CN111883908A - Conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna of ultrashort wave wing - Google Patents
Conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna of ultrashort wave wing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883908A CN111883908A CN202010772367.0A CN202010772367A CN111883908A CN 111883908 A CN111883908 A CN 111883908A CN 202010772367 A CN202010772367 A CN 202010772367A CN 111883908 A CN111883908 A CN 111883908A
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- antenna
- metal sheet
- radiation patch
- wing
- conformal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft
- H01Q1/287—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft integrated in a wing or a stabiliser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrashort wave wing conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna which comprises a radiation patch, a resistor and inductor parallel loading element, a first exponential form metal sheet, a metal floor and a second exponential form metal sheet, wherein the radiation patch is connected with the resistor and the inductor in parallel; the radiation patch is positioned on the upper surface of the wing; the first exponential-form metal sheet is positioned at the center of the radiation patch and connected with the feed coaxial cable; the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the wing; the index profile metal sheet is positioned at two ends of the radiation patch and connected with the metal floor; one end of a loading element with the parallel connection of the resistor and the inductor is welded on the radiation patch, and the other end of the loading element is welded on the second index profile metal sheet. The antenna realizes good matching in an ultrashort wave microwave ultra-wide frequency band, the voltage standing wave ratio in a full frequency band is less than 2.5, the omnidirectional radiation of a horizontal plane is realized in a vertical polarization working mode, the antenna is completely conformal with wings, the height of the section of the antenna is 45mm, an appearance structure of an airplane is not additionally added, and the original aerodynamic performance of the airplane is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna engineering, particularly relates to an ultrashort wave unmanned reconnaissance aircraft wing conformal antenna technology, and discloses an ultrashort wave wing conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, in particular to a double-layer patch antenna evolved from a traditional monopole antenna, which can be completely conformal with a wing platform and has a vertical polarization working form, an extremely low section height and a horizontal omnidirectional radiation effect. The antenna is particularly suitable for wing conformal antennas which can be required to be well conformal with wings, work in ultra-wide wave bands of ultra-short wave microwaves, vertically polarize and radiate in all directions on a horizontal plane.
Background
Along with the high-speed development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, unmanned aerial vehicle receives more and more attention, and it is used in each field such as military affairs, agriculture, scientific research exploration widely. Unmanned aerial vehicle during operation often needs to carry out wireless contact with ground control. And the unmanned aerial vehicle is required to be ensured to be capable of receiving and transmitting signals with the ground within a certain distance no matter what flying posture the aircraft flies. Meanwhile, as an airborne antenna, the requirement that the basic aerodynamic performance of an airplane is not affected is also met, which requires that the antenna has a low profile height and is conformal with the structure of the airplane as well as possible, so that the electrical performance of the antenna and the influence on the structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle are fully considered in the design of the airborne antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The existing airborne conformal omnidirectional antenna is horizontally polarized and can only realize omnidirectional radiation on a vertical plane, although the horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna can be well conformal with a fuselage, the working principle of the antenna shows that the size of the ultra-short wave band antenna structure in the horizontal direction is very long, so that the antenna can only be attached to the surface of an airplane, and the polarization mode of the antenna can only be horizontally polarized. The airborne omnidirectional antenna capable of realizing vertical polarization at present is a knife-shaped antenna, and although the knife-shaped antenna has vertical polarization characteristic and carries out omnidirectional radiation on a horizontal plane, the knife-shaped antenna is an exposed antenna, and the good aerodynamic performance of an airplane is damaged by the exposed structure. The size of the knife-shaped antenna is large in an ultrashort wave frequency band, the aerodynamics of the airplane is seriously damaged, although the size of the knife-shaped antenna can be reduced through a miniaturization technology to weaken the influence on the aerodynamic performance of the airplane, the degree of miniaturization is limited, the miniaturization is usually at the expense of the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and therefore the problem that the knife-shaped antenna cannot be conformal with a carrier is the biggest as an airborne antenna. Therefore, no omnidirectional airborne antenna which is completely conformal to the airplane and has the vertical polarization characteristic exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Currently, most of airborne omnidirectional antennas have horizontal polarization and omnidirectional radiation in a vertical plane, and antennas capable of realizing omnidirectional radiation in a horizontal plane are often independent from the outside of the airplane, so that the aerodynamics of the airplane is deteriorated. The invention provides a wing conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna which is attached to the surface of a wing, can be well conformal with an unmanned reconnaissance plane and works in an ultrashort wave microwave band.
Technical scheme
An ultrashort wave wing conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna is characterized by comprising a radiation patch, a resistor and inductor parallel loading element, a first exponential form metal sheet, a metal floor and a second exponential form metal sheet; the radiating patches are folded line type antennas which are symmetrical left and right, and are positioned on the upper surface of the wing; the first exponential-form metal sheet is positioned at the center of the radiation patch and connected with the feed coaxial cable; the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the wing; the index profile metal sheet is positioned at two ends of the radiation patch and connected with the metal floor; one end of a loading element with the parallel connection of the resistor and the inductor is welded on the radiation patch, and the other end of the loading element is welded on the second index profile metal sheet.
The first exponential-appearance metal sheet and the second exponential-appearance metal sheet are inverted triangular copper sheets.
