CN111890915A - 混合动力驱动***及方法 - Google Patents

混合动力驱动***及方法 Download PDF

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CN111890915A
CN111890915A CN201910370993.4A CN201910370993A CN111890915A CN 111890915 A CN111890915 A CN 111890915A CN 201910370993 A CN201910370993 A CN 201910370993A CN 111890915 A CN111890915 A CN 111890915A
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gear
clutch
engine
motor
power
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CN111890915B (zh
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周文太
朱永明
祁宏钟
罗宇亮
涂序聪
魏丹
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Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
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Abstract

一种混合动力驱动***，包括发动机、第一离合器、输入轴、第一电机、行星齿轮装置、第二离合器、制动装置、中间轴、第二电机和差速器，所述行星齿轮装置包括太阳轮、行星架和齿圈，发动机通过第一离合器与输入轴相连，第一电机与输入轴相连；行星架与中间轴相连；第二电机与中间轴相连；第一离合器结合或分离发动机与输入轴，第二离合器结合或分离太阳轮与齿圈，制动装置制动或解锁太阳轮；当第一离合器结合发动机与输入轴，且制动装置解锁太阳轮时，根据整车运行情况计算发动机的功率，调取目标转速，发动机在目标转速下工作，控制第一离合器处于滑动摩擦状态。本发明的混合动力驱动***能避免齿轮敲击问题。本发明还涉及一种混合动力驱动方法。

Description

混合动力驱动***及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源技术领域，特别涉及一种混合动力驱动***及方法。
背景技术
由于发动机燃烧扭矩不均匀、发动机缸压随着冲程而脉动，因此发动机的扭矩存在脉动并导致发动机转速存在波动，且该转速波动难以被扭转减振器或双质量飞轮完全消除，在通过扭转减振器或双质量飞轮之后传递到混合动力机电耦合装置。
齿轮是混合动力机电耦合装置中常见的一种动力传动器件，由于齿轮传动将产生热量，齿轮受热膨胀导致齿面磨损，为了保证齿轮的寿命，需要保持相互啮合的齿轮之间具有一定的齿轮间隙。
由于存在齿轮间隙，且发动机转速波动传递到混合动力机电耦合装置并导致装置内部的齿轮转速也存在波动，使得该装置内空载的从动齿轮与驱动齿轮时而接触，时而分离，进而产生齿轮敲击问题，对司机和乘客的体验造成不良影响。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种混合动力驱动***，能避免在发动机输入动力，且太阳轮处于空转状态时发生齿轮敲击的问题。
一种混合动力驱动***，包括发动机、第一离合器、输入轴、第一电机、行星齿轮装置、第二离合器、制动装置、中间轴、第二电机和差速器，所述行星齿轮装置包括太阳轮、行星架和齿圈，其中：发动机通过第一离合器与输入轴相连，第一电机与输入轴相连；
行星架与中间轴相连；
第二电机与中间轴相连；
中间轴与差速器相连；
第一离合器用于结合或分离发动机与输入轴，第二离合器用于结合或分离太阳轮与齿圈，制动装置用于制动或解锁太阳轮；
当第一离合器结合发动机与输入轴，且制动装置解锁太阳轮时，根据整车运行情况计算发动机的功率，根据功率调取出与之对应的目标转速，发动机在目标转速下工作时转速波动最小，控制第一离合器的输入端与输出端处于滑动摩擦状态。
在本发明的实施例中，上述第一离合器的输入端与所述发动机相连，所述第一离合器的输出端与所述输入轴相连，当所述第一离合器的输入端与输出端处于滑动摩擦状态时，利用所述第一电机调节所述输出端的转速，使所述输入端与所述输出端的转速差处在设定范围内。
在本发明的实施例中，根据整车运行情况计算所述发动机的功率的公式如下：
PEngine_req＝FreqV+PBattery_req+PCompressor+PAccessary
其中，PEngine_req为发动机功率；Freq为油门开度；V为车速；PBattery_req为动力电池的充电功率；PCompressor为空调压缩机的功率；PAccessary为整车电子器件的功率。
