CN111889104B - Preparation method and application of 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material Download PDFInfo
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- -1 calcium oxide metal oxide Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910018107 Ni—Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 5
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHELTKFSBJNBMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlororuthenium;2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+2].N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 WHELTKFSBJNBMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8671—Removing components of defined structure not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8668
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- B01J35/23—
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- B01J35/39—
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- B01J35/695—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material, wherein the 0D/2D composite NiOOH/CaO nano catalytic material is prepared by utilizing a one-step synthesis strategy; the method comprises the steps of taking eggshells and nickel chloride hexahydrate as raw materials, taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a solvent, calcining the eggshells to obtain high-activity calcium oxide, carrying out constant-temperature reaction on the high-activity calcium oxide and an absolute ethyl alcohol solution of the nickel chloride hexahydrate at a specific temperature to obtain a green powder three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material, removing a CaO template by acid dissolution of an HCl solution, washing and centrifuging to obtain the uniformly dispersed green powder 0D/2D-NiOOH/CaO composite material. The 0D/2D nano composite material prepared by the invention can be used for photocatalysis of CO2Has high efficiency, high selectivity and high stability during reduction. The invention has simple and convenient synthesis process and low cost, has universality in different shell raw materials and has good economic and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material.
Background
The two-dimensional nano material is a material reaching the nano scale in a certain two-dimensional direction, has excellent carrier supporting effect, has rich dangling bonds on the surface and large specific surface area, but is easy to stack and agglomerate, so that the active sites of the two-dimensional nano material are reduced, and the two-dimensional nano material has a single function. The zero-dimensional nano material has various quantum effects and high surface exposed atomic ratio, and the composition of the zero-dimensional nano particles and the two-dimensional nano sheets can well solve the problems of easy agglomeration, single function and the like of a single two-dimensional material. But the realization of the small-size high-dispersion load of the zero-dimensional nano particles on the surfaces of the two-dimensional nano sheets is a difficult problem. Common strategies usually carry out surface modification on materials by using organic surfactants, but the presence of the organic surfactants easily covers active sites on the surface of two-dimensional materials, is difficult to remove, and can cause environmental pollution.
Among ecological wastes, calcium-containing wastes mainly including egg shells, oyster shells and the like, which have a large annual output and a large waste amount (the waste amount is about more than million kilograms per year), have become an important research direction in the reutilization of ecological wastes. The shells contain a large amount of calcium carbonate (higher than 90 percent), have a pure natural ordered porous three-dimensional self-supporting structure, and are beneficial to efficiently constructing the multi-dimensional composite material. The calcium carbonate shell wastes generated by biomineralization have low cost, are easy to obtain and have low heavy metal content, and are the most suitable templates for preparing the calcium oxide low-dimensional material. In the research on shell materials, the shell materials are usually calcined to obtain 3D bulk structure CaO, and then the 3D materials are induced to be converted spontaneously to form 2D materials through ion regulation.
Therefore, in order to avoid environmental pollution caused by modifying the surface by using an organic surfactant and environmental pressure caused by ecological waste, the method for synthesizing the 0D/2D nano composite material with small size and high dispersion by recycling the calcium-containing ecological waste is designed, and the method is simple in synthesis process, green and environment-friendly, and has important significance for providing a new idea for designing the 0D/2D nano composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a synthesis method for preparing a high-dispersion 0D/2D nano composite material by a one-step synthesis strategy, which is environment-friendly and aims at solving the problems that the existing 0D/2D nano composite material preparation method and 2D materials are easy to agglomerate and the like. The invention adopts a one-step synthesis strategy to form the NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite material with uniform appearance, controllable size and highly dispersed nano particles by self-assembly, and the prepared NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite material has excellent catalytic performance. The invention has low cost, simple method and good economic and environmental benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material comprises the following raw materials: egg shell, nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl)2·6H2O）。
A preparation method of a 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material comprises the following steps: calcining egg shells to obtain high-activity calcium oxide, namely a reaction precursor; then transferring the reaction precursor into a three-neck flask filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, and heating and stirring the reaction precursor in a water bath under the nitrogen atmosphere; then adding NiCl2Pouring the ethanol solution into the three-neck flask, and stirring; centrifuging, washing and freeze-drying the mixed solution obtained after the reaction to obtain a green powder three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material; and placing the three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material prepared by stirring at normal temperature into an HCl solution, removing a CaO template by acid dissolution, and washing and centrifuging to obtain a green solid powdery uniformly-dispersed 0D/2D-NiOOH/CaO composite material.
