CN111898261B - Ammunition reaction intensity quantitative evaluation method based on combustion network reaction evolution model - Google Patents
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ammunition reaction intensity quantitative evaluation method based on a combustion network reaction evolution model. The method relates to the technical field of insensitive ammunition, can solve the problem of calculation of the combustion reaction growth evolution after accidental ignition of the strongly-constrained ammunition charge, and solves the difficult problems of reaction intensity control and quantitative evaluation of the ammunition under accidental stimulation such as high temperature and burning. According to the method for evaluating the projectile body charging safety based on the combustion network reaction evolution model, the combustion reaction growth evolution process after the strong constraint ammunition charging is ignited is modeled, the growth histories of the internal pressure, the reactivity and the like of the projectile body close to the actual state are quantitatively given, the reactivity models of the pressure model in the shell and the charging base body are obtained, the reaction intensity of ammunition is finally obtained, the objective description of the reaction growth evolution behavior after the ammunition charging is realized, and a theoretical basis is provided for the design of the strong constraint insensitive ammunition, the control of the reaction intensity and the quantitative evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insensitive ammunition, in particular to an ammunition reaction intensity quantitative evaluation method based on a combustion network reaction evolution model.
Background
In the whole life process of storage, transportation or service and the like, the ammunition is inevitably subjected to accidental thermal/mechanical stimulation such as falling, impact, burning or long-term exposure to a high-temperature environment, and the like, so that the ammunition is ignited and burnt until explosion even turns into typical non-impact ignition accident reaction such as detonation and the like, and disastrous results are caused. Aiming at typical ammunition charging, high-temperature product gas enters an explosive matrix gap and an explosive and shell structure gap after ignition, gap explosive is heated to cause the surface of a gap wall to burn, so that the pressure in the gap is rapidly accumulated, cracks are driven to rapidly branch and expand to form a combustion crack network, the combustion surface area is sharply increased, namely, so-called self-enhanced combustion, and the pressure is rapidly increased until the shell is cracked and disintegrated to cause damage to external work. The reaction evolution process of the non-impact ignition accident is very complex, is influenced by various factors such as the strength of a constrained structure, the inertial constraint capability, the inherent intrinsic combustion characteristic of the explosive and the development and evolution of cracks, relates to the problems of dynamic damage crack initiation, expansion and bifurcation, gas-solid coupling of product gas and cracks, fluid-solid coupling action and the like in the explosive structure, belongs to typical reaction behaviors with multiple physics, multiple factors and multiple process association, and is always the bottleneck in the research field of ammunition safety in the ammunition charging non-impact ignition accident reaction evolution behavior, thereby restricting the development of the current design and evaluation of insensitive ammunition.
At present, the research on the evolution behavior of the explosive charging ignition reaction is less, the emphasis is placed on the experimental research, most of the models for theoretically establishing the reaction evolution after ignition are single crack models, and the difference with the reaction mechanism after ignition of the ammunition charging is huge. The only and the most approximate method of the invention is that Hill proposed a crack network combustion model in 2006, which considers the constraint strength of a shell and the permeation effect of high-pressure flame to microcracks, but the model is limited to a one-dimensional state, only considers the elastic deformation of a thin-wall shell, does not consider the expansion of charge cracks and the fracture state of an elastomer, has larger difference with the actual evolution process of ammunition charge, and cannot give the termination state of reaction evolution, so that the model cannot be directly applied to the engineering design of insensitive ammunition and the quantitative evaluation of the reaction intensity, and cannot solve the problems of the control and the quantitative evaluation of the reaction intensity of the ammunition under the accidental stimulation of high temperature, firing and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an ammunition reaction intensity evaluation method based on a combustion network reaction evolution model, which can solve the calculation problem of combustion reaction growth evolution after accidental ignition of strongly-constrained ammunition charge and solve the difficult problems of reaction intensity control and quantitative evaluation of ammunition under accidental stimulation of high temperature, firing and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the ammunition consists of a shell and a charging system, wherein the shell is an inert shell with a regular shape; wherein the total volume V of the charge system comprises the volume V of the charge matrix e And crack volume V c Namely: v is V e +V c (ii) a The crack being treated as crack-likeThe slot space, namely: v c (ii) S δ; wherein S is the total surface area of the crack network; delta is the crack width.
