CN111896069A - Test device and method for measuring water absorption capacity of rockfill material - Google Patents
Test device and method for measuring water absorption capacity of rockfill material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111896069A CN111896069A CN202010566662.0A CN202010566662A CN111896069A CN 111896069 A CN111896069 A CN 111896069A CN 202010566662 A CN202010566662 A CN 202010566662A CN 111896069 A CN111896069 A CN 111896069A
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Abstract
The invention provides a test device and a method for measuring the water absorption capacity of a rockfill material, and the test device comprises an outer tank, an inner tank, an external air source, a pressure compensating device and a controller: the inner tank is sleeved inside the outer tank, and the inner tank is communicated with the outer tank through a communication device; the external air source is communicated with the outer tank and can convey air into the outer tank; the pressure supplementing device is communicated with the outer tank, and the pressure inside the outer tank can be adjusted through the pressure supplementing device; the controller can control the pressure supplementing device to pressurize the interior of the outer tank according to the pressure condition required by the test, and the test device and the method for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material have the advantages of high detection precision and efficiency, simplicity and convenience in operation and easiness in implementation, and can also greatly shorten the measurement time of the saturated water absorption capacity of the rockfill material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water absorption capacity measurement test devices, in particular to a test device and a method for measuring water absorption capacity of a rockfill material.
Background
The water absorption capacity of a rockfill material refers to the ability of the rockfill material to absorb water under a certain pressure, expressed in terms of the volume or mass of water absorbed by the rockfill material per unit volume or unit mass. The water absorption is determined by the number and size of the voids in the rockfill material, and the way the particles are arranged with respect to each other. Generally, the greater the amount of water absorbed, the poorer the engineering properties.
In recent years, the large-scale construction of earth and rockfill dams in China puts forward higher and higher requirements on the mechanical properties of rockfill materials, in numerous tests for researching the properties of the rockfill dams, the water absorption capacity, particularly the saturated water absorption capacity of rockfill material samples are important conditions for test development, and if the water absorption saturation of the samples is not high, even in the test loading process, rockfill material particles are still saturated with water, so that the test results are influenced inevitably. For example, in a triaxial test, the volumetric deformation of the sample is generally determined by measuring the displacement of the sample, and if the sample particles are not fully saturated, the sample particles will continue to absorb water during the shearing of the test, thereby affecting the accuracy of the volumetric displacement measurement. Therefore, the research on the water absorption capacity, especially the saturated water absorption capacity of the rockfill material has very important practical significance and application value.
In addition, the rockfill material filled in the dam needs to bear the pressure generated by the upper water besides the atmospheric pressure, for example, the corresponding water pressure is 1MPa when the water level is 100 m. In this case, water absorption occurs in the small through-cracks in the rock body and in the channels formed by the chemical reaction between the chemical substances in the rock body and water due to the presence of water pressure, and therefore, it is necessary to measure the water absorption amount and the saturated water absorption amount of the rock material under different pressures.
However, because the particles of the rockfill material are large, the time for water absorption saturation is long, and how long the rockfill material needs to be saturated basically to meet the test precision requirement, so far, no clear regulation and no clear detection means exist. The 'study on the saturation time of coarse-grained soil soaking' published in 'university of Chongqing traffic university' book 35, No. 1, of higher Jujun, 2016.2.1 provides a device for measuring the water absorption capacity of rockfill materials under normal pressure, but the reading of the device needs to be manually read, and because the water absorption capacity of rockfill materials changes slowly with time, the manual long-time reading reduces the detection efficiency and precision. Moreover, the device can only be used for measuring the water absorption of the rockfill material under normal pressure, and cannot measure the water absorption of the rockfill material under a specific pressure condition.
In order to improve the detection precision and the detection efficiency and simultaneously measure the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material under different pressures, the applicant provides a test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material under different pressures through early research, which is detailed in Chinese patent with publication number CN107449710B, the device records the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material in the test process through a measuring tube arranged on an inner tank cover, meets different test pressure requirements through arranging an external air source, converts the variation of the water level in the measuring tube into the variation of pressure difference by utilizing an automatic pressure difference measuring device, realizes the measurement of the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material under different times and different pressures through the measurement and the record of the pressure difference, greatly improves the detection precision and the detection efficiency, and simultaneously realizes the measurement of the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material under different pressures. However, in the later use process, the applicant finds that the test device still has the following defects:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: in the experiment process, the inner tank and the outer tank are in a sealed state and are not communicated with the external environment, and the pressure in the upper spaces of the inner tank and the outer tank is gradually reduced along with the increase of the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material, so that the experiment pressure is reduced and the water absorption capacity is changed, and the test device generates deviation on the water absorption capacity measurement result under specific pressure;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the rockfill material has large particles and long water absorption saturation time, the test device converts the variation of the water level in the measuring pipe into the variation of the pressure difference through the automatic pressure difference measuring device, the automatic measurement and recording of the water absorption are realized through the measurement and the recording of the pressure difference, the reading precision and the convenience are improved, but if the saturated water absorption of the rockfill material under certain pressure needs to be measured for a long time, the detection efficiency is still low.
The present application is proposed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a test device and a method for measuring the water absorption capacity of a rockfill material, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the detection precision and the detection efficiency.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of a rockfill material, which comprises an outer tank, an inner tank, an external air source, a pressure compensating device and a controller, wherein the outer tank comprises:
the inner tank is sleeved inside the outer tank, and the inner tank is communicated with the outer tank through a communication device;
the external air source is communicated with the outer tank, and air can be conveyed into the outer tank through the external air source so as to adjust the pressure inside the outer tank before the water absorption measurement test is started to obtain the pressure condition required by the test;
the pressure supplementing device is communicated with the outer tank, and the pressure inside the outer tank can be adjusted through the pressure supplementing device so as to adjust the pressure inside the outer tank in the water absorption capacity measurement test process and keep the pressure inside the outer tank equal to the pressure condition required by the test all the time;
the controller can control the pressure supplementing device to pressurize the inner part of the outer tank according to the pressure condition required by the test.