The NiOOH/CaO nano composite material with uniform size and high dispersion specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning eggshells, placing the eggshells in an oven for drying, taking out the eggshells, placing the eggshells in a corundum crucible, placing the corundum crucible in a muffle furnace for calcining, and cooling to prepare a white calcium oxide (CaO) powder precursor;
(2) then weighing the precursor, putting the precursor into a three-neck flask filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, introducing nitrogen into the three-neck flask, heating in a water bath, stirring, and keeping constant temperature;
(3) weighing nickel chloride hexahydrate, dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol, and performing ultrasonic treatment until the nickel chloride hexahydrate is completely dissolved to obtain a yellow-green solution; pouring the mixture into the three-neck flask, fully stirring, centrifuging, washing and drying until the water is completely volatilized to obtain a green powder three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material;
(4) and finally, placing the three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material prepared at normal temperature in a strong acid solution, removing a CaO template by acid dissolution, and washing and centrifuging to obtain a green powder 0D/2D-NiOOH/CaO composite material.
Further, the drying in the step (1) refers to drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 3 hours.
Further, the calcination in the step (1) is specifically as follows: the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 1050 ℃, and the calcining time is 1 h.
Further, the cooling in the step (1) is specifically as follows: cooling to 100 ℃ along with the furnace.
Furthermore, the dosage of the precursor in the step (2) is 1.4 g, and the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 100 mL.
Further, the constant temperature treatment in the step (2) is specifically as follows: the temperature is 30 ℃ and the stirring time is 30 min.
Further, in the step (3), the amount of the nickel chloride hexahydrate is 5.94 g, and the amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 150 mL.
Further, the stirring time in the step (3) is 24 hours.
Further, the washing solvent in the step (3) is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the washing times are 4 times.
Further, the drying mode in the step (3) is vacuum-53 ℃ freeze drying, and the drying time is 12 h.
Further, the strong acid solution in the step (4) is 0.1M HCl solution, and the acid dissolution time is 10 min.
Further, the washing solvent in the step (4) is deionized water, and the washing times are 4 times.
Wherein the average particle size range of NiOOH nano-particles is 3-5 nm, as shown in figure 4; the pore structure of the 0D/2D composite NiOOH/CaO nano-catalytic material is represented as a hierarchical porous structure, as shown in FIG. 6.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the chemical reaction of alkaline metal oxide and weak acidic metal salt to introduce Ni into the surface of CaO obtained by calcining egg shells2+The metal ions successfully realize ion-induced regulation and control on the high-activity CaO, so that the surface of the CaO in the 3D block structure is generated into a 2D sheet shape, and a good carrier is provided for the multi-dimensional structure composite material.
(2) In the invention, Ni2+The composite material is introduced to the surface of CaO to form highly dispersed 0D NiOOH nano-particles with the average particle size of 3-5 nm, and the construction of the Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) multi-dimensional structure composite material regulates and controls the pore structure of the material to obtain a hierarchical porous structure with micropores and mesopores.
(3) The Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) composite material prepared by the invention has extremely high photocatalytic CO2The reduction efficiency and the CO yield are up to 4061 mu mol h-1 g-1Mainly due to the small-size high-dispersion load of the NiOOH nano particles with high surface activity, and catalytic active sites are provided for the reaction. Meanwhile, the electron transport capability of the sample is improved by constructing the Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) multi-dimensional composite structure material, and the improvement of the catalytic performance of the sample is comprehensively promoted.
