CN111906693B - Grinding arc area thermal power integrated measurement device and method - Google Patents
Grinding arc area thermal power integrated measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111906693B CN111906693B CN202010730471.3A CN202010730471A CN111906693B CN 111906693 B CN111906693 B CN 111906693B CN 202010730471 A CN202010730471 A CN 202010730471A CN 111906693 B CN111906693 B CN 111906693B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/14—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the temperature during grinding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grinding arc area thermal power integration measuring device and method, which comprises a first fixing piece, a second fixing piece and a stress piece which are conductive, and further comprises a clamping piece, a data acquisition system and a computer, wherein the clamping piece is used for relatively fixing the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, the contact surfaces of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece form a cavity for placing the stress piece, and the bottom of the stress piece is in insulation tight fit with the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece. The invention adopts the matching of the metal T-shaped cantilever beam which is made of the same material as the grinding workpiece and the grinding wheel, the force-measuring strain gauge is arranged on the cantilever beam, the temperature-measuring thermocouple is arranged on the elastic deformation stroke of the force-measuring strain gauge, the T-shaped cantilever beam is driven to bend and deform towards the fixing part by the grinding force of the grinding wheel, and the T-shaped cantilever beam and the thermocouple at the fixing part are lapped to form a temperature-measuring loop, thereby realizing the synchronous and integrated measurement of the grinding force and the grinding temperature of the grinding arc area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grinding processing, in particular to a grinding arc area thermal power integrated measurement device and method.
Background
At present, grinding is used as an important processing means of precision processing, and plays an important role in improving the precision, reliability, service life and the like of mechanical products. The energy consumption for removing the material in unit volume in the grinding process is high, and the energy is dissipated to a grinding arc area as heat, so that the temperature of the arc area is as high as 200-1500 ℃, and further, the heat damage of the workpiece is caused, such as burning, phase change, softening, residual tensile stress, cracks and reduction of fatigue strength. Grinding forces easily cause damage to the material surface/subsurface and are crucial for energy consumption and grinding temperature, which are important parameters for analyzing the grinding heat characteristics. In addition, the grinding force also affects the electromechanical coupling characteristics of a grinding electric spindle system, the abrasion of a grinding wheel, the deformation of a process system and the like, and finally affects the stability of the grinding system and the processing quality of parts.
In the field of grinding, grinding temperature and grinding force are two most important research parameters in grinding, and a large amount of grinding temperature and grinding force measurement data are required when the grinding processability and the grinding process mechanism of a material are researched and the processing precision and the surface quality are improved. The traditional temperature measurement and force measurement mode of plane grinding is 'upper temperature measurement and lower force measurement', namely a temperature sensor is arranged in a test piece, and a force measuring instrument is arranged below the test piece; the traditional temperature measurement and force measurement mode of cylindrical grinding is 'middle temperature measurement and side force measurement', namely a temperature sensor is arranged in a shaft test piece, and a force measuring instrument is arranged on the side edge (the top point). However, the above measurement method has the following disadvantages:
firstly, two measuring instruments are used separately and are not integrated into a grinding arc area, grinding temperature and grinding force data always have certain time lag in the measurement process, and absolute 'synchronous' measurement is not carried out, so that certain influence is brought to the follow-up research of the thermal coupling effect; secondly, because the grinding force data is continuous during measurement and the grinding temperature data is intermittent, the force corresponding to the grinding temperature is difficult to search from the continuous grinding force data, and the difficulty of analyzing the thermal coupling effect of the grinding arc area is increased; and thirdly, as the dynamometer is added in the grinding system, the rigidity of the grinding system is reduced, and the grinding surface quality of the test piece is further influenced. Finally, the force gauges commonly used in the grinding force measurement process are expensive and are not acceptable to the enterprise. In order to understand the thermal coupling effect of the grinding arc area more deeply, monitor the grinding process more timely and accurately, improve the grinding quality and the grinding efficiency effectively, reduce the grinding temperature and the grinding force measurement cost, and urgently need