Further, outer jar includes outer jar wall, base, outer jar lid and pressure sensor, base, outer jar wall outer jar lid top-down sets gradually and sealing connection, encloses jointly into the inner space of outer jar, the pressure supplement device sets up on the outer jar lid.
Further, the outer tank cover is slidably disposed at the upper end of the outer tank wall, and when the controller controls the pressure supplementing device to pressurize the outer tank, the pressure supplementing device can apply pressure to the outer tank cover to drive the outer tank cover to move downward along the inner surface of the outer tank wall, so as to compress the volume of the gas in the outer tank and adjust the pressure of the gas in the outer tank.
Further, outer tank closure is fixed to be set up outer tank wall upper end, mend pressure equipment with outer tank closure sealing connection, just mend pressure equipment and can stretch into through sliding in the outer jar, work as controller control mend pressure equipment to when outer jar internal pressure boost, mend pressure equipment can stretch into through sliding in the outer jar, with the compression gas volume in the outer jar, adjustment gas pressure in the outer jar.
Further, the pressure sensor is located at the inner upper end of the outer tank, and the pressure sensor can measure the gas pressure at the upper part of the outer tank.
Further, the inner tank comprises an inner tank cover, an inner tank wall and a base, wherein the inner tank cover, the inner tank wall and the base are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are hermetically connected with each other to jointly enclose the inner space of the inner tank.
Furthermore, the inner tank cover is provided with a measuring pipe.
Further, the communicating device comprises a communicating hole and a water guiding groove, the communicating hole is a through hole formed in the wall of the inner tank, and the water guiding groove is a groove formed in the inner surface of the wall of the inner tank.
Further, the pressure supplementing device comprises a sleeve, a pressure regulating block and a pressure transmitting disc, a cavity is formed in the sleeve, the upper end of the cavity is sealed by the bottom of the sleeve, the pressure regulating block is located in the cavity inside the sleeve, the pressure regulating block is not completely filled with the cavity inside the sleeve, one end of the pressure regulating block is fixedly connected with the bottom of the sleeve at the upper end of the sleeve, the other end of the pressure regulating block is fixedly connected with the pressure transmitting disc, and the pressure supplementing device is adjusted through the volume deformation of the pressure regulating block to adjust the gas pressure inside the outer tank.
A test method for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material, wherein the test method is carried out by using the test device, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, sample adding;
secondly, feeding water;
thirdly, adjusting the test pressure to be equal to the pressure condition required by the test;
fourthly, the sample absorbs water, and in the process of continuously absorbing water, the test pressure is controlled to be always kept at the pressure condition required by the test;
and step five, finishing water absorption and obtaining the water absorption capacity of the sample.
To sum up, the test device and the method for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material have the advantages of high detection precision and efficiency, simplicity and convenience in operation and easiness in implementation, and can also greatly shorten the measurement time of the saturated water absorption capacity of the rockfill material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a test apparatus for measuring water absorption of rockfill material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a testing apparatus for measuring the water absorption capacity of rockfill material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a communication device between an inner vessel and an outer vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a pressure compensating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of the pressure compensating device according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the water absorption process of the rockfill material under different pressures according to the embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the outer tank comprises an outer tank 1, an outer tank wall 101, an outer tank pull rod 102, an outer tank water source interface 103, an outer tank hanging ring 104, an outer tank cover 105, a base 106, an outer tank water outlet 107, a pressure sensor 108, an external air source 2, an air source interface 201, an air source connecting pipeline 202, a pressure regulating valve 203, an air storage tank 204, an inner tank 3, an inner tank wall 301, an inner tank pull rod 302, an inner tank water inlet and outlet 303, a measuring pipe 304, a connecting hole 305, an inner tank cover 306, a pressure compensating device 4, a sleeve 401, a pressure regulating block 402, a connecting piece 403, a pressure transmitting disc 404, a controller 5, a communicating device 6, a communicating hole 601 and a water guide groove 602.
The technical scheme of the invention can be more clearly understood and explained by combining the embodiment of the invention through the reference sign description.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in FIGS. 1-5, a test device for measuring water absorption capacity of rockfill material comprises an outer tank 1, an inner tank 3, an external air source 2, a pressure compensating device 4 and a controller 5:
the inner tank 3 is sleeved inside the outer tank 1, and the inner tank 3 is communicated with the lower end inside the outer tank 1 through a communication device 6;
the external air source 2 is communicated with the inner space of the outer tank 1, and air can be conveyed into the outer tank 1 through the external air source 2, so that the pressure inside the outer tank 1 is adjusted before the water absorption measurement test is started, and the pressure condition required by the test is obtained.
The pressure supplementing device 4 is communicated with the inner space of the outer tank 1, and the pressure inside the outer tank 1 can be adjusted through the pressure supplementing device 4 so as to adjust the pressure inside the outer tank 1 in the water absorption measurement process and keep the pressure inside the outer tank 1 equal to the pressure condition required by the test all the time;
the controller 5 can control the pressure supplementing device 4 to pressurize the interior of the outer tank 1 according to the pressure condition required by the test.
Further, the controller 5 can calculate the water absorption amount of the rockfill material according to the pressurization amount of the pressure compensating device 4 to the inside of the outer tank 1.
