two powder outlet pipes to be symmetrical about the center of the laser head;
adjusting the coupling of the light powder: adjusting the angles of the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly to enable the outlets of the two powder outlet pipes to face to light spots generated by the laser head;
measuring the powder amount: filling the corresponding powder material into the rotating disc type powder feeder; measuring the powder outlet amount of the two powder outlet pipes of each powder outlet assembly within a preset time length for multiple times to ensure that the difference value of the powder outlet amount of the two powder outlet pipes of each powder outlet assembly is not greater than a preset difference value; respectively measuring the total powder discharging amount of the rotary disc of each rotary disc type powder feeder and the corresponding powder discharging assembly at different revolutions;
determining the relation between the total powder output per minute and the revolution of the rotary disc: determining the relation between the total powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder according to the powder output amounts of the two powder output pipes of each powder output assembly within a preset time length and the total powder output amount of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder and the corresponding powder output assemblies under different revolutions;
laser cladding: according to the total mass of the powder materials required by laser deposition per minute, the mass ratio of the multiple powder materials, and the relation between the powder output quantity per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder, the revolution per minute of the rotary disc type powder feeder is adjusted.
According to the laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, powder does not need to be mixed in advance, and powder can be uniformly injected into the light spot of the laser head. In addition, by adjusting the rotating disc revolution of each rotating disc type powder feeder, the problem of the proportion gradient of different powders in the deposition process can be effectively solved, and the uniform, stable and continuous deposition layer formed on the surface of the final base material is ensured.
In addition, the laser welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention may have the following additional features:
according to one embodiment of the invention, the step of material preparation comprises:
screening various powder materials required by laser deposition by using a screen;
and respectively placing the powder materials at a preset temperature for vacuum drying for a specified time.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the mesh number of the screen is 80-325 meshes, the preset temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the specified time is 2 hours.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the device assembling step further comprises: and adjusting the installation angle of the powder distributor to enable the powder inlet of the powder distributor to face upwards, the two powder outlets of the powder distributor to face downwards and enable the powder inlet direction of the powder inlet to be a vertical direction.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preset difference is 5 g.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of determining the relationship between the total amount of powder discharged per minute and the number of revolutions of the rotary disc comprises:
calculating the total powder discharging amount of each powder discharging assembly within a preset time;
dividing the total powder discharging amount of each powder discharging assembly within a preset time length by the preset time length to obtain the total powder discharging amount per minute of each powder discharging assembly;
calculating the single powder discharging average increment corresponding to each rotation of the turntable powder feeder according to the total powder discharging amount of the powder discharging assembly when the turntable of the turntable powder feeder rotates for 1 rotation, 2 rotations, 3 rotations, 4 rotations and 5 rotations in sequence;
determining the relationship between the total powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder as follows: total powder output per minute-average increment of single powder output-revolutions per minute of the turntable.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the adjusting the revolutions per minute of the turntable powder feeder comprises: the revolutions per minute of the rotating disk corresponds to the mass ratio of the powder material per average increment of powder output.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:
the laser head powder mixing device has the advantages that powder mixing is not needed in advance, the problems of obvious powder deposition caused by powder mixing and powder separation of mixed powder in the pneumatic transmission process are solved, and the two powder outlet pipes of each powder outlet assembly are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the laser head respectively, namely the powder outlet pipes of each powder outlet assembly are arranged in a staggered mode, so that powder can be uniformly injected into light spots of the laser head. In addition, by adjusting the rotating disc revolution of each rotating disc type powder feeder, the problem of the proportion gradient of different powders in the deposition process can be effectively solved, and the uniform, stable and continuous deposition layer formed on the surface of the final base material is ensured.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a laser cladding method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a laser cladding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of a weld layer obtained by a laser welding method (no powder mixing) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure of a cladding layer obtained by a conventional laser cladding method (with mixed powder);
FIG. 5 is a comparison of Rockwell hardness of hard particles in the metallographic structure of FIGS. 3 and 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder distributor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating disc type powder feeder in the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
110. a first powder feeder; 120. a second powder feeder; 210. a first powder divider; 220. a second powder distributor; 310. a first powder outlet pipe; 320. a second powder outlet pipe; 330. a third powder outlet pipe; 340. a fourth powder outlet pipe; 400. light spots; 510. an upper body; 511. a powder inlet channel; 520. a lower body; 521. a diverter cone; 522. a channel; 523. a powder outlet channel; 610. a motor; 612. a turntable; 613. a powder receiving groove; 614. a powder hopper; 615. powder suction pipe assembly.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only used for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser cladding method, including the steps of:
s1, material preparation: the method comprises the following steps of preprocessing a plurality of powder materials required by laser deposition, specifically: s1.1, screening multiple powder materials required by laser deposition by using a screen; s1.2, respectively placing the powder materials at a preset temperature and drying in vacuum for a specified time. The preset temperature can be, but is not limited to, 100 ℃ to 200 ℃, and the specified time can be, but is not limited to, 2 hours.