After ignition is carried out at the central position of a charging system, cracks are generated, combustion is driven to grow in the cracks, and the cracks are driven to grow further, so that a combustion network reaction evolution process model which advances according to time is constructed as follows:
step1, initial time t is 0, and initial value of pressure P in ammunition cartridge case is P 0 0, crack defect in the charge system but initial value of crack width delta is delta 0 0; the initial value of the total volume V of the charging system is V 0 ＝V e0 In which V is e0 Volume V of charge matrix e Is started.
Step2, ignition combustion start time t IG The pressure P in the housing reaches P IG Randomly distributed cracks appear on the charge matrix, and the width delta of the cracks is delta IG Combustion area activated at the time of combustion initiation is S IG (ii) a During the evolution process of the subsequent combustion reaction, the following volume compatibility relational formula is established:
wherein,
the volume strain of the charge system is marked as epsilon v ，P＝I×ε v I is the generalized equivalent stiffness of the shell;
volume strain of charge matrix, marked ε ve ，P＝-B×ε ve (ii) a And B is the bulk modulus of the charge matrix.
The generalized rigidity of the ammunition is recorded as M and meets the requirement
Then there is
Step3, igniting the charge, generating gas products by charge combustion, accelerating crack bifurcation and expansion to form a combustion crack network, and constructing a shell internal pressure model in the combustion reaction evolution process as follows:
wherein Z is an intermediate reference number, and wherein,
alpha is a coefficient in a Vielle law corresponding to the combustion rate of charge; r is p Is the gas universal constant, T p The temperature of the gaseous products of combustion of the charge; xi is an integral variable, and beta is an index in the Vielle law corresponding to the combustion rate of the charge.
The total surface area S of the crack network is a function of the pressure P in the shell and is expressed as follows:
wherein S max Saturated surface area for combustion cracks, P ref The reference pressure is 0.1 MPa;
is the pressure related coefficient of the charge.
Step4, when the pressure P in the shell reaches P b The shell is broken, and the moment of breaking the shell is t b Constructing a reactivity model of the charge of
Wherein lambda is the reactivity of the charge system;
unit of expressionCombustion surface area to produce a product mass flow that satisfies the Vielle law
ρ e0 Is the density of the charge matrix.
And estimating the ammunition charging reaction intensity according to the built shell internal pressure model and the reactivity model of the charging base body.
Wherein Q f In order to provide the combustion heat for the charge matrix,
maximum reaction rate of charge matrix, E det In order to charge the explosive heat,
is the detonation energy release rate of the charge matrix.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a projectile body charging safety evaluation method based on a combustion network reaction evolution model, which can solve the problem of calculation of combustion reaction growth evolution after accidental ignition of strongly-constrained ammunition charging, quantitatively gives the growth history of internal pressure, reactivity and the like of a projectile body close to the actual state, realizes objective description of reaction growth evolution behavior after ammunition charging ignition, provides theoretical basis for design of strongly-constrained insensitive ammunition, control and quantitative evaluation of reaction intensity, and solves the difficult problems of reaction intensity control and quantitative evaluation of ammunition under accidental stimulation of high temperature, firing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ammunition reaction intensity quantitative evaluation method based on a combustion network reaction evolution model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the structural components of ammunition in an embodiment of the present invention; (a) a schematic diagram of an ammunition structure confined by a spherical shell; (b) a schematic of a cartridge structure confined by a cylindrical casing.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an ammunition reaction intensity quantitative evaluation method based on a combustion network reaction evolution model, which mainly aims at a strongly-constrained ammunition to construct a combustion network and establish a constrained explosive combustion crack network reaction evolution model, wherein the structural composition of the ammunition aimed at by the invention is shown in figure 2, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of an ammunition structure constrained by a spherical shell; (b) a schematic of a cartridge structure confined by a cylindrical casing.