Further, the controller 5 can calculate the water absorption amount of the rockfill material from the amount of decrease in the gas volume inside the outer tank 1 by the pressure compensating device 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the outer tank 1 comprises an outer tank wall 101, a base 106, an outer tank pull rod 102, an outer tank water source connector 103, an outer tank hanging ring 104, an outer tank cover 105, an outer tank water outlet 107 and a pressure sensor 108, the base 106 and the outer tank cover 105 of the outer tank wall 101 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are hermetically connected to enclose an inner space of the outer tank 1, the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 share a base 106, the outer tank cover 105 is slidably arranged at the upper end of the outer tank wall 101, the pressure supplementing device 4 is arranged at the upper side of the outer tank cover 105, when the controller 5 controls the pressure compensating device 4 to pressurize the outer tank 1, the pressure compensating device 4 can apply pressure to the outer tank cover 105, so as to drive the outer tank cover 105 to move downwards along the inner surface of the outer tank wall 101, so as to compress the volume of the gas in the outer tank 1 and adjust the pressure of the gas in the outer tank 1. The outer tank wall 101 is fixedly connected with a base 106 through an outer tank pull rod 102, an outer tank water source interface 103 and a pressure sensor 108 are arranged on an outer tank cover 105, and switch valves are respectively arranged on the outer tank water source interface 103 and an outer tank water outlet 107.
Preferably, outer jar wall 101 is inside cavity, both ends open-ended cylindric structure, outer jar wall 101 material is organic glass.
Preferably, the pressure sensor 108 is located at the upper inner end of the outer tank 1, and during the test, the gas pressure at the upper part of the outer tank 1 can be directly measured, and during the water absorption measurement test, it is ensured that the pressure sensor 108 is not submerged by the water in the outer tank 1.
As another embodiment of the present application, the outer tank cover 105 may be further fixedly disposed at the upper end of the outer tank wall 101, the pressure compensating device 4 is disposed at the upper side of the outer tank cover 105, the pressure compensating device 4 is hermetically connected to the outer tank cover 105, and the pressure compensating device 4 can extend into the outer tank 1 by sliding, and when the controller 5 controls the pressure compensating device 4 to pressurize the outer tank 1, the pressure compensating device 4 can extend into the outer tank 1 by sliding to compress the gas volume in the outer tank 1 and adjust the gas pressure in the outer tank 1.
During the experiment, advance the appearance back, the accessible outer jar water source interface 103 down water injection in the outer jar 1 extremely water level is higher than in the outer jar 1 interior cover 306 just is less than stop the water injection during metering tube 304 topmost scale mark, after the water injection is ended, close outer jar water source interface 103. In the test process, the pressure sensor 108 can monitor the gas pressure at the upper end inside the outer tank 1 in real time, and can transmit the measured pressure data to the controller 5 in real time.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the inner tank 3 includes an inner tank wall 301, an inner tank pull rod 302, an inner tank water inlet and outlet 303, a connection hole 305, a measuring pipe 304, an inner tank cover 306, and a base 106, the inner tank cover 306 is located on the upper side of the inner tank wall 301, the base 106 is located on the lower side of the inner tank wall 301, the inner tank wall 301 is respectively connected with the inner tank cover 306 and the base 106 in a sealing manner, and an inner space of the inner tank 3 is enclosed by the inner tank cover 306, the inner tank wall 301, and the base 106.
Further, the inner tank wall 301 is fixedly connected with the base 106 through an inner tank pull rod 302, the inner tank water inlet and outlet 303 is a through hole which is arranged on the base 106 and can communicate the inside of the inner tank 3 with an external water source, a switch valve is arranged on the inner tank water inlet and outlet 303, the inner tank wall 301 is a hollow cylindrical structure with two open ends, and the outer diameter of the inner tank wall is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tank 1.
Furthermore, the inner tank wall 301 and the measuring pipe 304 are made of organic glass, a connecting hole 305 is formed in the middle of the inner tank cover 306, and the measuring pipe 304 is connected in the connecting hole 305 in a sealing mode.
Because the lower extreme of inner tank 3 and outer jar 1 passes through intercommunication device 6 is linked together the structure that will constitute a similar linker between inner tank 3 and the outer jar 1, the water in inner tank 3 and the outer jar 1 will flow each other, consequently, the water level in inner tank 3 and the outer jar 1 will keep equal, in the test process, will await measuring rockfill material sample and place back in inner tank 3, can add water through outer jar water source interface 103 toward outer jar 1 interior water injection, through inner tank inlet and outlet 303 to inner tank 3, until sample in the inner tank 3 can submerge completely in the aquatic and fully absorb water, and the water level is higher than in outer jar 1 and the inner tank 3 stop the water injection when interior cover 306 just is less than the scale mark of buret 304 the top. In the test process, as the sample sucks water continuously, the water level in the measuring tube 304 will decrease continuously, and the water level in the outer tank 1 will be kept consistent with the water level in the measuring tube 304, so the water level decreasing height in the measuring tube 304 is the water level decreasing height in the outer tank 1, and the product of the water level decreasing height in the measuring tube 304 and the cross-sectional area in the outer tank 1 is the water sucking amount of the sample. For the test device, the height difference between the uppermost scale line and the lowermost scale line of the burette 304 multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the outer tank 1 is the maximum value of the water absorption of the rockfill material measurable by the device.
As some embodiments of the present application, since the lower ends of the inner tank 3 and the outer tank 1 are communicated through the communication device 6, the inner tank 3 may not be provided with the inner tank water inlet/outlet port 303, when water is fed into the inner tank 3, water may be fed into the outer tank 1 through the outer tank water source connector 103 on the outer tank 1, and then the water in the outer tank 1 enters the inner tank 3 through the communication device 6; when the water is drained after the test is completed, the water in the inner tank 3 can be drained into the outer tank 1 through the communication device 6 and then drained through the outer tank drain port 107. The purpose of separately arranging the inner tank water inlet and outlet 303 in the application is to improve the water inlet and outlet rate of the test device and improve the test efficiency on one hand; on the other hand, after the inner tank water inlet and outlet 303 is arranged at the bottom of the inner tank 3, the position of the communication device 6, particularly the height of the communication device 6, can be free from the limitation of water inlet and outlet requirements, and is more flexible.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the external air source 2 sequentially includes an air source interface 201, an air source connecting pipeline 202, a pressure regulating valve 203 and an air storage tank 204, the air source interface 201 is disposed on the upper side of the external tank 1, and a switch valve is disposed at the air source interface 201. During the test, the pressure inside the outer tank 1 can be adjusted through the pressure regulating valve 203 to obtain the pressure condition required by the test.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the communication means 6 includes a communication hole 601 and a water chute 602, the communication hole 601 is a through hole provided on the inner tank wall 301, and the water chute 602 is a groove provided on the inner surface of the inner tank wall 301.