a low-cost and practical grinding arc area heat/force integrated measurement device and method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grinding arc area thermal integration measuring device and method, which not only can synchronously and accurately measure the grinding temperature and the grinding force in the grinding arc area, but also can integrate temperature measurement and force measurement together, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a grinding arc area heat integration measuring device comprises a first fixing piece, a second fixing piece and a stress piece which are conductive, and further comprises a clamping piece, a data acquisition system and a computer, wherein the clamping piece is used for enabling the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece to be fixed relatively, contact surfaces of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece form a cavity for placing the stress piece, the bottom of the stress piece is in insulation tight fit with the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, the upper portion of the stress piece and the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are arranged in a clearance mode, and after the three parts are assembled, the upper end portion of the stress piece is not lower than the tops of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece; the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are respectively and correspondingly provided with a straight groove in the vertical direction relative to the position of the stress piece, an insulating layer and a thermocouple are sequentially arranged in the straight grooves,
the stress piece comprises an elastic piece and a strain gauge, the strain gauge is arranged on the strain gauge in a Wheatstone bridge circuit pasting mode, the strain gauge and the thermocouple are connected with the input end of the data acquisition system through an outer lead respectively, the output end of the data acquisition system is connected with a computer, and the elastic piece is made of the same material as the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece.
The clearance between the upper part of the elastic part and the first fixing part and the clearance between the upper part of the elastic part and the second fixing part are both 0.01-0.1 mm.
The insulating layer is a mica sheet.
The cross section of the cavity between the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece is of an inverted T shape.
The elastic part is an inverted T-shaped elastic part with a cantilever beam.
The thickness H of the cantilever beam arm is 1-10 mm.
A measuring method based on a grinding arc area heat/force integrated measuring device comprises a first fixing piece, a second fixing piece and a stress piece which are conductive, a clamping piece, a data acquisition system and a computer, wherein the clamping piece is used for relatively fixing the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, contact surfaces of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece form a cavity for placing the stress piece, the bottom of the stress piece is in insulation tight fit with the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, the upper part of the stress piece and the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are arranged in a gap mode, after the three parts are assembled, the upper end part of the stress piece is not lower than the tops of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, and a lead is arranged at the bottom of the stress piece; the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are respectively and correspondingly provided with a straight groove in the vertical direction relative to the position of the stress piece, and an insulating layer and a thermocouple are sequentially arranged in the straight grooves;
the stress piece comprises an elastic piece and a strain gauge, the strain gauge is pasted on the strain gauge by adopting a Wheatstone bridge circuit, the strain gauge and the thermocouple are respectively connected with the input end of the data acquisition system through an external lead, and the output end of the output acquisition system is connected with the computer; the method comprises the following steps:
step A: firstly, fixing a first fixing piece, a second fixing piece and a stress piece on a workbench through a fastening piece to ensure that the bottoms of the first fixing piece, the second fixing piece and the stress piece are in insulating close fit, and connecting a data acquisition system and a computer through a data line respectively;
and B: starting equipment for grinding, wherein when a grinding wheel begins to grind a cantilever beam 71 of a stress part, the cantilever beam 71 is bent and compressed, and when the cantilever beam is bent to a certain degree, the cantilever beam is lapped with a thermocouple arranged on a first fixing part or a second fixing part to form a thermocouple joint T1 or T2 so as to form a thermoelectric potential loop, a data acquisition system acquires thermoelectric potential data and sends the thermoelectric potential data to a computer, and meanwhile, a strain gauge 8 arranged on the cantilever beam outputs the strain at the moment to the data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system sends the strain to the computer;
and C: the computer can output the temperature and the force in the grinding arc area after the received thermoelectric potential data and the strain variable are subjected to temperature calibration and strain calibration.