(4) The preparation method of the invention has universality in different shell calcium sources (oyster shell and clam shell), and is beneficial to synchronously realizing comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources and environmental purification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of a NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite prepared in example 1 of the present invention and a CaO nanocomposite of comparative example 2;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic morphology of a CaO nanocomposite prepared according to comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the micro-morphology and EDS energy spectrum of NiOOH/CaO nanosheets prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is (a, c) a TEM image, (b) a particle size distribution diagram, (d) an electron diffraction diagram of NiOOH/CaO obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transmission electron microscope image of a NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a pore size distribution diagram of a NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite obtained in example 1 of the present invention, and NiCl obtained in comparative example 12CO of materials and CaO nanomaterial of comparative example 22Reduction efficiency;
FIG. 8 is a NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite obtained in example 1 of the present invention, NiCl in comparative example 12Materials and CaO nanomaterial couple CO of comparative example 22The effect of reduction efficiency;
FIG. 9 shows the photocatalytic CO of the NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite obtained in example 1 of the present invention2Cycle efficiency curve for reduction.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
Preparation of Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) nanocomposites:
(1) taking eggshell waste as a raw material, cleaning, drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 3h, taking out, placing in a corundum crucible, placing in a muffle furnace at 1050 ℃ for calcining for 1 h, setting the temperature rise speed at 5 ℃/min, cooling to 100 ℃ along with the furnace, wearing heat-insulating gloves, taking out the crucible, and obtaining a white calcium oxide (CaO) powder precursor;
(2) then weighing 1.4 g of CaO precursor, putting the CaO precursor into a three-neck flask filled with 100 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding a stirrer, introducing nitrogen into one side of the three-neck flask, connecting the other side of the three-neck flask with an air outlet, putting the whole device on a heating stirrer, heating in a water bath, and keeping the constant temperature of 30 ℃;
(3) then 5.94 g of nickel chloride hexahydrate is weighed and dissolved in 150 mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, and the solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment until the nickel chloride hexahydrate is completely dissolved to obtain a yellow-green solution. Stirring CaO powder for 30min in absolute ethyl alcohol under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, and adding NiCl2The ethanol solution was poured into the three-necked flask and stirred for 24 hours. Centrifuging the mixed solution obtained after the reaction, washing and centrifuging for 4 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and freeze-drying for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 53 ℃ in vacuum to obtain a green powder three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material;
(4) and finally, placing the three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material in 0.1M HCl solution for acid dissolution for 10 min to remove a CaO template, and washing and centrifuging for 4 times by using deionized water to obtain the green powder NiOOH/CaO composite material.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of calcined eggshells, and it can be seen that CaO obtained after calcination has 3D lumps
The shape and appearance are large;
as can be seen in FIG. 3, Ni2+The ions can induce the 3D CaO material to form a two-dimensional sheet shape;
as can be seen in fig. 4, 5 and 6, there is a small size zero-dimensional NiOOH uniformly dispersed over the two-dimensional CaO.
Comparative example 1
NiCl2Preparation of the material:
NiCl2is commercial NiCl2Without any treatment.
Comparative example 2
Preparing a CaO nano material:
the method comprises the steps of cleaning eggshell waste serving as a raw material, drying the eggshell waste in an oven at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out the eggshell waste, placing the eggshell waste in a corundum crucible, placing the corundum crucible in a muffle furnace at 1050 ℃ for calcining for 1 hour, setting the temperature rise speed to be 5 ℃/min, cooling the corundum crucible to 100 ℃ along with the furnace, wearing heat insulation gloves, and taking out the corundum crucible to obtain white calcium oxide (CaO) powder.