Preferably, the communication hole 601 is located at the lower end of the inner tank wall 301, and one end of the water chute 602 is communicated with the communication hole 601, and the other end extends to the upper end of the inner tank wall 301 continuously.
More preferably, the water chute 602 is a spiral groove provided on the inner surface of the inner tank wall 301. The setting of guiding gutter 602 can with the water drainage in the inner tank 3 extremely different positions of different height and circumference in the inner tank 3 do benefit to sample in the inner tank 3 fully contacts with water, improves the rate of absorbing water, shortens test measurement time.
Further, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, the pressure compensating device 4 is located on the outer tank cover 105, the pressure compensating device 4 includes a sleeve 401, a pressure regulating block 402 and a pressure transmitting disc 404, a cavity is provided inside the sleeve 401, the upper end of the cavity is sealed by the bottom of the sleeve 401, the pressure regulating block 402 is located in the cavity inside the sleeve 401, the pressure regulating block 402 does not completely fill the cavity inside the sleeve 401, one end of the pressure regulating block 402 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the sleeve at the upper end of the sleeve 401, and the other end of the pressure regulating block is fixedly connected with the pressure transmitting disc 404.
Further, the pressure compensating device 4 further includes a connecting member 403, and the pressure regulating block 402 is fixedly connected to the pressure transmitting disc 404 through the connecting member 403.
As some embodiments of the present application, a mounting frame (not shown in the drawings) is disposed on the pressure compensating device 4, the mounting frame is not retractable, one end of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the bottom surface or the ceiling, the other end of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the pressure compensating device 4, specifically, the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sleeve 401 of the pressure compensating device 4, the height of the sleeve 401 can be fixed by the mounting frame, so that the sleeve can not move up and down during the test, the pressure regulating block 402 is fixedly connected to the outer tank cover 105, when the controller 5 controls the pressure compensating device 4 to pressurize the outer tank 1, the volume of the pressure regulating block 402 is increased, and further the pressure transmitting plate 404 applies pressure to the outer tank cover 105, so as to drive the outer tank cover 105 to move down along the inner surface of the outer tank wall 101, so as to compress the gas volume, and gas pressure in the outer tank 1, And adjusting the gas pressure in the outer tank 1, and finally achieving the purpose of keeping the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 to be the pressure condition required by the test all the time.
As some embodiments of the present application, the lower end of the sleeve 401 of the pressure compensating device 4 is fixedly connected to the outer can cover 105, the pressure transmitting plate 404 slidably passes through the outer can cover 105, and the pressure transmitting plate 404 is always connected to the outer can cover 105 in a sealing manner during the sliding process. During the experiment, pressure regulating block 402 can drive through the volume deformation, if the volume increases connecting piece 403 and pass the motion of pressure dish 404, makes pass pressure dish 404 to slide in outer jar 1, pass pressure dish 404 through the increase stretch into the volume in the outer jar 1, reduce the gas space on outer jar 1 upper portion, finally reach the adjustment outer jar 1 inside gas pressure, keep outer jar 1 inside gas pressure is the purpose of the required pressure condition of experiment all the time.
As some embodiments of the present application, the pressure regulating block 402 is an elastic airbag, and during a test, the volume of the pressure regulating block 402 may be adjusted by supplementing gas into the elastic airbag or releasing gas in the elastic airbag, so as to drive the pressure transmitting plate 404 to move and adjust the height of the pressure transmitting plate 404, and finally achieve the purpose of adjusting the pressure of gas inside the outer tank 1.
As other embodiments of this application, pressure regulating block 402 is the massive structure of being made by piezoceramics, pressure regulating block 402 is connected with external power supply through the wire, during the experiment, can be through control external power supply's output voltage control the volume change volume of pressure regulating block 402, and then control the position height of pressure transmission disc 404 finally reaches the adjustment the purpose of outer jar 1 internal pressure. The driving method of controlling the volume change of the piezoelectric ceramic by the output voltage of the external power supply is a well-established technology, and is not described here again.
Preferably, the pressure regulating block 402 is made of piezoelectric ceramics, so that the pressure regulating block 402 has higher control precision and more accurate measurement result.
Further, the cavity inside the sleeve 401 is a cavity with central symmetry or axial symmetry, such as a cylinder, a regular polygon, etc.; preferably a centrosymmetric pattern. Correspondingly, the pressure regulating block 402 has a structure with a cross-sectional shape and a size consistent with those of the cavity inside the sleeve 401. Therefore, the situation that the deformation of the pressure regulating block 402 in all directions is inconsistent in the volume deformation process, the test result is influenced, and the test precision is reduced can be avoided.
Further, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, in the whole water absorption measurement test process, the pressure regulating block 402 can be always accommodated in the cavity inside the sleeve 401, so that the deformation of the pressure regulating block 402 is limited by the cavity inside the sleeve 401 and cannot be randomly deformed.
Preferably, the pressure regulating block 402 can completely fill the cross section of the cavity inside the sleeve 401 in a natural, non-deformable state, so that the pressure regulating block 402 can only deform in the height direction, i.e. in the axial direction of the sleeve 401, due to volumetric deformation during the test.