The invention adopts a metal T-shaped elastic part made of the same material as a grinding workpiece and fixing parts arranged on two sides of the metal T-shaped elastic part to be matched with a grinding wheel, a force measuring strain gauge is arranged on a cantilever beam of the T-shaped elastic part, a temperature measuring thermocouple is arranged on the elastic deformation stroke of the T-shaped elastic part, the cantilever beam is driven to bend and deform towards the fixing part by the grinding force of the grinding wheel, and the cantilever beam is lapped with the thermocouple on the fixing part to form a temperature measuring loop, so that the grinding force and the grinding temperature of a grinding arc area are synchronously and integrally measured, the stress part solves the traditional separate measurement problems of upper temperature measurement, lower force measurement or middle temperature measurement, side force measurement and the like, the thermal coupling effect of the grinding arc area is more deeply understood, the grinding process is more timely and accurately monitored, and the grinding temperature and the grinding force are measured. The invention provides a device and a method which have simple principle and low manufacturing cost and are worth of popularization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state of grinding when the table moves rightward according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a grinding state when the table of the present invention is moved leftward;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the first or second fastener of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the installation position of the strain gauge according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the invention includes a first fixing member 3, a second fixing member 11 and a stress member having conductivity, and further includes a clamping member 2, a data acquisition system 9 and a computer 10, wherein the clamping member is used for relatively fixing the first fixing member 3 and the second fixing member 11, the contact surfaces of the first fixing member 3 and the second fixing member 11 form a cavity for placing the stress member, the bottom of the stress member is tightly matched with the first fixing member 3 and the second fixing member 11 in an insulating manner, and an insulating pad 13 is used for insulating the three in practical use; the upper part of the stress piece is arranged with a gap with the first fixing piece 3 and the second fixing piece 11, and after the three parts are assembled, the upper end part of the stress piece is not lower than the tops of the first fixing piece 3 and the second fixing piece 11, and the bottom of the stress piece is provided with a lead 12; the first fixing part 3 and the second fixing part 11 are respectively and correspondingly provided with a straight groove 31 in the vertical direction relative to the position of the stress part, and an insulating layer 4 and a thermocouple 5 are sequentially arranged in the straight groove 31; the first fixing piece 3 and the second fixing piece 11 are special test pieces with the same structure and size, and are arranged oppositely when in use.
Stress element include elastic component 7 and foil gage 8, foil gage 8 pastes according to wheatstone bridge circuit and sets up on the cantilever beam 71 of elastic component 7, wire 12 sets up in the bottom of elastic component, one end is connected with elastic component 7, the other end is connected with data acquisition system's input, and foil gage 8 and thermocouple 5 are equallyd divide and are do not connected with data acquisition system 9's input through the outer wire, data acquisition system 9's output is connected with computer 10, elastic component 7's material is the same with first, second mounting, guarantees the data accuracy of test.
According to the invention, the bottom parts of the first fixing part 3 and the second fixing part 11 are arranged to clamp and fix the stress part, and the top parts of the first fixing part and the second fixing part are provided with the thermocouple 5 and the strain gauge 8 in a certain clearance, so that synchronous and integrated measurement can be realized during grinding. When the grinding wheel 6 grinds the stress part, thrust and pressure in the rotating direction, namely grinding tangential force and grinding normal force, are generated on the stress part, so that the stress part is inclined and compressed, force change can be measured in real time by arranging the strain gauge 8 on the stress part, then the grinding tangential force and the grinding normal force of the grinding wheel 6 are obtained, meanwhile, as the stress part is inclined to a certain degree (related to the size of a gap and the size of the grinding force and can be set according to actual requirements), the strain gauge can be contacted with the thermocouple 5 arranged in the first fixing part 3 or the second fixing part 11, the thermocouple 5 at the first fixing part 3 or the second fixing part 11 and the stress part form a thermocouple joint to form a temperature measuring loop, and further the grinding temperature of a grinding arc area can be measured, so that the synchronous measurement of the temperature and the force can be ensured, and the temperature and the grinding arc area can be integrated, the measuring cost is greatly reduced, the measuring precision is improved, and the problem of 'precedence' and 'separation' of the existing measuring equipment is solved.