Application example 1
The NiOOH/CaO nanocomposite obtained in example 1 was used for photocatalytic CO2The reduction comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing 4 mg of NiOOH/CaO sample powder, 8 mg of tris (2, 2' -bipyridine) ruthenium (II) chloride hexahydrate and 16 mg of 2, 2-bipyridine, completely filling the mixture into a quartz reactor, adding 0.5 mL of deionized water, 1 mL of triethanolamine and 3.5 mL of acetonitrile serving as mixed solvents, putting a stirrer, and sealing the reactor by using sealing grease;
(2) high purity CO2Filling the gas into the evacuated balloon, and injecting a certain amount of CO2Then the valve is closed, the balloon is connected to one end of the reactor, the other end of the reactor is connected with a vacuum pump, and the reactor is repeatedly vacuumized and filled with CO2After circulation for 4-5 times, closing a valve connected with a reactor and a vacuum pump exhaust tube, only keeping gas in the balloon to be communicated with the reactor, placing the reactor on a stirrer to be stirred at high speed for 30min, then closing the valve connected with the reactor and the balloon, removing the balloon, placing the sealed reactor on a well-installed bracket, completely exposing the sealed reactor under the irradiation of a xenon lamp light source, and controlling the temperature of a water bath to be kept at about 30 ℃;
(3) taking gas in the reactor once every 1 h, and detecting O in the gas by using a gas chromatograph2CO and CH4And the like.
Application example 2
NiCl obtained in comparative example 1 was added2Nanosheet for photocatalytic CO2The reduction comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing 4 mg of NiCl2Completely filling sample powder, 8 mg of tris (2, 2' -bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) chloride hexahydrate and 16 mg of 2, 2-bipyridyl into a quartz reactor, adding 0.5 mL of deionized water, 1 mL of triethanolamine and 3.5 mL of acetonitrile serving as mixed solvents, putting a stirrer, and sealing the reactor with sealing grease;
(2) high purity CO2Filling the gas into the evacuated balloon, and injecting a certain amount of CO2Then the valve is closed, the balloon is connected to one end of the reactor, the other end of the reactor is connected with a vacuum pump, and the reactor is repeatedly vacuumized and filled with CO2After 4-5 times of circulation, closing a valve connecting the reactor and a vacuum pump exhaust pipe, only keeping gas in the balloon to be communicated with the reactor, placing the reactor on a stirrer to be stirred at a high speed for 30min, then closing the valve connecting the reactor and the balloon, taking off the balloon, and placing the sealed reactorOn the installed bracket, the bracket is completely exposed under the irradiation of a xenon lamp light source, and the temperature of the water bath is controlled to be kept at about 30 ℃;
(3) taking gas in the reactor once every 1 h, and detecting O in the gas by using a gas chromatograph2CO and CH4And the like.
Application example 3
Application of CaO nanosheet obtained in comparative example 2 to photocatalytic CO2The reduction comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing 4 mg of CaO sample powder, 8 mg of tris (2, 2' -bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) chloride hexahydrate and 16 mg of 2, 2-bipyridyl, completely filling the materials into a quartz reactor, adding 0.5 mL of deionized water, 1 mL of triethanolamine and 3.5 mL of acetonitrile serving as a mixed solvent, putting a stirrer, and sealing the reactor by using sealing grease;
(2) high purity CO2Filling the gas into the evacuated balloon, and injecting a certain amount of CO2Then the valve is closed, the balloon is connected to one end of the reactor, the other end of the reactor is connected with a vacuum pump, and the reactor is repeatedly vacuumized and filled with CO2After circulation for 4-5 times, closing a valve connected with a reactor and a vacuum pump exhaust tube, only keeping gas in the balloon to be communicated with the reactor, placing the reactor on a stirrer to be stirred at high speed for 30min, then closing the valve connected with the reactor and the balloon, removing the balloon, placing the sealed reactor on a well-installed bracket, completely exposing the sealed reactor under the irradiation of a xenon lamp light source, and controlling the temperature of a water bath to be kept at about 30 ℃;
(3) taking gas in the reactor once every 1 h, and detecting O in the gas by using a gas chromatograph2CO and CH4And the like.
