CN111887356A - Antibiotic-free creep feed for improving growth performance of quaternary hybrid weak piglet - Google Patents

Antibiotic-free creep feed for improving growth performance of quaternary hybrid weak piglet Download PDF

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CN111887356A
CN111887356A CN202010840849.5A CN202010840849A CN111887356A CN 111887356 A CN111887356 A CN 111887356A CN 202010840849 A CN202010840849 A CN 202010840849A CN 111887356 A CN111887356 A CN 111887356A
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parts
antibiotic
creep feed
improving
growth performance
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易宏波
蒋宗勇
王丽
温晓鹿
冉学光
熊云霞
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Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses an antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of quaternary hybrid weak piglets, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 1-5 parts of DL-methionine, 1-5 parts of L-threonine, 200 parts of soybean protein isolate, 200 parts of low-protein whey powder, 50-100 parts of whey protein concentrate, 400-600 parts of corn starch, 10-20 parts of soybean oil, 20-50 parts of inulin, 20-30 parts of sucrose, 3-5 parts of 50% choline chloride, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 3-5 parts of salt, 10-20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate, 5-10 parts of stone powder and 15 parts of premix. The nonreactive creep feed has strong fragrance, can promote the piglets to eat, has the characteristics of high nutrition and easy digestion, can be quickly digested and absorbed by the four-element weak piglets after being fed, makes up the deficiency of self nutrition, enhances the disease resistance of organisms, and reduces the diarrhea rate and the death rate.

Description

Antibiotic-free creep feed for improving growth performance of quaternary hybrid weak piglet
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of piglet feed, in particular to an antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of quaternary hybrid weak piglets.
Background
Since 2018, the African swine fever mat rolls in every Chinese, the production capacity of live pigs in China greatly declines, and the pigs are difficult to recover for a long time, so that the price of pork rises, and the national estimated lives are seriously affected. The African swine fever has more diseases on sows, the death of the sows exceeds 1/2 of the stock quantity, the subsequent reproduction and propagation of the repeated products are seriously influenced, and great loss is caused to the breeding industry of live pigs. Under the normal production condition, the binary sow is used as a boar, and the ternary hybrid piglet is bred and raised to be the pork pig on the market. In order to relieve the defects of insufficient stock of sows, short supply of piglets and high price, a large number of enterprises and farmers use the three-element sows for hybridization to produce the quaternary hybrid piglets. However, the quadribasic hybrid piglets produced by the ternary sows have poor uniformity and a large number of weak piglets. The quaternary hybrid weak piglet has poor intestinal health condition, weak nutrient digestion capacity, easy diarrhea and seriously hindered growth speed.
No matter the quadribasic hybrid piglet or the ternary hybrid piglet, the intestinal function of the piglet per se is not completely developed, and the influence of weaning stress, the preparation of the piglet creep feed needs to consider the following factors: the nutrition is comprehensive and balanced. The raw materials have different corresponding nutrient components and different digestibility, and the raw materials need scientific formulation and elaborate preparation; ② suitable for digestion and nutrient absorption. The anti-nutritional factors and the allergic factors are reduced, the digestibility of the feed is improved, the key point of improving the feed intake of the piglets is that the feed has good performance after being digested, absorbed and deposited again; and the palatability is good. The piglet likes to eat, the feed intake can be improved, and good daily gain indexes can be realized; and fourthly, the stress response of weaning is reduced. The weaning stress is one of the important reasons for weight loss of the piglets after weaning, the piglets even can grow and stagnate, the feed formula needs to be adjusted and optimized, the stress response is reduced, the normal growth speed of the pigs is recovered as soon as possible, and the weaning stress loss is made up; fifthly, the incidence rate of diarrhea and other diseases are reduced to the maximum extent. In addition to protein, nutrients such as electrolytes, vitamins and amino acids are lost with diarrhea once nutritional diarrhea occurs. The indigestible feed enters the large intestine after passing through the small intestine, and becomes a good culture medium for bacteria in the large intestine, so that the bacteria in the large intestine are rapidly propagated, which is a main cause of diarrhea of the suckling pigs. Therefore, piglet creep feed formulation is a complex and technically intensive task.