More preferably, the connecting member 403 and the pressure transmission disc 404 are both of a centrosymmetric structure, and as some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, the cross section of the connecting member 403 is of a cross-shaped structure, and the pressure transmission disc 404 is of a cylindrical structure, so that the pressure adjusting block 402 can drive the connecting member 403 and the pressure transmission disc 404 to apply uniform pressure to the outer tank cover 105, so that the outer tank cover 105 can horizontally move up and down, and further, the test precision is improved.
The detection principle and the detection method of the test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material are as follows: before measuring the water absorption amount, firstly adding a sample into the inner tank 3, and injecting water into the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3, so that the water level in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is higher than the outer tank cover 105 and is between the scale marks at the uppermost end and the lowermost end of the burette 304; then adjusting the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 through the external gas source 2 until the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is equal to the pressure condition required by the test; then, the sample in the inner tank 3 starts to suck water, and as the water suction continues, the water levels in the measuring tube 304 on the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 synchronously decrease, the gas spaces above the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 increase, the gas pressure decreases, at the same time, the pressure sensors 108 monitor the gas pressure values of the upper parts of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 and synchronously transmit the values to the controller 5, when the controller 5 finds that the gas pressure in the upper portions of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is lower than the pressure condition required for the test, the pressure supplementing device 4 is controlled to drive the outer tank cover 105 to move downwards or directly drive the pressure transmission plate 404 to move downwards so as to enable the pressure transmission plate to extend into the outer tank 1 more, so as to increase the gas pressure at the upper parts of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 and keep the gas pressure at the pressure condition required by the test until the test is finished; when the water absorption amount is measured, the product of the water level falling height in the measuring tube 304 and the cross-sectional area in the outer tank 1 is the water absorption amount of the sample. Therefore, the water absorption amount of the sample can be obtained by directly reading the water level falling height in the burette 304 and calculating, and the method is simple and convenient.
It should be noted that, the position of the outer tank cover 105 or the pressure regulating block 402 is fixed before the test is started, and the fixing of the outer tank cover 105 or the pressure regulating block 402 is released after the sample adding and water feeding are completed and the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 is regulated to the pressure condition required by the test, at this time, the outer tank cover 105 or the pressure regulating block 402 can slide under the action of the pressure compensating device 4.
Further, the test device of the present application can also obtain the water absorption capacity of the sample by: on the premise that the size of the structure of the test device is fixed, in the test process, along with the volume change of the pressure regulating block 402, if the height of the pressure regulating block 402 is increased, the pressure transmitting disc 404 moves, and finally the outer tank cover 105 is driven to move downwards or the volume of the pressure transmitting disc 404 extending into the outer tank 1 is increased, so that the purpose of adjusting the gas pressure inside the outer tank 1 is achieved. Thus, there is a one-to-one linear mapping between the volume increase of the pressure regulating block 402 and the height of the downward movement of the outer vessel lid 105 or the volume increase of the pressure transfer plate 404 into the outer vessel 1, and further, the product of the height of the downward movement of the outer pot cover 105 and the inner cross section of the outer pot cover 105 or the volume increase of the pressure transfer plate 404 extending into the outer pot 1 is the amount of the water absorption of the sample in the inner pot 3, therefore, there should be a one-to-one linear mapping relationship between the volume increase amount of the pressure regulating block 402 and the water absorption amount of the sample in the inner tank 3, and then we can obtain the water absorption amount of the sample in the inner tank 3 by studying the linear mapping relationship between the volume increase amount of the pressure regulating block 402 and the water absorption amount of the sample in the inner tank 3 and then measuring the volume increase amount of the pressure regulating block 402.
Furthermore, the volume increase amount of the pressure regulating block 402 and the output voltage of the external power source (when the pressure regulating block 402 is a piezoelectric ceramic block) or the pressure inside the pressure regulating block 402 (when the pressure regulating block 402 is an elastic air bag) have a one-to-one linear mapping relationship, therefore, the size of the water absorption of the sample in the inner tank 3 and the output voltage of the external power supply or the pressure inside the pressure regulating block 402 have a one-to-one linear mapping relationship, that is, the linear mapping relationship between the output voltage of the external power supply or the pressure inside the pressure regulating block 402 and the water absorption capacity of the sample in the inner tank 3 can be studied, and then in the test process, the water absorption capacity of the sample in the inner tank 3 is obtained by measuring the output voltage of the external power supply or the pressure inside the pressure regulating block 402.
Specifically, as some embodiments of the present application, the pressure regulating block 402 is a block structure made of piezoelectric ceramic, and the pressure regulating block 402 can completely fill the cross section of the cavity inside the sleeve 401 in a natural and unchangeable shape state, the pressure regulating block 402 can only generate a height direction due to volume deformation in the test process, that is, axial deformation of the sleeve 401 is taken as an example, at this time, the volume deformation amount of the pressure regulating block 402 is a product of an axial height increase amount of the pressure regulating block 402 and a cross sectional area of the pressure regulating block 402, the water absorption amount of the sample inside the inner tank 3 is a product of a water level height inside the measuring pipe 304 and an inner sectional area of the outer tank 1, and a one-to-one linear mapping relationship exists between the volume deformation amount of the pressure regulating block 402 and the water absorption amount of the sample inside the inner tank 3. In addition, the volume deformation of the voltage regulating block 402 and the output voltage of the external power supply have a one-to-one linear mapping relationship. Finally, the output voltage of the external power supply and the water absorption capacity of the sample in the inner tank 3 are in one-to-one linear mapping relation, so that the output voltage of the external power supply and the linear mapping relation between the water absorption capacities of the sample in the inner tank 3 can be researched, and then in the test process, the water absorption capacity of the sample in the inner tank 3 can be obtained by measuring the output voltage of the external power supply, so that manual long-time and multiple readings can be avoided, the use convenience of the test device is improved, and the reduction of the precision caused by manual readings is avoided.