在本发明的实施例中，上述中间轴上固定设有第一齿轮和第二齿轮，所述差速器上设有差速器齿轮，所述第一齿轮与所述行星架相互啮合，所述第二齿轮与所述差速器齿轮相互啮合。
在本发明的实施例中，上述第二电机具有第二电机输出轴，所述第二电机输出轴上固定设有第三齿轮，所述第三齿轮与所述第一齿轮相互啮合。
在本发明的实施例中，上述第一电机具有第一电机输出轴，所述第一电机输出轴上固定设有第四齿轮，所述输入轴上固定设有第五齿轮，所述第四齿轮与所述第五齿轮相互啮合。
在本发明的实施例中，上述混合动力驱动***具有双电机纯电动一档模式和双电机纯电动二档模式，在所述双电机纯电动一档模式下，所述第一离合器分离，所述第二离合器分离，所述制动装置制动所述太阳轮，由所述第一电机和所述第二电机进行驱动；在所述双电机纯电动二档模式下，所述第一离合器分离，所述第二离合器结合，所述制动装置解锁所述太阳轮，由所述第一电机和所述第二电机进行驱动。
在本发明的实施例中，上述混合动力驱动***具有并联混动一档模式，在所述并联混动一档模式下，所述第一离合器结合，所述第二离合器分离，所述制动装置制动所述太阳轮，由所述发动机、所述第一电机和所述第二电机进行驱动；所述混合动力驱动***具有并联混动二档模式，在所述并联混动二档模式下，所述第一离合器结合，所述第二离合器结合，所述制动装置解锁所述太阳轮，由所述发动机、所述第一电机和所述第二电机进行驱动。
在本发明的实施例中，上述混合动力驱动***具有串联混动模式，在所述串联混动模式下，所述第一离合器结合，所述第二离合器分离，所述制动装置解锁所述太阳轮，所述发动机驱动所述第一电机进行发电，由所述第二电机进行驱动。
本发明还提供一种混合动力驱动方法，所述混合动力驱动方法利用上述的混合动力驱动***，所述混合动力驱动方法包括：
当所述第一离合器结合所述发动机与所述输入轴，且所述制动装置解锁所述太阳轮时，根据整车运行情况计算所述发动机的功率，根据所述功率调取出与之对应的目标转速，所述发动机在所述目标转速下工作时转速波动最小，控制所述第一离合器的输入端与输出端处于滑动摩擦状态。
在本发明的实施例中，上述混合动力驱动方法还包括：
选择所述混合动力驱动***的工作模式，当所述混合动力驱动***在串联混动模式时，所述第一离合器结合，所述第二离合器分离，所述制动装置解锁所述太阳轮，所述发动机驱动所述第一电机进行发电，由所述第二电机进行驱动；
检测当前车速；当车速小于阈值时，控制发动机在所述目标转速下工作，控制所述第一离合器的输入端与输出端处于滑动摩擦状态。
本发明的本发明的混合动力驱动***能避免在发动机输入动力，且太阳轮处于空转状态时发生齿轮敲击的问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的混合动力驱动***的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的混合动力驱动***在串联混动模式下的杠杆示意图。
图3是本发明的混合动力驱动方法优化齿轮敲击的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明的混合动力驱动***的结构示意图，如图1所示，混合动力驱动***包括发动机11、第一离合器12、输入轴13、第一电机14、行星齿轮装置15、第二离合器16、制动装置17、中间轴18、第二电机19、差速器20和动力电池(图未示)。其中，行星齿轮装置15包括太阳轮151、行星架152和齿圈153。
发动机11通过第一离合器12与输入轴13相连，第一电机14与输入轴13相连。第一离合器12用于结合或分离发动机11与输入轴13，具体地，第一离合器12的输入端121与发动机11相连，第一离合器12的输出端122与输入轴13相连。当第一离合器12结合时，发动机11的动力可以传递至输入轴13；当第一离合器12分离时，发动机11与输入轴13之间断开。在本实施例中，发动机11为汽油发动机或柴油发动机，第一电机14为驱动和发电一体机。
第一电机14具有第一电机输出轴141，第一电机输出轴141上固定设有第四齿轮142，输入轴13上固定设有第五齿轮131，第四齿轮142与第五齿轮131相互啮合。
齿圈153固定在输入轴13上，使输入轴13与齿圈153能同步转动。行星架152上设有行星轮154，行星轮154通过滚动轴承或者滑动轴承连接在行星架152上，行星轮154分别与太阳轮151、齿圈153相互啮合。
第二离合器16用于结合或分离太阳轮151与齿圈153。当第二离合器16结合时，太阳轮151和齿圈153锁定在一起；当第二离合器16分离时，太阳轮151和齿圈153相互分离。
制动装置17用于制动或解锁太阳轮151。制动装置17例如为制动器或单向离合器。当制动装置17制动太阳轮151时，太阳轮151被固定而不能相对输入轴13转动；当制动装置17解锁太阳轮151时，太阳轮151能相对输入轴13进行转动。