Ignition of a certain intensity takes place in the central position of the charge, while local cracks are created, in which the combustion propagates. Considering that the explosive sound velocity and the combustion reaction drive crack propagation process are in the same order of magnitude, assuming that local pressure disturbance instantly distributes the whole explosive system, and simultaneously is restrained by a spherical shell, a cylinder or other inert shells in regular shapes, so as to reach a dynamic balance state. It is worth pointing out that the cracks and crack propagation mentioned in the present invention generally refer to the initial holes of the solid explosive charge, cracks and the macro-micro holes, cracks and other various forms of damage and damage evolution generated under various stimulation loads.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ammunition reaction intensity quantitative evaluation method based on the combustion network reaction evolution model comprises an ammunition, a shell and a charging system, wherein the shell is an inert shell with a regular shape; wherein the total volume V of the charge system comprises the volume V of the charge matrix e And crack volume V c Namely: v is V e +V c (ii) a The crack treatment is a crack-like space, i.e.: v c δ — S; wherein S is the total surface area of the crack network; delta is the crack width.
After ignition is carried out at the central position of a charging system, cracks are generated, combustion is driven to grow further while expanding in the cracks, and the following combustion network reaction evolution process model is constructed according to time advance:
step1, initial time t is 0, and initial value of pressure P in ammunition cartridge case is P 0 0, crack defect in the charge system but initial value of crack width delta is delta 0 0; the initial value of the total volume V of the charging system is V 0 ＝V e0 In which V is e0 Is the volume V of the charge matrix e Is started.
Step2, ignition combustion start time t IG The pressure P in the housing reaches P IG The charge having randomly distributed cracks, the width delta of the cracks being delta IG The combustion area is S IG (ii) a During the evolution process of the subsequent combustion reaction, the following volume compatibility relational formula is established:
wherein,
volume strain of charge system, marked as ε v ，P＝I×ε v And I is the generalized equivalent stiffness of the housing.
Volume strain of charge matrix, marked as ε ve ，P＝-B×ε ve (ii) a And B is the bulk modulus of the charge matrix.
The generalized rigidity of the ammunition is recorded as M and meets the requirement
Then there are:
the method is characterized in that an ideal elastoplasticity constitutive model is adopted to describe a shell material, the conditions of a thin shell, a medium thick/thick shell and the like are considered, and aiming at shells with different shapes such as a circular ring, a cylinder, a spherical shell and the like, the generalized equivalent stiffness I of the shell can be calculated according to the elastoplasticity deformation of the shell, specifically, the generalized equivalent stiffness I can be referred to the elastoplasticity deformation stress field, the strain field and the generalized equivalent stiffness I expression of the thin-wall shell with different shapes, such as table 1, or the elastoplasticity deformation stress field, the displacement field and the generalized equivalent stiffness I expression of the medium thick/thick-wall shell with different shapes, wherein the table 2 is the elastoplasticity deformation stress field, the displacement field and the generalized equivalent stiffness I expression of the medium thick/thick-wall cylinder shell with two closed ends, and the table 3 is the elastoplasticity deformation stress field, the displacement field and the generalized equivalent stiffness I expression of the medium thick/thick spherical shell.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
Step3, after ignition, the charge is ignited, the charge burns to generate gas products, the bifurcation and the propagation of cracks are promoted, a combustion crack network is formed, and the total surface area S for constructing the combustion crack network is a function of the pressure P in the shell and is expressed as follows:
wherein S is max Surface area for combustion crack saturation, P ref The reference pressure is 0.1 MPa;
is the pressure related coefficient of the charge; s IG The combustion area activated for the start of combustion.
Then, in the process of constructing the evolution of the combustion reaction, the pressure model in the shell is as follows:
wherein Z is an intermediate reference value,
alpha is a combustion coefficient in a Vielle law corresponding to the combustion rate of charging; r p Is a universal gas constant, T p The temperature of the gaseous products of combustion of the charge; m is the generalized rigidity of an ammunition system, and satisfies
Xi is an integral variable, and beta is a combustion index in Vielle's law corresponding to the combustion rate of the charge.
Step4, when the pressure P in the shell reaches P b The shell is broken, and the moment of breaking the shell is t b The reactivity model of the charge matrix at this point:
wherein
Expresses the mass flow of the product generated by unit combustion surface area and satisfies Vielle law
ρ e0 Is the charge density.