S2, equipment preparation: preparing a laser transmitter, rotary disc type powder feeders corresponding to the powder materials one by one, powder distributors corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeders one by one and powder discharging assemblies corresponding to the powder distributors one by one; the powder outlet assembly comprises two powder outlet pipes, and the powder distributor is provided with a powder inlet and two powder outlets;
s3, equipment assembly: the outlet of each rotating disc type powder feeder is communicated with the powder inlet of the corresponding powder distributor, and the two powder outlets of the powder distributor are respectively communicated with the inlets of the two powder outlet pipes of the corresponding powder outlet assembly; and respectively fixing two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly at two sides of a laser head of the laser emitter, and enabling the two powder outlet pipes to be symmetrical about the center of the laser head. In addition, in order to ensure that the powder outlet amount of the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly is basically the same, the installation angle of the powder distributor can be adjusted, so that the powder inlet of the powder distributor faces upwards, the two powder outlets of the powder distributor face downwards, and the powder inlet direction of the powder inlet is vertical.
S4, adjusting light powder coupling: adjusting the angles of the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly so as to enable the outlets of the two powder outlet pipes to face to light spots generated by the laser head;
s5, measuring the powder amount: filling corresponding powder materials into the rotating disc type powder feeder; measuring the powder discharging amount of the two powder discharging pipes of each powder discharging assembly within a preset time length for multiple times to ensure that the difference value of the powder discharging amount of the two powder discharging pipes of each powder discharging assembly is not more than a preset difference value, such as 5 g; respectively measuring the total powder output amount of the rotary disc of each rotary disc type powder feeder and the corresponding powder output assembly under different revolutions;
s6, determining the relation between the total powder output per minute and the revolution of the rotary disc: and determining the relation between the total powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder according to the powder output amounts of the two powder output pipes of each powder output assembly in the preset time length and the total powder output amount of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder and the corresponding powder output assemblies at different revolutions. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: s6.1, calculating the total powder output amount of each powder output assembly within a preset time; s6.2, dividing the total powder output amount of each powder output assembly in the preset time length by the preset time length to obtain the total powder output amount of each powder output assembly per minute; s6.3, calculating the single powder discharging average increment of the rotary disc of the corresponding rotary disc type powder feeder when the rotary disc rotates for 1 turn, 2 turns, 3 turns, 4 turns and 5 turns in sequence according to the powder discharging total amount of the powder discharging assembly; s6.4, determining the relation between the total powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the rotating disc revolution of the corresponding rotating disc type powder feeder as follows: total powder output per minute-average increment of single powder output-revolutions per minute of the turntable.
S7, laser deposition: adjusting the revolution per minute of the rotary disc type powder feeder according to the total mass of the powder materials required by laser deposition per minute, the mass ratio of the multiple powder materials and the relation between the powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution number of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder, wherein the revolution number per minute of the rotary disc is equal to the total mass of the powder materials per minute and corresponds to the mass ratio of the powder materials/the average increment of single powder output.
The laser welding method in the embodiment of the present invention is described below by taking the number of the rotary disk type powder feeders as two examples:
for convenience of description, as shown in fig. 2, the two rotary disk powder feeders are hereinafter referred to as a first powder feeder 110 and a second powder feeder 120, respectively; the powder separator corresponding to the first powder feeder 110 is referred to as a first powder separator 210, and the powder separator corresponding to the second powder feeder 120 is referred to as a second powder separator 220; the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly corresponding to the first powder distributor 210 are respectively referred to as a first powder outlet pipe 310 and a third powder outlet pipe 330, and the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly corresponding to the second powder distributor 220 are respectively referred to as a second powder outlet pipe 320 and a fourth powder outlet pipe 340.