行星架152与中间轴18相连，具体地，中间轴18上固定设有第一齿轮181和第二齿轮182，第一齿轮181与第二齿轮182相互间隔设置，第一齿轮181与行星架152相互啮合。
第二电机19与中间轴18相连，具体地，第二电机19与第一电机14平行设置，第二电机19具有第二电机输出轴191，第二电机输出轴191上固定设有第三齿轮192，第三齿轮192与第一齿轮181相互啮合。在本实施例中，第二电机19为驱动和发电一体机。
中间轴18与差速器20相连，具体地，差速器20上设有差速器齿轮201，差速器齿轮201与第二齿轮182相互啮合。差速器20用于调整左右轮的转速差，当汽车转弯行驶或在不平路面上行驶时，使左右车轮以不同转速滚动，保证两侧驱动车轮作纯滚动运动。
动力电池分别与第一电机14、第二电机19电性连接。动力电池为第一电机14和第二电机19提供驱动用的电能，同时第一电机14和第二电机19被驱动旋转时产生的电能也可存储在动力电池中。
在本实施例中，当第一离合器12结合发动机11与输入轴13，且制动装置17解锁太阳轮151时，根据整车运行情况计算发动机11的功率，根据功率调取出与之对应的目标转速，发动机11在目标转速下工作时转速波动最小，控制第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122处于滑动摩擦状态，当第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122处于滑动摩擦状态时，利用第一电机14调节输出端122的转速，使输入端121与输出端122的转速差处在设定范围内，优选地，使转速差处于50rpm～300rpm范围内，可避免第一离合器12两端转速差过大而发生过热或烧灼现象。由于发动机在目标转速下工作时转速波动最小，当转速波动传递至处于滑动摩擦状态的输入端121与输出端122时被阻断，即转速波动无法传递至行星齿轮装置15，能有效避免发生齿轮敲击等NVH问题。
本发明的混合动力驱动***具有双电机纯电动一档模式、双电机纯电动二档模式、并联混动一档模式、并联混动二档模式和串联混动模式。
具体地，在双电机纯电动一档模式下，第一离合器12分离，第二离合器16分离，制动装置17制动太阳轮151，发动机11不启动，由第一电机14和第二电机19进行驱动。动力传递具有两条路径，其中路径一，由第一电机14通过齿圈153、行星架152传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30；路径二，由第二电机19通过第三齿轮192传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30。
在双电机纯电动二档模式下，第一离合器12分离，第二离合器16结合，制动装置17解锁太阳轮151，发动机11不启动，由第一电机14和第二电机19进行驱动。此时，由于第二离合器16结合，行星架152和齿圈153锁定在一起，使整个行星齿轮装置固连为一体并整体旋转，速比为1。动力传递具有两条路径，其中路径一，由第一电机14通过整个行星齿轮装置15传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30；路径二，由第二电机19通过第三齿轮192传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30。
在并联混动一档模式下，第一离合器12结合，第二离合器16分离，制动装置17制动太阳轮151，由发动机11、第一电机14和第二电机19进行驱动。动力传递具有三条路径，其中路径一，由发动机11通过输入轴13、齿圈153、行星架152、第一齿轮181传递到中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30；路径二，由第一电机14通过齿圈153、行星架152传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30；路径三，由第二电机19通过第三齿轮192传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30。
在并联混动二档模式下，第一离合器12结合，第二离合器16结合，制动装置17解锁太阳轮151，由发动机11、第一电机14和第二电机19进行驱动。此时，由于第二离合器16结合，行星架152和齿圈153锁定在一起，使整个行星齿轮装置固连为一体并整体旋转，速比为1。动力传递具有三条路径，其中路径一，由发动机11通过整个行星齿轮装置传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30；路径二，由第一电机14通过整个行星齿轮装置传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30；路径三，由第二电机19通过第三齿轮192传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30。