The clearance between the upper part of the elastic part 7 and the first fixing part 3 and the clearance between the upper part of the elastic part and the second fixing part 11 are both 0.01-0.1 mm, and the size of the clearance can be adjusted according to the grinding force or the elastic strength of the elastic part 7.
The insulating layer 4 is a mica sheet. The cross-section of the cavity between the first fixing member 3 and the second fixing member 11 is T-shaped in order to allow the thermocouple 5 to be provided to the first or second fixing member while being insulated therefrom. The elastic part 7 is of an inverted T-shaped structure and is provided with a cantilever beam 71, the thickness H of the cantilever beam 71 is 1-10 mm, and the thickness of the cantilever beam can be adjusted according to the grinding force. The cantilever beam 71 can satisfy the requirement of realizing the measurement of force while the bottom is stable, and other structural components which can satisfy the requirement can be used according to the requirement, which are not described in detail herein.
A measuring method based on a grinding arc area heat/force integrated measuring device is disclosed, wherein the grinding arc area heat/force integrated measuring device comprises the following steps:
step A: firstly, fixing a first fixing part, a second fixing part and a stress part on a workbench 1 through a clamping part, so that the bottoms of the first fixing part, the second fixing part and the stress part are in insulating close fit, and a strain gauge and a thermocouple are respectively connected with a data acquisition system and a computer through data lines; specifically, 0.01 mm-0.02 mm thick mica sheets 4 are pasted into the straight groove 31 of the fixing part, and then the constantan wire 5 is pasted to the mica sheets 4. The thickness H of a cantilever beam 71 of the T-shaped elastic part 7 is 1-10 mm, then the strain gauge 8 is pasted to the waist part of the elastic part 7 according to a Wheatstone bridge circuit (as shown in figure 5), the elastic part 7 pasted with the strain gauge 8 is arranged between a first fixing part and a second fixing part and is tightened by a clamp 2, a gap of 0.01-0.1 mm is ensured between the elastic part 7 and the thermocouple 5, the thermocouple wire 5 is led out from the strain gauge 8 and is connected with a data acquisition system 9 and a computer 10 by an external lead,
and B: starting equipment to carry out grinding operation, as shown in fig. 2, when the workbench moves rightwards, when the grinding wheel 6 grinds the cantilever beam 71 of the stress part, the cantilever beam 71 is bent and compressed, and when the cantilever beam is bent and compressed to a certain degree, the cantilever beam is overlapped with a thermocouple arranged on the first fixing part to form a thermocouple junction T1, so that a thermoelectric potential loop is formed, a data acquisition system acquires thermoelectric potential data and sends the thermoelectric potential data to a computer, meanwhile, a strain gauge 8 arranged on the cantilever beam outputs the strain at the moment to the data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system sends the strain to the computer; in practical applications, the elastic member 7 and the first and second fixing members are made of the same material, and are all metal test pieces. When the worktable moves leftwards as shown in fig. 3, when the grinding wheel 6 grinds the cantilever beam 71 of the elastic member 7, the cantilever beam 71 bends and compresses, and when the cantilever beam bends to a certain extent, the cantilever beam overlaps with the thermocouple arranged on the second fixing member to form a thermocouple joint T2, and further a thermoelectric potential loop is formed, and meanwhile, the strain sheet 8 outputs the strain at the moment, and after temperature calibration and strain calibration, the temperature and the force in the grinding arc area are obtained. When the grinding wheel 6 leaves the temperature and force integration test area, the cantilever beam 71 of the elastic member 7 is no longer stressed, and the production springs back to the original position, as shown in fig. 1.
And C: the computer can output the temperature and the force in the grinding arc area after the received thermoelectric potential data and the strain variable are subjected to temperature calibration and strain calibration.