At present, the formula of the three-element piglet creep feed is researched more, and patent application CN202010367171.3 discloses a manufacturing method of the creep feed, which comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing and crushing corn and bean pulp, carrying out expansion treatment, then crushing again, mixing the obtained expanded material with flour, expanded soybean, fish meal, sugar, soybean oil, stone powder and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, granulating, cooling and crushing; and adding whey powder, protein powder, sodium chloride, calcium formate, amino acid, trace element premix and vitamin premix, performing secondary granulation on 45-55% of the mixed material, and finally uniformly mixing the rest powder and the granular material, wherein acid-resistant zinc oxide is added in the process. Patent application CN201911310293.2 discloses a religion groove material, mainly comprises powder and granule material, and the powder raw materials includes: skimmed milk powder, high protein whey powder, maltodextrin, puffed corn, parched flour, coconut oil, acidulant, porous zinc oxide, etc. The granules consist of the following raw materials: starch, flour, edible oil, puffed soybean, fermented soybean meal, super steam fish meal, whey powder, milk powder, sunflower hulls, glucose, white sugar, calcium hydrophosphate, mountain flour, lysine hydrochloride, L-threonine, DL-methionine, L-tryptophan, L-glutamine, L-arginine, compound vitamins, compound trace elements, an acidifier, porous zinc oxide and the like. Patent application CN201910529072.8 discloses a piglet creep feed without antibiotics and pig homologous protein, which comprises corn, puffed corn, flour, puffed soybean, Hamlet protein, yeast nucleotide, super steam fish meal, odd feed powder, sucrose, glucose, whey powder, milk powder, whey protein concentrate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium formate, salt, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, compound acidifier, coated zinc oxide, coated plant essential oil, coated sodium butyrate, alkaloid, compound vitamin, trace element premix and compound enzyme preparation. The piglet creep feed formula disclosed at present is applied to three-way hybrid piglets, and most of the formula can be applied to corn or puffed corn, bean pulp or fermented bean pulp, zinc oxide, coated zinc oxide or porous zinc oxide.
The problem of the number of piglets can be solved by breeding the ternary sows and the boars to produce the quaternary hybrid piglets, but in the production practice, the piglets are found to be slippery in quality due to the increase of genetic belts, particularly, the uniformity difference is large, the proportion of weak piglets is increased, and the weak piglets cannot be selected to be eliminated by a farm due to high price of the piglets. Compared with the ternary piglets, the quaternary hybrid piglets are new strains, and no nutritional solution for effectively improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid piglets, particularly weak piglets, exists for a while at present. Therefore, how to effectively improve the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid piglets, particularly weak piglets, becomes a great problem troubling farms and feed enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet, and the creep feed provided by the invention has high nutritive value, can improve the intestinal health level of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet, improves the feed intake and daily gain of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet, reduces the diarrhea rate and death rate of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet, further ensures the health and normal growth of the piglet and improves the economic benefit of a farm.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of a quaternary hybrid weak piglet, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 1-5 parts of DL-methionine, 1-5 parts of L-threonine, 200 parts of soybean protein isolate, 200 parts of low-protein whey powder, 50-100 parts of whey protein concentrate, 400-600 parts of corn starch, 10-20 parts of soybean oil, 20-50 parts of inulin, 20-30 parts of sucrose, 3-5 parts of 50% choline chloride, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 3-5 parts of salt, 10-20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate, 5-10 parts of stone powder and 15 parts of premix.
Further, the premix comprises a composite trace element, a composite vitamin, an acidifier, a composite enzyme, an antioxidant, a mildew preventive and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5: 3: 1.5: 0.4: 0.5: 8.1.
Further, the premix compound trace elements consist of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, selenium yeast, calcium iodate and cobalt chloride, and the mass ratio of the components is 333: 24: 290: 13: 1: 1: 0.1.
further, the compound vitamin in the premix consists of vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B12, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin and vitamin C, and the mass ratio of the components is 22: 2.2: 160: 5: 7.5: 18.2:10.2: 8.8:51: 30: 1.5:12.5: 215.
Further, the acidifier in the premix consists of fumaric acid, citric acid, sorbic acid and benzoic acid in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1: 0.5.
Furthermore, the compound enzyme in the premix consists of 10 to 50 percent of protease, 10 to 50 percent of amylase and 0.05 to 0.1 percent of phytase.
Further, the antioxidant in the premix consists of 4', 7-dihydroxyisoflavone and butylated hydroxyanisole, and the mass ratio of the antioxidant to the butylated hydroxyanisole is 1: 1.