图2是本发明的混合动力驱动***在串联混动模式下的杠杆示意图，如图1和图2所示，在串联混动模式下，第一离合器12结合，第二离合器16分离，制动装置17解锁太阳轮151，发动机11启动并驱动第一电机14进行发电，第一电机14为第二电机19提供电能，由第二电机19进行驱动。发动机11驱动第一电机14旋转产生的电能也可以存储动力电池中，由动力电池提供第二电机19驱动所需的电能。动力传递具有一条路径，由第二电机19通过第三齿轮192传递到第一齿轮181、中间轴18、第二齿轮182、差速器齿轮201、差速器20，最后到车轮30。当混合动力驱动***在串联混动模式下工作时，太阳轮151处于空转状态，为了避免太阳轮151与行星轮154之间发生齿轮敲击等NVH问题，控制发动机11在目标转速下工作，同时控制第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122处于滑动摩擦状态，转速波动传递至处于滑动摩擦状态的输入端121与输出端122时被阻断。
本发明实施例提供的混合动力驱动***具有双电机纯电动一档模式、双电机纯电动二档模式、并联混动一档模式、并联混动二档模式和串联混动模式，可根据动力电池的SOC(剩余电量)值及车速需求自动实现不同模式的切换。例如判断动力电池SOC值与第一阈值的大小关系，或者同时判断动力电池SOC值与第一阈值的大小关系以及车速与第二阈值的大小关系；根据判断结果，切换混合动力驱动***的工作模式。需要说明的是，第一阈值用于判断动力电池SOC值的高低，第二阈值用于判断车速的高低，本实施例不对第一阈值和第二阈值的取值范围做限定，通常可以根据具体的控制策略自由设定，不同的控制策略下，第一阈值和第二阈值的取值都不尽相同。设定好第一阈值和第二阈值后，则自动判断并根据判断结果在各种模式之间自动切换。
本发明还涉及一种混合动力驱动方法，所述混合动力驱动方法利用上述的混合动力驱动***，所述混合动力驱动方法包括：
当第一离合器12结合发动机11与输入轴13，且制动装置17解锁太阳轮151时，根据整车运行情况计算发动机11的功率，根据功率调取出与之对应的目标转速，发动机11在目标转速下工作时转速波动最小，控制第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122处于滑动摩擦状态；
当第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122处于滑动摩擦状态时，利用第一电机14调节输出端122的转速，使输入端121与输出端122的转速差处在设定范围内。
具体地，图3是本发明的混合动力驱动方法优化齿轮敲击的流程示意图，如图1和图3所示，所述混合动力驱动方法还包括：
步骤一，选择混合动力驱动***的工作模式。
混合动力驱动***具有双电机纯电动一档模式、双电机纯电动二档模式、并联混动一档模式、并联混动二档模式和串联混动模式；当动力电池电量充足、低车速、中小扭矩工况或中车速、小扭矩工况时，选择纯电动模式，并根据司机的油门开度在双电机纯电动一档模式与双电机纯电动二档模式之间切换；当动力电池电量不足、低车速、中小扭矩工况或中车速、小扭矩工况时，选择串联混动模式；当大扭矩工况或高车速工况时，选择并联混动模式，并根据司机油门开度在并联混动一档模式与并联混动二档模式之间切换。
步骤二，判断当前是否为串联混动模式。
当是串联混动模式时，执行齿轮敲击优化控制；当不是串联混动模式时，退出齿轮敲击优化控制。
步骤三，检测当前车速。
由于车速越高，整车的风噪、胎噪、路噪越大，当车速大于或等于阈值时，整车的风噪、胎噪、路噪将完全遮盖齿轮敲击音，无需实施齿轮敲击优化控制，退出齿轮敲击优化控制流程；当车速小于阈值时，实施齿轮敲击优化控制流程,即控制发动机11在目标转速下工作，控制第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122处于滑动摩擦状态。
步骤四，发送转速波动抑制请求给发动机管理***(Engine Management System；EMS)。
由于发动机11的燃烧状态、转速波动与发动机11的工作点相关，发动机功率PEngine与转速ωEngine、扭矩TEngine存在如下关系:
PEngine＝ωEngine·TEngine
调整发动机11的工作点可以改变发动机11的转速波动，而且在指定的发动机功率之下，存在一个最佳的发动机转速、扭矩工作点，使得发动机转速波动最低；根据整车运行情况计算发动机11的功率PEngine_req，发动机功率PEngine_req根据如下公式计算：
PEngine_req＝FreqV+PBattery_req+PCompressor+PAccessary
其中，Freq为需求的整车驱动力，根据油门开度APS、车速V查表求得；PBattery_req为动力电池充电的充电功率，根据动力电池SOC查表求得，SOC越低，需求的电池充电功率越大；PCompressor是空调压缩机的功率；PAccessary为整车电子器件的功率。