The device and the method of the invention skillfully utilize the elastic deformation principle of the elastic cantilever beam, realize the integrated measurement of the temperature and the force of the grinding arc area, solve the traditional separated measurement problems of 'upper temperature measurement, lower force measurement' or 'middle temperature measurement, side force measurement', and the like, and provide a cheap and practical integrated measurement device and method of the heat/force of the grinding arc area for deeply researching the thermal coupling effect of the grinding arc area, accurately monitoring the grinding process in time, effectively improving the grinding quality and the grinding efficiency, and reducing the measurement cost of the grinding temperature and the grinding force. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the terms of orientation, such as "central", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., it indicates that the orientation and positional relationship shown in the drawings are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated without limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.
It is noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and claims of the present application are used for
Similar objects are distinguished and not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the application of the principles of the technology. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and may include more effective embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a grinding arc district thermal power integrated measuring device which characterized in that: the clamping piece is used for relatively fixing the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, a cavity for placing the stress piece is formed by contact surfaces of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, the bottom of the stress piece is in insulating tight fit with the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, the upper part of the stress piece and the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are arranged in a clearance mode, and after the three parts are assembled, the upper end of the stress piece is not lower than the tops of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece; the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are respectively and correspondingly provided with a straight groove in the vertical direction relative to the position of the stress piece, and an insulating layer and a thermocouple are sequentially arranged in the straight grooves;
stress piece include elastic component and foil gage, the foil gage adopts wheatstone bridge circuit to paste the setting on the elastic component, and foil gage and thermocouple equally divide and do not be connected with data acquisition system's input through the outer wire, data acquisition system's output and computer link, the material of elastic component is the same with the material of first, second mounting.
2. The grinding arc thermal integration measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the clearance between the upper part of the elastic part and the first fixing part and the clearance between the upper part of the elastic part and the second fixing part are both 0.01-0.1 mm.
3. The grinding arc thermal integration measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are grinding workpieces.
4. The grinding arc thermal integration measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the cavity between the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece is of an inverted T shape.
5. The grinding arc thermal integration measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the elastic part is an inverted T-shaped elastic part with a cantilever beam.
6. The grinding arc thermal integration measuring device of claim 5, wherein: the thickness H of the cantilever beam is 1-10 mm.
7. A measuring method based on a grinding arc area heat integration measuring device comprises a first fixing piece, a second fixing piece and a stress piece which are conductive, a clamping piece, a data acquisition system and a computer, wherein the clamping piece is used for relatively fixing the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, contact surfaces of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece form a cavity for placing the stress piece, the bottom of the stress piece is tightly matched with the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece, the upper part of the stress piece and the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are arranged in a clearance mode, and after the three parts are assembled, the upper end of the stress piece is not lower than the tops of the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece; the first fixing piece and the second fixing piece are respectively and correspondingly provided with a straight groove in the vertical direction relative to the position of the stress piece, and an insulating layer and a thermocouple are sequentially arranged in the straight grooves;
the stress piece comprises an elastic piece and a strain gauge, the strain gauge is pasted on the elastic piece by adopting a Wheatstone bridge circuit, the strain gauge and the thermocouple are respectively connected with the input end of the data acquisition system through an external lead, and the output end of the data acquisition system is connected with the computer; the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step A: firstly, fixing a first fixing part, a second fixing part and a stress part on a workbench through a clamping part, so that the bottoms of the first fixing part, the second fixing part and the stress part are tightly matched, and a strain gauge and a thermocouple are respectively connected with a data acquisition system and a computer through data lines;
and B: starting equipment for grinding, wherein when a grinding wheel begins to grind a cantilever beam of a stress part, the cantilever beam is bent and compressed, and when the cantilever beam is bent to a certain degree, the cantilever beam is lapped with a thermocouple arranged on a first fixing part or a second fixing part so as to form a thermocouple joint and further form a thermoelectric potential loop, a data acquisition system acquires thermoelectric potential data and sends the thermoelectric potential data to a computer, meanwhile, a strain gauge (8) arranged on the cantilever beam outputs the strain at the moment to the data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system sends the strain to the computer;
and C: the computer can output the temperature and the force in the grinding arc area after the received thermoelectric potential data and the strain variable are subjected to temperature calibration and strain calibration.
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