Assuming that the first powder feeder 110 is used to convey the powder a and the second powder feeder 120 is used to convey the powder b, before powder feeding:
firstly, sieving powder a and powder b by using a sieve of 80-325 meshes;
then, respectively placing the powder a and the powder b in an environment of 100-200 ℃ for vacuum drying for 2 hours;
finally, determining the relation between the sum of the powder output per minute of the first powder outlet pipe 310 and the third powder outlet pipe 330 and the rotation number of the rotary disc of the first powder feeder 110, and determining the relation between the sum of the powder output per minute of the second powder outlet pipe 320 and the fourth powder outlet pipe 340 and the rotation number of the rotary disc of the second powder feeder 120:
taking the first powder feeder 110 as an example, first, the powder discharging amounts of the first powder discharging pipe 310 and the third powder discharging pipe 330 are measured for a predetermined time period, for example, 5 minutes, for a plurality of times, so as to ensure that the difference between the powder discharging amounts of the first powder discharging pipe 310 and the third powder discharging pipe 330 is not greater than a predetermined difference, for example, 5 g; if the difference between the powder discharging amounts of the first powder discharging tube 310 and the third powder discharging tube 330 is greater than the preset difference, the installation angles of the first powder feeder 110, the first powder discharging tube 310, or the third powder discharging tube 330 can be adjusted until the requirements are met. Next, the sum of the powder output of the first powder outlet pipe 310 and the third powder outlet pipe 330 is measured under different rotation numbers of the turntable of the first powder feeder 110, such as 1 rotation, 2 rotation, 3 rotation, 4 rotation, and 5 rotation; next, calculating the sum of the powder discharging amounts of the first powder discharging pipe 310 and the third powder discharging pipe 330 in 5 minutes; dividing the sum of the powder discharge amounts by 5 minutes to obtain the sum x of the powder discharge amounts per minute of the first powder discharge pipe 310 and the third powder discharge pipe 3301(ii) a Next, calculating the average increment a of single powder discharge of the first powder feeder 110 when the rotating disc rotates for 1 rotation, 2 rotations, 3 rotations, 4 rotations and 5 rotations according to the sum of the powder discharge amounts of the first powder discharge pipe 310 and the third powder discharge pipe 330 when the rotating disc of the first powder feeder 110 rotates for 1 rotation, 2 rotations, 3 rotations, 4 rotations and 5 rotations; finally, the sum x of the powder output amounts per minute of the first powder outlet pipe 310 and the third powder outlet pipe 330 is determined1Number n of revolutions of the turntable of the first powder feeder 1101The relationship is as follows: x is the number of1＝A*n1. Determining the sum x of the powder output amounts per minute of the second powder outlet pipe 320 and the fourth powder outlet pipe 3402Number n of revolutions of the turntable of the second powder feeder 1202The method of relationship is similar to that described above and will not be described herein, x2＝B*n2And B represents the average increment of a single powder discharge per rotation of the turntable of the second powder feeder 120.
During powder feeding, the mass ratio of the powder a to the powder b and the formula x are determined according to the sum of the mass of the powder a and the mass of the powder b per minute required for laser deposition1＝A*n1、x2＝B*n2Regulating the flow ofThe entire first powder feeder 110 and the second powder feeder 120 are rotated by the number of revolutions per minute of the turntable 612. For example, when the sum of the mass of the powder a and the mass of the powder b required for laser deposition per minute is 16g, and the mass ratio of the powder a to the powder b is 1:1, it can be determined that the first powder feeder 110 needs to feed 8g of the powder a, i.e., x, per minute1The second powder feeder 120 needs to feed 8g of powder b, i.e. x, per minute, 8g of powder per minute28 g. If a is 8g and B is 5g, then according to formula x1＝A*n1N can be calculated from 8 × n1 11 is ═ 1; according to the formula x2＝B*n2＝5*n2N can be calculated21.6. Thus, the first powder feeder 110 was adjusted to rotate 1 revolution per minute, and the second powder feeder 120 was adjusted to rotate 1.6 revolutions per minute. Since the first powder outlet pipe 310, the second powder outlet pipe 320, the third powder outlet pipe 330 and the fourth powder outlet pipe 340 are sequentially arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the laser head, the first powder outlet pipe 310 and the third powder outlet pipe 330 respectively drive the powder a to the light spot 400 formed by the laser head from both sides of the laser head at the same time, and simultaneously, the second powder outlet pipe 320 and the fourth powder outlet pipe 340 respectively drive the powder b to the light spot 400 formed by the laser head from both sides of the laser head at the same time. Thus, a uniform and stable fusion coating layer can be formed on the surface of the base material.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, in the laser welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the powder mixing process is not performed, the hard particles are uniformly distributed in the metallographic structure of the obtained cladding layer, the hardness of the cladding layer is uniform, and the difference between the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness is only 1 HRC. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the conventional laser cladding method, since the powder is significantly deposited due to the powder mixing process and the powder of the mixed powder is separated during the pneumatic transmission process, the hard particles in the metallographic structure of the cladding layer obtained are not uniformly distributed, and in fig. 4, the hard particles are more in the middle, less on both sides, and more on the left side than on the right side. In addition, the hardness of the cladding layer is not uniform, and the difference between the maximum hardness and the minimum hardness is as high as 9.6 HRC.