Freq＝f(APS，V)
PBattery_req＝f(SOC)
当整车控制器(Vehicle Control Unit；VCU)发送转速波动抑制请求和发动机功率请求给EMS，EMS接收到转速波动抑制请求和发动机功率请求之后，在VCU请求的发动机功率之下，EMS控制发动机11工作在发动机转速波动最低的转速、扭矩工作点。
值得一提的是，这个工作点是利用实车进行标定，即控制发动机11在多个发动机功率下工作，标定出每个发动机功率下转速波动最小时的目标转速，并存储标定的多个目标转速，当实施齿轮敲击优化控制时，根据整车运行情况计算发动机11的功率，并根据该功率调取出与之对应的目标转速，通过EMS控制发动机11按照目标转速工作。
步骤五，VCU实施第一离合器12微滑摩控制。
利用第一电机14对第一离合器12的输出端122的转速进行PI控制，保持第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122的转速差在设定范围内，优选地，使转速差处于50rpm～300rpm范围内。
具体地，虽然发动机11在目标转速nEngine_req下工作平稳、低波动，但由于第一离合器12的输入端121连接到发动机11，第一离合器12的输入端121转速以发动机11的目标转速nEngine_req为中心线，随着发动机11的转速波动而波动。为了保持第一离合器12的输出端122转速稳定，通过第一电机14对输出端122实施转速PT控制。VCU接收电机控制器(PCU)发出的第一电机14的转速nEM1，根据齿轮传动比计算第一离合器12的输出端122的转速nRing，并计算nRing与发动机11的目标转速nEngine_req(即输入端121的转速)的差值en，最后基于PI控制算法将en控制在设定范围内。VCU将基于PI控制算法得到的第一电机14的转矩请求TEM1发送给PCU，PCU执行VCU的请求；根据如下公式计算TEM1：
nRing＝nEM1iEM1
en＝nRing-nEngine_req
Figure BDA0002049927520000111
其中，iEM1为齿轮传动比；TEM1_LastValue为上一时刻计算的第一电机14转矩；KP为比例系数；TI为积分系数。
通过保持第一离合器12的输入端121与输出端122的转速差稳定，可避免齿轮发生敲击的问题。
综上，本发明实施例提供的混合动力驱动***，整体结构较简单，可以实现双电机纯电动一档模式、双电机纯电动二档模式、并联混动一档模式、并联混动二档模式和串联混动模式，具有较强的灵活性。而且在进行工作模式切换时，第二电机19参与驱动，动力不存在中断。此外，本发明的混合动力驱动***能避免在发动机11输入动力，且太阳轮151处于空转状态时发生齿轮敲击的问题。本发明的混合动力驱动***不用调节与轮端耦合的第二电机19的转矩，对驾驶性影响较小，保证车辆稳定行驶。本发明的混合动力驱动***能应用于两驱车型或四驱车型，平台化好。
上述实施方式只是本发明的实施例，不是用来限制本发明的实施与权利范围，凡依据本发明专利所申请的保护范围中所述的内容做出的等效变化和修饰，均应包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (11)

1.一种混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，包括发动机(11)、第一离合器(12)、输入轴(13)、第一电机(14)、行星齿轮装置(15)、第二离合器(16)、制动装置(17)、中间轴(18)、第二电机(19)和差速器(20)，所述行星齿轮装置(15)包括太阳轮(151)、行星架(152)和齿圈(153)，其中：
所述发动机(11)通过所述第一离合器(12)与所述输入轴(13)相连，所述第一电机(14)与所述输入轴(13)相连；
所述行星架(152)与所述中间轴(18)相连；
所述第二电机(19)与所述中间轴(18)相连；
所述中间轴(18)与所述差速器(20)相连；
所述第一离合器(12)用于结合或分离所述发动机(11)与所述输入轴(13)，所述第二离合器(16)用于结合或分离所述太阳轮(151)与所述齿圈(153)，所述制动装置(17)用于制动或解锁所述太阳轮(151)；
当所述第一离合器(12)结合所述发动机(11)与所述输入轴(13)，且所述制动装置(17)解锁所述太阳轮(151)时，根据整车运行情况计算所述发动机(11)的功率，根据所述功率调取出与之对应的目标转速，所述发动机(11)在所述目标转速下工作时转速波动最小，控制所述第一离合器(12)的输入端(121)与输出端(122)处于滑动摩擦状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，所述第一离合器(12)的输入端(121)与所述发动机(11)相连，所述第一离合器(12)的输出端(122)与所述输入轴(13)相连，当所述第一离合器(12)的输入端(121)与输出端(122)处于滑动摩擦状态时，利用所述第一电机(14)调节所述输出端(122)的转速，使所述输入端(121)与所述输出端(122)的转速差处在设定范围内。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，根据整车运行情况计算所述发动机(11)的功率的公式如下：