CO of different catalysts according to FIG. 72Reduction efficiency, combined with Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) samples, pure CaO and pure NiCl in FIG. 82The data of the three groups of control samples can be seen (1-3 groups of data in the figure), and the photocatalytic CO of the Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) sample under the same conditions2Reduction efficiency (4 h up to 16245. mu. mol g-1) Significantly higher than the other control samples, in which the CaO precursor has the lowest reduction efficiency (4 h, 224. mu. mol g)-1) Production of COThe lowest amount; NiCl2The control sample had high CO in the first hour2The reduction efficiency (1 h reaches 4000-5000 mu mol g-1) However, the efficiency of the subsequent 3h is obviously reduced, and the total CO yield of four hours only reaches about 6200 mu mol g-1The result shows that the sample is easy to inactivate and has poor stability. From these two control experiments, it can be seen that the sample is on CO2The reducing activity of (b) is mainly derived from NiOOH. In addition, FIG. 7 CO of Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) samples2The reduction efficiency curves show significantly superior stability to other control samples, with no significant reduction in reduction efficiency over time, with strong stability, while the photocatalytic CO of the Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) samples shown in FIG. 92The reduction cycle efficiency curves further demonstrate that the Ni/Ca (NiOOH/CaO) samples have a very strong stability, with only a small reduction in reduction efficiency over a catalytic time of 30 hours total of five cycles.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning eggshells, drying the eggshells in an oven, taking out the eggshells, placing the eggshells in a corundum crucible, placing the corundum crucible in a muffle furnace for calcination, and cooling the corundum crucible to prepare a white calcium oxide powder precursor;
(2) then weighing a calcium oxide powder precursor, putting the calcium oxide powder precursor into a three-neck flask filled with absolute ethyl alcohol, introducing nitrogen into the three-neck flask, heating in a water bath, stirring, and keeping constant temperature;
(3) weighing nickel chloride hexahydrate, dissolving the nickel chloride hexahydrate in absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic treatment until the nickel chloride hexahydrate is completely dissolved to obtain a yellow-green solution, pouring the yellow-green solution into the three-neck flask, fully stirring, centrifuging, washing and drying until the water is completely volatilized to obtain a green powder three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material;
(4) finally, placing the three-dimensional Ni-Ca composite material in a strong acid solution, removing a CaO template by acid dissolution, and washing and centrifuging to obtain a green powder 0D/2D-NiOOH/CaO composite material;
the dosage of the calcium oxide powder precursor in the step (2) is 1.4 g, the dosage of the nickel chloride hexahydrate in the step (3) is 5.94 g, the strong acid solution in the step (4) is 0.1M HCl solution, and the acid dissolution time is 10 min.
2. The preparation method of the 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 3 h; the calcination is specifically as follows: the heating speed is 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 1050 ℃, and the calcining time is 1 h; the cooling specifically comprises the following steps: cooling to 100 ℃ along with the furnace.
3. The preparation method of the 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol in the step (2) is 100 mL.
4. The preparation method of the 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant temperature treatment in the step (2) is specifically as follows: the temperature is 30 ℃ and the stirring time is 30 min.
5. The preparation method of the 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol in the step (3) is 150 mL.
6. The preparation method of the 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring time in the step (3) is 24 hours; the washing solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the washing times are 4 times.
7. The preparation method of the 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drying mode in the step (3) is vacuum-53 ℃ freeze drying, and the drying time is 12 h.
8. The preparation method of the 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the washing solvent is deionized water, and the washing times are 4 times.
9. A 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The 0D/2D composite calcium oxide metal oxide nano catalytic material of claim 9 in photocatalysis of CO2And (4) application to reduction.
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| CN109803926A (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2019-05-24 | 依瑟尔有限公司 | For manufacturing at least one metal and/or a type of metal and/or a kind of method and its application of the crystal of the aluminate of lanthanide series |
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| CN106449153A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-22 | 北京化工大学 | Nano Ni (OH)2@C composite material and preparation method |
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