As can be seen from the above, the laser deposition method in the embodiment of the present invention does not need to mix powder in advance, thereby avoiding the problems of obvious powder deposition and powder separation of the mixed powder during pneumatic transmission due to powder mixing, and the two powder discharge pipes of each powder discharge assembly are respectively symmetrically arranged on both sides of the laser head, that is, the powder discharge pipes of each powder discharge assembly are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the powder can be uniformly injected into the light spot 400 of the laser head. In addition, by adjusting the rotating disc revolution of each rotating disc type powder feeder, the problem of the proportion gradient of different powders in the deposition process can be effectively solved, and the uniform, stable and continuous deposition layer formed on the surface of the final base material is ensured.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a laser cladding device, which comprises a laser transmitter, a plurality of rotary disc type powder feeders, powder distributors corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeders one by one and powder outlet assemblies corresponding to the powder distributors one by one; the powder outlet assembly comprises two powder outlet pipes, the two powder outlet pipes are centrosymmetric about a laser head of the laser emitter, and an outlet of each powder outlet pipe faces to a light spot generated by the laser head; the powder distributor is provided with a powder inlet and two powder outlets; the outlet of the rotating disc type powder feeder is communicated with the powder inlet of the corresponding powder distributor, and the two powder outlets of the powder distributor are respectively communicated with the inlets of the two powder outlet pipes of the corresponding powder outlet assembly.
As shown in fig. 6, the powder distributor includes an upper body 510 and a lower body 520 fixed below the upper body 510; the upper body 510 is longitudinally penetrated and provided with a powder inlet channel 511, one side of the lower body 520 facing the upper body 510 is formed with a shunting cone 521 inserted into the powder inlet channel 511, and the surface of the shunting cone 521 is formed with two symmetrically arranged channels 522; the lower body 520 is longitudinally provided with powder outlet channels 523 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the channels 522 in a penetrating manner, the two powder outlet channels 523 are respectively arranged at two sides of the shunting cone 521, one end of each powder outlet channel 523 is communicated with the corresponding channel 522, and the other end of each powder outlet channel 523 is communicated with the corresponding powder outlet pipe. Wherein, the powder outlet channel 523 is a tapered channel. It should be noted that the powder inlet may be an opening formed in the top surface of the upper body 510 by the powder inlet passage 511, or may be a pipe joint communicating with the powder inlet passage 511. Similarly, the powder outlet may be an opening formed in the bottom surface of the lower body 520 of the powder outlet channel 523, or a pipe joint communicated with the powder outlet channel 523.
Taking the second powder distributor 220 as an example, due to the existence of the flow-dividing cone 521 in the powder feeding channel 511, the powder a discharged from the first powder feeder 110 is divided into two parts after entering the powder feeding channel 511. The two powder flows downwards along the channel 522 on the surface of the splitter cone 521 until the two powder flows into the corresponding powder outlet channel 523, and finally the two powder flows into the corresponding powder outlet pipe through the powder outlet channel 523.
As shown in fig. 7, the rotating disc type powder feeder comprises a motor 610, a rotating disc 612, a powder hopper 614 and a powder suction pipe assembly 615; an output shaft of the motor 610 is connected with the center of the turntable 612 and is used for driving the turntable 612 to rotate; two powder receiving grooves 613 are formed in the upper surface of the rotary table 612, the two powder receiving grooves 613 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the rotary table 612, the powder hopper 614 and the powder suction pipe assembly 615 are arranged above the circumference of the two powder receiving grooves 613, and the powder hopper 614 and the powder suction pipe assembly 615 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the rotary table 612; the powder hopper 614 is used for supplying the powder receiving groove 613 with the cladding material powder, and the powder suction pipe assembly 615 is communicated with a corresponding powder distributor and is used for sucking the cladding material powder in the powder receiving groove 613 into the powder distributor.
Since the two powder receiving grooves 613 are symmetrical about the center of the rotating disk 612, and the powder hoppers 614 and the powder suction pipe assemblies 615 are arranged above the circumferences of the two powder receiving grooves 613, when one of the powder receiving grooves 613 rotates below the powder hoppers 614 during the rotation of the rotating disk 612 driven by the motor 610, the other powder receiving groove 613 rotates just below the powder suction pipe assembly 615. The powder hopper 614 discharges the powder of the cladding material charged therein into the powder receiving groove 613 therebelow, and the powder suction pipe assembly 615 sucks the powder of the cladding material from the powder receiving groove 613 therebelow.