PEngine_req＝FreqV+PBattery_req+PCompressor+PAccessary
其中，PEngine_req为发动机功率；Freq为油门开度；V为车速；PBattery_req为动力电池的充电功率；PCompressor为空调压缩机的功率；PAccessary为整车电子器件的功率。
4.如权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，所述中间轴(18)上固定设有第一齿轮(181)和第二齿轮(182)，所述差速器(20)上设有差速器齿轮(201)，所述第一齿轮(181)与所述行星架(152)相互啮合，所述第二齿轮(182)与所述差速器齿轮(201)相互啮合。
5.如权利要求4所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，所述第二电机(19)具有第二电机输出轴(191)，所述第二电机输出轴(191)上固定设有第三齿轮(192)，所述第三齿轮(192)与所述第一齿轮(181)相互啮合。
6.如权利要求5所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，所述第一电机(14)具有第一电机输出轴(141)，所述第一电机输出轴(141)上固定设有第四齿轮(142)，所述输入轴(13)上固定设有第五齿轮(131)，所述第四齿轮(142)与所述第五齿轮(131)相互啮合。
7.如权利要求1至6任意一项所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，所述混合动力驱动***具有双电机纯电动一档模式和双电机纯电动二档模式，在所述双电机纯电动一档模式下，所述第一离合器(12)分离，所述第二离合器(16)分离，所述制动装置(17)制动所述太阳轮(151)，由所述第一电机(14)和所述第二电机(19)进行驱动；在所述双电机纯电动二档模式下，所述第一离合器(12)分离，所述第二离合器(16)结合，所述制动装置(17)解锁所述太阳轮(151)，由所述第一电机(14)和所述第二电机(19)进行驱动。
8.如权利要求1至6任意一项所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，所述混合动力驱动***具有并联混动一档模式，在所述并联混动一档模式下，所述第一离合器(12)结合，所述第二离合器(16)分离，所述制动装置(17)制动所述太阳轮(151)，由所述发动机(11)、所述第一电机(14)和所述第二电机(19)进行驱动；所述混合动力驱动***具有并联混动二档模式，在所述并联混动二档模式下，所述第一离合器(12)结合，所述第二离合器(16)结合，所述制动装置(17)解锁所述太阳轮(151)，由所述发动机(11)、所述第一电机(14)和所述第二电机(19)进行驱动。
9.如权利要求1至6任意一项所述的混合动力驱动***，其特征在于，所述混合动力驱动***具有串联混动模式，在所述串联混动模式下，所述第一离合器(12)结合，所述第二离合器(16)分离，所述制动装置(17)解锁所述太阳轮(151)，所述发动机(11)驱动所述第一电机(14)进行发电，由所述第二电机(19)进行驱动。
10.一种混合动力驱动方法，其特征在于，所述混合动力驱动方法利用权利要求1至9任一项所述的混合动力驱动***，所述混合动力驱动方法包括：
当所述第一离合器(12)结合所述发动机(11)与所述输入轴(13)，且所述制动装置(17)解锁所述太阳轮(151)时，根据整车运行情况计算所述发动机(11)的功率，根据所述功率调取出与之对应的目标转速，所述发动机(11)在所述目标转速下工作时转速波动最小，控制所述第一离合器(12)的输入端(121)与输出端(122)处于滑动摩擦状态。
11.如权利要求10所述的混合动力驱动方法，其特征在于，所述混合动力驱动方法还包括：
选择所述混合动力驱动***的工作模式，当所述混合动力驱动***在串联混动模式时，所述第一离合器(12)结合，所述第二离合器(16)分离，所述制动装置(17)解锁所述太阳轮(151)，所述发动机(11)驱动所述第一电机(14)进行发电，由所述第二电机(19)进行驱动；
检测当前车速；当车速小于阈值时，控制发动机(11)在所述目标转速下工作，控制所述第一离合器(12)的输入端(121)与输出端(122)处于滑动摩擦状态。
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