Further, the mildew preventive in the premix consists of calcium propionate and sodium propionate, and the mass ratio of the mildew preventive to the calcium propionate to the sodium propionate is 1: 1.
Furthermore, the carrier in the premix is one or a mixture of stone powder, zeolite powder and bentonite.
The invention combines the characteristics of weak digestion function and easy occurrence of weaning stress reaction of the quaternary weak piglet, synergistically uses the soybean protein isolate, the low-protein whey powder, the whey protein concentrate and the corn starch, improves the content of the components in the formula, and completely replaces corn or puffed corn, bean pulp or fermented bean pulp, improves the content of basic nutrient substances, and increases the digestibility of the creep feed, thereby ensuring the full digestion and palatability of the weak piglet. Inulin contains more monosaccharides and disaccharides, has slight sweet taste, is a natural water-soluble dietary fiber, can hardly be hydrolyzed and digested by gastric acid, and is utilized only by beneficial microorganisms in colon, thereby improving intestinal environment. At the same time, inulin is fermented to short-chain fatty acids and lactate itself in front of the end of the intestine, so that in the present invention the enzyme is only protease, amylase, phytase. In addition, the fermentation product of the inulin can be chelated with metal ions to promote the absorption of the metal ions, so ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and cobalt chloride are selected as metal sources in the formula of the inulin. In addition, 4,The 7-dihydroxyisoflavone is a polyphenol substance which can react with free radicals in vivo and in vitro to generate corresponding ions and molecules, can inhibit the generation of free radicals, eliminate and extinguish the free radicals, terminate the chain reaction of the free radicals, can promote the secretion of antioxidase and inhibit lipid peroxidation, thereby reducing quaternary weak peptidesThe stress of weaning pigs causes oxidation reactions in the body. Finally, the invention completely does not use the raw material zinc oxide which is required to be added in the piglet creep feed.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described below by way of specific examples, which are provided only for the purpose of further illustrating the present invention and do not represent the scope of the present invention, and other insubstantial modifications and adaptations made in accordance with the present invention would still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 1 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 5 parts of DL-methionine, 5 parts of L-threonine, 200 parts of soybean protein isolate, 100 parts of low-protein whey powder, 100 parts of whey protein concentrate, 400 parts of corn starch, 20 parts of soybean oil, 50 parts of inulin, 20 parts of cane sugar, 3 parts of 50% choline chloride, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 5 parts of salt, 20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate, 5 parts of stone powder and 15 parts of premix.
Further, the premix comprises compound trace elements, compound vitamins, an acidifier, a compound enzyme, an antioxidant, a mildew preventive and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5: 3: 1.5: 0.4: 0.5: 8.1.
Further, the composite trace elements consist of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, selenium yeast, calcium iodate and cobalt chloride, and the mass ratio of the components is 333: 24: 290: 13: 1: 1: 0.1.
further, the compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B12, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin and vitamin C, and the mass ratio of the components is 22: 2.2: 160: 5: 7.5: 18.2:10.2: 8.8:51: 30: 1.5:12.5: 215.
Further, the acidulant consists of fumaric acid, citric acid, sorbic acid and benzoic acid in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1: 0.5.
Furthermore, the compound enzyme consists of 10 to 50 percent of protease, 10 to 50 percent of amylase and 0.05 to 0.1 percent of phytase.
Further, the antioxidant consists of 4', 7-dihydroxyisoflavone and butyl hydroxy anisole, and the mass ratio of the antioxidant to the butyl hydroxy anisole is 1: 1.
Further, the anti-mildew agent consists of calcium propionate and sodium propionate, and the mass ratio of the anti-mildew agent to the sodium propionate is 1: 1.
The carrier is stone powder.
Example 2
The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 1 part of DL-methionine, 1 part of L-threonine, 100 parts of soybean protein isolate, 200 parts of low-protein whey powder, 50 parts of whey protein concentrate, 600 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of inulin, 30 parts of cane sugar, 5 parts of 50% choline chloride, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 3 parts of salt, 10 parts of calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate, 10 parts of stone powder and 15 parts of premix.
Further, the composition and content of the premix were the same as those of example 1 except that the carrier was bentonite.