Further, the hopper 614 includes a funnel-shaped housing and a valve mounted on the housing. The valve may be, but is not limited to, a solenoid valve. The powder suction pipe assembly 615 comprises a cover body, a powder suction pipe, a containing shell and a fan, wherein the cover body is used for being buckled on the powder receiving groove 613, a penetrating hole is formed in the cover body, one end of the powder suction pipe is fixed in the penetrating hole of the cover body, and the other end of the powder suction pipe is communicated with the containing shell; the fan is arranged in the accommodating shell and is used for forming negative pressure in the powder suction pipe.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the invention, but not to limit it; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A laser cladding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing materials: preprocessing a plurality of powder materials required by laser deposition;
preparing equipment: preparing a laser transmitter, rotary disc type powder feeders corresponding to the powder materials one by one, powder distributors corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeders one by one, and powder discharging assemblies corresponding to the powder distributors one by one; the powder outlet assembly comprises two powder outlet pipes, and the powder distributor is provided with a powder inlet and two powder outlets;
equipment assembling: communicating an outlet of each rotary disc type powder feeder with a corresponding powder inlet of the powder distributor, and communicating two powder outlets of the powder distributor with inlets of two powder outlet pipes of the corresponding powder outlet assembly respectively; fixing the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly on two sides of a laser head of the laser emitter respectively, and enabling the two powder outlet pipes to be symmetrical about the center of the laser head;
adjusting the coupling of the light powder: adjusting the angles of the two powder outlet pipes of the powder outlet assembly to enable the outlets of the two powder outlet pipes to face to light spots generated by the laser head;
measuring the powder amount: filling the corresponding powder material into the rotating disc type powder feeder; measuring the powder outlet amount of the two powder outlet pipes of each powder outlet assembly within a preset time length for multiple times to ensure that the difference value of the powder outlet amount of the two powder outlet pipes of each powder outlet assembly is not greater than a preset difference value; respectively measuring the total powder discharging amount of the rotary disc of each rotary disc type powder feeder and the corresponding powder discharging assembly at different revolutions;
determining the relation between the total powder output per minute and the revolution of the rotary disc: determining the relation between the total powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder according to the powder output amounts of the two powder output pipes of each powder output assembly within a preset time length and the total powder output amount of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder and the corresponding powder output assemblies under different revolutions;
laser cladding: according to the total mass of the powder materials required by laser deposition per minute, the mass ratio of the multiple powder materials, and the relation between the powder output quantity per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder, the revolution per minute of the rotary disc type powder feeder is adjusted.
2. The laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the material preparing step includes:
screening various powder materials required by laser deposition by using a screen;
and respectively placing the powder materials at a preset temperature for vacuum drying for a specified time.
3. The laser cladding method according to claim 2, wherein the mesh number of the mesh is 80 to 325 mesh, the preset temperature is 100 to 200 ℃, and the specified time period is 2 hours.
4. The laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein said equipment assembling step further comprises:
and adjusting the installation angle of the powder distributor to enable the powder inlet of the powder distributor to face upwards, the two powder outlets of the powder distributor to face downwards and enable the powder inlet direction of the powder inlet to be a vertical direction.
5. The laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the preset difference is 5 g.
6. Laser cladding method according to any of the claims 1-5, wherein the step of determining the relation between the total amount of powder discharged per minute and the number of revolutions of the turntable comprises:
calculating the total powder discharging amount of each powder discharging assembly within a preset time;
dividing the total powder discharging amount of each powder discharging assembly within a preset time length by the preset time length to obtain the total powder discharging amount per minute of each powder discharging assembly;
calculating the single powder discharging average increment corresponding to each rotation of the turntable powder feeder according to the total powder discharging amount of the powder discharging assembly when the turntable of the turntable powder feeder rotates for 1 rotation, 2 rotations, 3 rotations, 4 rotations and 5 rotations in sequence;
determining the relationship between the total powder output amount per minute of the powder output assembly and the revolution of the rotary disc corresponding to the rotary disc type powder feeder as follows: total powder output per minute-average increment of single powder output-revolutions per minute of the turntable.
7. The laser cladding method of claim 6 wherein said adjusting the revolutions per minute of the rotating disk powder feeder comprises: the revolutions per minute of the rotating disk corresponds to the mass ratio of the powder material per average increment of powder output.
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