Accordingly, the present application also provides a test method for measuring the water absorption capacity of a rockfill material, the method being carried out using the test apparatus described above, the test method comprising the steps of:
firstly, sample adding;
secondly, feeding water;
thirdly, adjusting the test pressure to be equal to the pressure condition required by the test;
fourthly, the sample absorbs water, and in the process of continuously absorbing water, the test pressure is controlled to be always kept at the pressure condition required by the test;
and step five, finishing water absorption and obtaining the water absorption capacity of the sample.
Wherein the test pressure is the gas pressure in the outer tank 1.
The test method for measuring the water absorption of rockfill materials is illustrated by the following specific examples:
first, sample adding: filling the inner tank 3 with a rockfill material sample of unit volume or unit mass;
step two, water inlet: injecting water into the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 to enable the sample to be fully soaked in the water, wherein the water level in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is higher than the outer tank cover 105 and is between the scale marks at the uppermost end and the lowermost end of the burette 304, and the water level in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is ensured not to be lower than the scale mark at the lowermost end of the burette 304 all the time before the test is finished;
step three, adjusting the test pressure: adjusting the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 through the external gas source 2 until the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 is equal to the pressure condition required by the test;
fourthly, absorbing water by the sample: the sample in the inner tank 3 starts to suck water, as the water suction continues, the water level in the measuring pipe 304 on the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 synchronously drops, the gas space at the upper part of the outer tank 1 increases, and the gas pressure decreases, meanwhile, the pressure sensor 108 monitors the gas pressure value at the upper part of the outer tank 1 and synchronously transmits the gas pressure value to the controller 5, and when the controller 5 finds that the gas pressure at the upper parts of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is lower than the pressure condition required by the test, the pressure supplementing device 4 is controlled to drive the outer tank cover 105 to move downwards so as to increase the gas pressure at the upper parts of the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 and keep the gas pressure at the pressure condition required by the test until the test is finished;
and step five, finishing water absorption and obtaining the water absorption capacity of the sample.
Specifically, in the fifth step, when the water absorption measurement is finished, the product of the height of the drop of the water level in the measuring tube 304 and the cross-sectional area in the outer tank 1 is the water absorption of the sample. Therefore, the water absorption amount of the sample can be obtained by directly reading the water level falling height in the burette 304 and calculating, and the method is simple and convenient.
Before the start of the test, the above test procedure may be repeated a plurality of times under the pressure conditions required for the test, and the linear mapping relationship between the magnitude of the output voltage of the external power supply and the magnitude of the water absorption amount of the sample in the inner tank 3 may be studied, and the linear mapping relationship between the magnitude of the output voltage of the external power supply and the magnitude of the water absorption amount of the sample in the inner tank 3 under the pressure conditions required for the test may be prestored in the controller 5. Then, in the test process, the output voltage of the external power supply is measured under the pressure condition required by the test, so as to obtain the water absorption capacity of the sample in the inner tank 3, specifically:
obtaining a linear mapping relation between the output voltage of the external power supply and the water absorption capacity of the sample in the inner tank 3 under the pressure condition required by a certain test through the following processes:
according to the test method of the water absorption capacity of the sample (the product of the water level reduction height in the burette 304 and the cross-sectional area in the outer tank 1 is the water absorption capacity of the sample), the water absorption capacity of different types of stacking materials is measured for 5 times under the test pressure of 150KPa, and the following results are obtained: at a test pressure of 150KPa, the water uptake of each rockfill material is shown in the following table: wherein, the output voltage of the external power supply is marked as U, and the water absorption capacity is marked as W.
TABLE 1 Water absorption of bulk materials at output voltages of different external power supplies
Fitting the relation of the water absorption capacity of the stacking materials under the output voltages of the different external power supplies to obtain that the following linear relation exists between the water absorption capacity W and the output voltage U of the external power supply:
W＝-0.0002U2+0.0563U+0.1603,
then the water absorption is carried out under the pressure condition required by the testA linear relational expression between the amount W and the output voltage U of the external power supply is prestored in the controller 5, and when the water absorption amount is measured in full scale, and the water absorption amount of the sample is obtained after the water absorption is completed, the controller 5 can obtain the output voltage U of the external power supply at that time, and further pass through the relational expression prestored in the controller 5, if W is-0.0002U2The water absorption W of the rockfill material under the pressure condition required by the test is calculated by +0.0563U +0.1603, so that manual long-time reading is omitted, the water absorption W measuring process is simple and easy to operate, errors caused by manual reading are avoided, and the measuring precision is improved.
Under the condition of different pressures required by tests, a linear relation between the water absorption W and the output voltage U of the external power supply can be measured by an equipment manufacturer and prestored in the controller 5 of the test device for measuring the water absorption of the rockfill material. Generally, under the pressure condition required by a certain test, a linear relation between the water absorption W and the output voltage U of the external power supply is a quadratic polynomial. When the water absorption capacity measuring device is used by a user, the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material can be directly measured under the pressure condition required by a certain test.
In addition, the application also provides a method for measuring the saturated water absorption capacity of the rockfill material, and particularly, the method for measuring the saturated water absorption capacity of the rockfill material under different pressures is carried out by the following principles:
the applicant finds that the difficulty in measuring the saturated water absorption amount of the rockfill material in the prior art is mainly that the water absorption process of the rockfill material is long and slow, and the saturated water absorption amount measurement endpoint is difficult to define.