Estimating the ammunition charging reaction intensity K according to the built shell internal pressure model and the reactivity model of the charging base body vio . Reaction intensity model:
wherein Q is f In order to charge the combustion heat of the powder,
maximum reaction rate of charge matrix, E det In order to charge the explosive heat,
is the detonation energy release rate (power) of the charge matrix.
According to the reaction intensity K of the ammunition charge vio Ammunition safety can be assessed directly, i.e. the higher the reaction intensity the lower the safety.
According to the specific embodiment, the combustion reaction growth evolution process after ignition of the strongly-constrained ammunition charge is modeled, the growth history of the internal pressure, the reactivity and the like of the ammunition close to the actual state is quantitatively given, the pressure model in the shell and the reactivity model of the charge substrate are obtained, the reaction intensity of the ammunition is finally obtained, objective description of the reaction growth evolution behavior after ignition of the ammunition charge is realized, a theoretical basis is provided for designing the strongly-constrained insensitive ammunition, controlling the reaction intensity and quantitatively evaluating the reaction intensity, and the difficult problems of reaction intensity control and quantitative evaluation of the ammunition under accidental stimulation of high temperature, firing and the like are solved.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The ammunition reaction intensity quantitative evaluation method based on the combustion network reaction evolution model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the ammunition consists of a shell and a charging system, wherein the shell is an inert shell with a regular shape; wherein the total volume V of the charge system comprises the volume V of the charge matrix e And crack volume V c Namely: v is V e +V c (ii) a The crack treatment is a crack-like space, namely: v c (ii) S δ; wherein S is the total surface area of the crack network; delta is the crack width;
after ignition is carried out at the central position of the charging system, a crack is generated, combustion is driven to grow further while expanding in the crack, and a combustion network reaction evolution process model advancing according to time is constructed as follows:
step1, initial time t is 0, and initial value of pressure P in the ammunition cartridge case isP 0 0, crack defect in the charge system but initial value of crack width delta is delta 0 0; the initial value of the total volume V of the charging system is V 0 ＝V e0 In which V is e0 Is the volume V of the charge matrix e An initial value of (1);
step2, ignition combustion start time t IG The pressure P in the housing reaches P IG Randomly distributed cracks appear on the charge matrix, and the width delta of the cracks is delta IG Combustion area activated at the time of combustion initiation is S IG (ii) a During the evolution process of the subsequent combustion reaction, the following volume compatibility relational formula is established:
wherein,
is the bulk strain of the charge system, marked as epsilon v ，P＝I×ε v I is the generalized equivalent stiffness of the shell;
is the bulk strain of the charge matrix, denoted ε ve ，P＝-B×ε ve (ii) a B is the bulk modulus of the charge matrix;
the generalized rigidity of the ammunition is recorded as M and meets the requirement
Then there is
Step3, igniting the charge, generating gas products by charge combustion, accelerating crack bifurcation and expansion to form a combustion crack network, and constructing a shell internal pressure model in the combustion reaction evolution process as follows:
wherein Z is an intermediate reference number,
alpha is a coefficient in a Vielle law corresponding to the combustion rate of the charge; r p Is the gas universal constant, T p The temperature of the gaseous product of combustion of the charge; xi is an integral variable, and beta is an index in a Vielle law corresponding to the combustion rate of the charge;
the total surface area S of the crack network is a function of the pressure P in the shell and is expressed as follows:
wherein S max Saturated surface area for combustion cracks, P ref The reference pressure is 0.1 MPa;
is the pressure related coefficient of the charge;
step4, when the pressure P in the shell reaches P b The shell is broken, and the moment of breaking the shell is t b Constructing a reactivity model of the charge of
Wherein lambda is the reactivity of the charge system;
expresses the mass flow of the product generated by unit combustion surface area and satisfies Vielle law
ρ e0 Density of the charge matrix;
estimating the ammunition charging reaction intensity according to the built in-shell pressure model and the reactivity model of the charging base body;
wherein Q is f In order to provide the combustion heat for the charge matrix,
maximum reaction rate of charge matrix, E det In order to charge the explosive and explode heat,
is the detonation energy release rate of the charge matrix.
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