Example 3
The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: 3 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 2 parts of DL-methionine, 1 part of L-threonine, 160 parts of soybean protein isolate, 150 parts of low-protein whey powder, 80 parts of whey protein concentrate, 480 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of soybean oil, 30 parts of inulin, 30 parts of cane sugar, 3 parts of 50% choline chloride, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 4 parts of salt, 15 parts of calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate, 8 parts of stone powder and 15 parts of premix.
Further, the composition and content of the premix are the same as those of example 1 except that the carrier is talc.
Application example 1
Selecting 240 quaternary weak piglets (weaned at 21 days and 3-5 kg of initial weight) produced by the Duroc long-white big-white ternary sows, and randomly distributing the four quaternary weak piglets to 3 treatment groups according to the weight and the sex: 1 group, feeding the piglets to purchase creep feed suitable for the three-way hybrid piglets without antibiotics in the market; 2, a creep feed test group containing antibiotics and suitable for the three-way hybrid piglets is purchased in a feeding market; 3 groups, the non-antibiotic creep feed prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is fed; each group had 8 replicates, each of 10 piglets, and the test period was 14 days.
The test site is located in the animal science research institute test field of Guangdong province academy of agricultural sciences, the stall is a totally-enclosed building with a temperature control device, piglets are confined in the leaky stall above the ground and fed for 4 times at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 times a day, and diarrhea conditions are recorded. The piglets can eat and drink water freely. Each group of pigs are subjected to vaccination, insect expelling, health care and the like according to the immunization program of a pig farm.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effectiveness of the antibiotic-free creep of example 1 with the commercially available creep
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As shown in Table 1, the antibiotic-free creep feed provided by the invention obviously improves the growth performance of quaternary weak piglets, the average daily gain reaches 401g, the feed-weight ratio is as low as 1.21, and the antibiotic-free creep feed is greatly superior to the existing ternary piglet antibiotic-free and antibiotic-containing creep feed in the market. The diarrhea rate and the death rate are respectively 3.82 and 2.50, the effect is very obvious, and the diarrhea rate and the death rate are greatly superior to the ternary antibiotic-free creep feed and the antibiotic-containing creep feed purchased in the market. The quaternary weak piglet nonreactive creep feed provided by the invention is fragrant and strong in flavor, can promote the weak piglet to eat, has the characteristics of high nutrition and easy digestion, can be quickly digested and absorbed after being fed, makes up for the deficiency of self nutrition, enhances the disease resistance of an organism, reduces the diarrhea rate and the death rate, and has remarkable economic value.

Claims (9)

1. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 1-5 parts of DL-methionine, 1-5 parts of L-threonine, 200 parts of soybean protein isolate, 200 parts of low-protein whey powder, 50-100 parts of whey protein concentrate, 400-600 parts of corn starch, 10-20 parts of soybean oil, 20-50 parts of inulin, 20-30 parts of sucrose, 3-5 parts of 50% choline chloride, 3-5 parts of potassium chloride, 3-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 3-5 parts of salt, 10-20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate dihydrate, 5-10 parts of stone powder and 15 parts of premix.
2. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the premix comprises compound trace elements, compound vitamins, an acidifier, compound enzymes, an antioxidant, a mildew preventive and a carrier according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5: 3: 1.5: 0.4: 0.5: 8.1.
3. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the composite trace elements consist of ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, selenium yeast, calcium iodate and cobalt chloride, and the mass ratio of each component is 333: 24: 290: 13: 1: 1: 0.1.
4. the antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the compound vitamin comprises A, D, E, K, B1, B2, B6, B12, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, folic acid, biotin and vitamin C, and the mass ratio of the components is 22: 2.2: 160: 5: 7.5: 18.2:10.2: 8.8:51: 30: 1.5:12.5: 215.
5. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the acidulant consists of fumaric acid, citric acid, sorbic acid and benzoic acid in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1: 0.5.
6. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the compound enzyme consists of 10 to 50 percent of protease, 10 to 50 percent of amylase and 0.05 to 0.1 percent of phytase.
7. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the antioxidant consists of 4', 7-dihydroxyisoflavone and butyl hydroxy anisole, and the mass ratio of the antioxidant to the butyl hydroxy anisole is 1: 1.
8. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the anti-mildew agent consists of calcium propionate and sodium propionate, and the mass ratio of the anti-mildew agent to the sodium propionate is 1: 1.
9. The antibiotic-free creep feed for improving the growth performance of the quaternary hybrid weak piglet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the carrier is one or a mixture of stone powder, zeolite powder and bentonite.
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