Specifically, the applicant found that: the process of water absorption of the same heap of material at different pressures will proceed according to the process shown in figure 6. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the variation trend of water absorption with water absorption time of the same rockfill material under different pressures, wherein a curve 1 shows that the rockfill material absorbs water under an atmospheric pressure P0The change trend of the lower water absorption amount along with the water absorption time; curve 2 is the rockfillThe material is at 10P0The trend of the water absorption under pressure along with the water absorption time; curve 3 shows that the rockfill material is 50P0The trend of the water absorption under pressure along with the water absorption time; curve 4 shows that the rockfill material is 100P0The trend of the water absorption under pressure along with the water absorption time. By comparing the curves 1-4, the applicant finds that the change trend of the water absorption amount of the same rockfill material along with the water absorption time under different pressures has the following characteristics: firstly, the water absorption capacity of the same rockfill material is gradually increased along with the increase of the test pressure; secondly, with the increase of the test pressure, the water absorption speed of the same rockfill material is gradually increased, the time required for reaching the saturated water absorption capacity is shorter, and generally, if the test pressure is increased by 10 times, the time required for reaching the saturated water absorption capacity can be shortened to be less than one tenth of the original time; thirdly, the water absorption speed of the same rockfill material is gradually reduced with the increase of the water absorption time.
Based on the above findings: the applicant firstly records the water absorption capacity of the rock-fill material when the change rate of the water absorption capacity is less than or equal to alpha as the saturated water absorption capacity, wherein the change rate of the water absorption capacity is the ratio between the increase value of the water absorption capacity in unit time and the maximum value of the water absorption capacity in unit time, for example, if the water absorption capacity of the rock-fill material at the time t1 is a1 and the water absorption capacity of the rock-fill material at the time t1+ Δ t is increased to a2, the change rate of the water absorption capacity of the rock-fill material is (a2-a1)/a2, the value range of alpha is 3% -0.5%, the value of alpha can be determined according to the measurement accuracy requirement, and generally, the smaller the value of alpha is, the higher the measurement accuracy. For example, when α is 3%, in fig. 6, the point a is the atmospheric pressure P of the rockfill material0The saturated water absorption at the lower point b is 10P of the rockfill material0Saturated water absorption under pressure, point c being the rockfill material at 50P0The saturated water absorption under pressure, point d, is 100P of the rockfill material0The lower saturated water absorption capacity of the water absorption,
further, based on the above findings, in order to shorten the time required for measuring the saturated water absorption, the applicant made the following improvements to the saturated water absorption amount measuring method of rockfill material: because the water absorption capacity of the same type of rockfill material is related to the test pressure, and the water absorption speed of the same type of rockfill material is gradually increased along with the increase of the test pressure, the time required for reaching the saturated water absorption capacity is shorter, and for the same type of rockfill material, a certain linear relation exists between the saturated water absorption capacity and the test pressure, the applicant can obtain a relational expression between the saturated water absorption capacity and the test pressure by researching the linear relation between the saturated water absorption capacity and the test pressure, and then calculate the saturated water absorption capacity of the rockfill material under the lower test pressure through the relational expression between the saturated water absorption capacity and the test pressure, so that the purposes of shortening the measurement time and improving the measurement precision are achieved.
Accordingly, the method for measuring the saturated water absorption of the rockfill material comprises the steps of:
s1: the relation of the preset water absorption W is as follows: presetting a relation between the water absorption W and the output voltage U of an external power supply or the air bag pressure of the pressure regulating block 402 under the test pressure in the controller 5;
s2, sample adding: filling the inner tank 3 with a rockfill material sample of unit volume or unit mass;
s3, water inlet: injecting water into the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 to enable the sample to be fully soaked in the water, wherein the water level in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is higher than the outer tank cover 105 and is between the scale marks at the uppermost end and the lowermost end of the burette 304, and the water level in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is ensured not to be lower than the scale mark at the lowermost end of the burette 304 all the time before the test is finished;
s4, adjusting the test pressure: adjusting the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 through the external gas source 2 until the gas pressure in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is equal to a test pressure, wherein the test pressure is the actually required saturated water absorption WBThe corresponding pressure intensity is n times, wherein the value range of the initial value of n is more than or equal to 10;
s5, sample water absorption: the sample in the inner tank 3 starts to suck water, as the water suction continues, the water level in the burette 304 on the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 synchronously drops, the gas space above the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 increases, and the gas pressure decreases, meanwhile, the pressure sensor 108 monitors the gas pressure values above the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 and synchronously transmits the values to the controller 5, and when the controller 5 finds that the gas pressure above the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 is lower than the test pressure, the controller 5 controls the pressure supplementing device 4 to drive the outer tank cover 105 to move downwards so as to increase the gas pressure above the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 3 and keep the gas pressure at the test pressure level until the test is finished;
s6, determination of saturated water absorption at test pressure: obtaining the water absorption capacity of the sample at a certain moment through the controller 5 and a relational expression between the water absorption capacity W and the output voltage U of an external power supply or the pressure of the airbag of the pressure regulating block 402, calculating the change rate of the water absorption capacity of the sample, and recording the water absorption capacity of the sample at the moment as the saturated water absorption capacity W of the sample at the current test pressure when the change rate of the water absorption capacity of the sample is less than or equal to alphaB；
S7, increasing the n value in the step S4 by m, wherein m is more than or equal to 5, executing the steps S1-S6 again, repeating the steps for at least 3 times to obtain the saturated water absorption W of the sample under at least 3 different test pressuresB；
S8, the saturated water absorption W of the rockfill material obtained in the step S7 under at least 3 different test pressuresBFitting the linear relation between the test pressure P and the corresponding saturated water absorption W of the rockfill materialBAnd the test pressure P;
s9, determining the saturated water absorption capacity under the set pressure of the test: the saturated water absorption W of the rockfill materialBAnd the linear relation between the pressure P and the test pressure, and calculating to obtain the actually required saturated water absorption WBThe saturated water absorption W of the rockfill material under corresponding pressureB。
As some examples of the present application, the relationship between the saturated water absorption and the test pressure in the above-described saturated water absorption measurement process is obtained by the following procedure:
measuring the saturated water absorption capacity of the same rockfill material under different test pressures for 4 times according to the test method described in the above steps S1-S7 to obtain: saturation of such rockfill materials at different test pressuresAnd the water uptake is shown in the following table: wherein the test pressure is represented by P and the saturated water absorption is represented by WB。
Table 2 saturated water absorption of rockfill material (α ═ 3%) at different test pressures
| Test pressure P (MPa) | 1 | 10 | 50 | 100 |
| Saturated water absorption WB(％) | 2.27 | 3.13 | 3.65 | 3.82 |
Saturated water absorption W of rockfill material at the above different test pressuresBFitting the relation with the test pressure P to obtain the saturated water absorption W of the rockfill materialBAnd the test pressure P there is the following linear relationship:
WB＝-0.0002P2+0.0383P+2.4621,
then the saturated water absorption W of the rockfill materialBAnd a test pressure P, stored in said controller 5, for the actual required saturation capacity WBThe saturated water absorption of the rockfill material at the corresponding pressure is measured by the pile previously obtained and stored in the controller 5Saturated water absorption W of stone materialBAnd test pressure P, e.g. WB＝-0.0002P2+0.0383P +2.4621, the test pressure value is substituted into the saturated water absorption WBAnd the test pressure P, namely calculating to obtain the actually required saturated water absorption WBThe saturated water absorption W of the rockfill material under corresponding pressureBWhen the test pressure is 0.2MPa, the test pressure P is 0.2MPa, and W is substitutedB＝-0.0002P2+0.0383P +2.4621, i.e. W at that time can be calculatedBThus, the measurement time of the saturated water absorption amount can be greatly reduced.
The applicant found through experiments that: the measurement time can be greatly shortened and the measurement precision can be improved by measuring the saturated water absorption of the rockfill material under high pressure for multiple times to obtain the saturated water absorption of the rockfill material under low pressure.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material is characterized by comprising an outer tank (1), an inner tank (3), an external air source (2), a pressure compensating device (4) and a controller (5):
the inner tank (3) is sleeved inside the outer tank (1), and the inner tank (3) is communicated with the outer tank (1) through a communication device (6);
the external air source (2) is communicated with the outer tank (1), and air can be conveyed into the outer tank (1) through the external air source (2) so as to adjust the pressure inside the outer tank (1) before the water absorption measurement test is started to obtain the pressure condition required by the test;
the pressure supplementing device (4) is communicated with the outer tank (1), and the pressure inside the outer tank (1) can be adjusted through the pressure supplementing device (4) so as to adjust the pressure inside the outer tank (1) in the water absorption measurement test process and keep the pressure inside the outer tank (1) equal to the pressure condition required by the test all the time;
the controller (5) can control the pressure supplementing device (4) to pressurize the inner part of the outer tank (1) according to the pressure condition required by the test.
2. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material according to claim 1, wherein the outer tank (1) comprises an outer tank wall (101), a base (106), an outer tank cover (105) and a pressure sensor (108), the base (106) and the outer tank cover (105) of the outer tank wall (101) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are hermetically connected to form an inner space of the outer tank (1), and the pressure supplementing device (4) is arranged on the outer tank cover (105).
3. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material according to claim 2, wherein the outer tank cover (105) is slidably disposed at the upper end of the outer tank wall (101), and when the controller (5) controls the pressure supplementing device (4) to pressurize the outer tank (1), the pressure supplementing device (4) can apply pressure to the outer tank cover (105) to drive the outer tank cover (105) to move downwards along the inner surface of the outer tank wall (101) so as to compress the gas volume in the outer tank (1) and adjust the gas pressure in the outer tank (1).
4. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material according to claim 2, wherein the outer tank cover (105) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the outer tank wall (101), the pressure supplementing device (4) is connected with the outer tank cover (105) in a sealing manner, the pressure supplementing device (4) can extend into the outer tank (1) in a sliding manner, and when the controller (5) controls the pressure supplementing device (4) to pressurize the outer tank (1), the pressure supplementing device (4) can extend into the outer tank (1) in a sliding manner so as to compress the volume of the gas in the outer tank (1) and adjust the pressure of the gas in the outer tank (1).
5. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material according to claim 2, wherein the pressure sensor (108) is located at an upper inner end of the outer tank (1), and the pressure sensor (108) is capable of measuring a gas pressure at an upper portion of the outer tank (1).
6. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material according to claim 1, wherein the inner tank (3) comprises an inner tank cover (306), an inner tank wall (301) and a base (106), and the inner tank cover (306), the inner tank wall (301) and the base (106) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are hermetically connected to form an inner space of the inner tank (3).
7. The testing apparatus for measuring the water absorption of rockfill material according to claim 6, wherein the inner pot cover (306) is provided with a measuring tube (304).
8. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material according to claim 6, wherein the communication means (6) comprises a communication hole (601) and a water chute (602), the communication hole (601) is a through hole provided on the inner tank wall (301), and the water chute (602) is a groove provided on the inner surface of the inner tank wall (301).
9. The test device for measuring the water absorption capacity of the rockfill material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure supplementing device (4) comprises a sleeve (401), a pressure regulating block (402) and a pressure transmitting disc (404), a cavity is formed in the sleeve (401), the upper end of the cavity is sealed by the bottom of the sleeve (401), the pressure regulating block (402) is located in the cavity in the sleeve (401), the cavity in the sleeve (401) is not completely filled with the pressure regulating block (402), one end of the pressure regulating block (402) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the upper end of the sleeve (401), the other end of the pressure regulating block is fixedly connected with the pressure transmitting disc (404), and the pressure supplementing device (4) adjusts the gas pressure inside the outer tank (1) through the volume deformation of the pressure regulating block (402).
10. A test method for measuring the water absorption of rockfill materials, the method being carried out using the test apparatus of claims 1 to 9, the test method comprising the steps of:
firstly, sample adding;
secondly, feeding water;
thirdly, adjusting the test pressure to be equal to the pressure condition required by the test;
fourthly, the sample absorbs water, and in the process of continuously absorbing water, the test pressure is controlled to be always kept at the pressure condition required by the test;
and step five, finishing water absorption and obtaining the water absorption capacity of the sample.
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