The resistance of the loading element with the resistance and the inductance connected in parallel is 100 omega, and the inductance is 100 nH.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the traditional plane inverted-L antenna and plane inverted-F antenna, the ultra-short wave wing conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna provided by the invention has the advantages that the current distribution on the surface of the antenna is more balanced, the radiation generated by the horizontal current can be mutually offset to the maximum extent, the cross polarization of the antenna is greatly weakened, and the energy loss is reduced. The antenna has the advantages that the extremely low section height is only 45mm, the electrical size is 0.015 lambda, and meanwhile, the antenna can be well conformal to wings due to the fact that the surface of the antenna is attached with copper foil, so that aerodynamic performance of the airplane is fully protected. The antenna structure and the performance fill up a large gap in the field of the current airborne conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, and the antenna is easy to realize polarization matching in the signal receiving and transmitting process by considering that the ground signal station transmitting and receiving antenna mostly adopts the vertical polarization working form.
The antenna realizes good matching in an ultra-short wave microwave ultra-wide frequency band of 100MHz-600MHz, the voltage standing wave ratio in a full frequency band is less than 2.5, the omnidirectional radiation of a horizontal plane is realized in a vertical polarization working mode, the antenna also realizes complete conformity with wings, the height of the section of the antenna is 45mm (0.015 lambda), an aircraft appearance structure is not additionally added, and the original aerodynamic performance of the aircraft is protected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional modeling diagram of an ultrashort wave wing conformal vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1-radiation patch; 2-rectangular slotting; 3-a resistor and inductor parallel loading element; 4-a first exponential form sheet metal; 5-metal floor; 6-second index profile metal sheet.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the horizontal radiating arm of the antenna with staggered slots on the left and the right.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an index profile metal sheet of a short-circuit ground structure.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the actually measured vswr of the antenna in the specific example in the frequency band of 100MHz-600 MHz.
FIG. 5 shows the gain patterns of the antenna in the specific example in the horizontal plane at 100MHz, 245MHz and 600 MHz: (a) a horizontal gain pattern at 100 MHz; (b) a 245MHz horizontal gain pattern; (c) the horizontal gain pattern at 600 MHz.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the invention combines the loading technology in the antenna field with the broadband technology to be applied to a monopole antenna, obtains a novel double-layer patch structure antenna, namely an ultra-short wave wing conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, and provides the following technical scheme: the planar monopole antenna with the bottom gradient structure is used as a prototype antenna, the planar monopole antenna is folded by 90 degrees to reduce the height of the antenna, the vertical polarization of the planar monopole antenna is kept, and the working form of omnidirectional radiation on a horizontal plane is kept, a short-circuit grounding sheet structure is added at the tail end of the folded radiating sheet, namely, inductive components are added to enable the antenna to better realize impedance matching, another antenna arm with completely symmetrical positions is added in the opposite direction of the folded antenna arm, the surface current distribution of the antenna can be more balanced through the horizontally symmetrical antenna structure, radiation generated by horizontal current can be mutually offset to the maximum extent, the cross polarization of the antenna is greatly weakened, and energy loss is reduced. And a 100 omega patch resistor is loaded at the positions of two sides of the antenna close to the short circuit ground to improve the impedance matching condition of the antenna in the whole working frequency band so as to realize the ultra-wideband impedance matching of the antenna. The radiating arms on the two sides are symmetrically staggered left and right to form slots to extend a current path, which is equivalent to increasing the effective length of the antenna and improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna as much as possible. The designed antenna pattern is engraved on a copper foil with good conductivity and a thickness of 0.3mm, the copper foil is attached to the upper surface of a wing, the lower surface of the wing is fully attached with the copper foil, fine slits are formed in the positions, corresponding to the positions, on the wing, of the grounding positions at two sides of the antenna and the position, corresponding to the center feed position, of the center feed position, three inverted-triangular thin copper sheets with the same size and with an exponential curve profile are connected through soldering tin, the upper ends of the inverted-triangular thin copper sheets at the two sides are connected with the lower end of an antenna radiation arm in a grounding mode, and the upper end of the middle inverted-triangular.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention comprises a radiation patch 1, a resistor and inductor parallel loading element 3, a first exponential-profile metal sheet 4, a metal floor 5 and a second exponential-profile metal sheet 6; the radiating patch 1 is a zigzag antenna which is symmetrical left and right, the radiating patch 1 is positioned on the upper surface of the wing, and rectangular slots 2 are arranged on the radiating patch 1 in a staggered mode at equal intervals; the first exponential form metal sheet 4 is positioned at the center of the radiation patch 1 and is connected with a feed coaxial cable; the metal floor 5 is positioned on the lower surface of the wing; the index outline metal sheets 6 are positioned at the two ends of the radiation patch 1 and connected with the metal floor 5; one end of the loading resistor 3 is welded on the radiation patch 1, and the other end is welded on the second index profile metal sheet 6 for improving impedance matching.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the present invention is formed by a metal sheet structure with a specific slot and a specific shape, the slot in the present invention is a slot with equal spacing in bilateral symmetry, the principle of the slot is to open as many slots as possible in an available space, and the radiation patch should be a fold line type with uniform width after the slot is opened, so that the stability of a far-field radiation pattern can be ensured, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved.
Fig. 3 shows the outline structure of the index-profile metal sheet of the short-circuit ground structure. The exponential shape of the metal sheet profile is a gradual change structure, and the gradual change trend is constrained by a mathematical function equation. The metal sheet with the index appearance is used as the short circuit grounding structure, so that better impedance matching can be obtained in the whole working frequency band, the feed efficiency of the input end of the antenna can be improved, and the total efficiency of the antenna can be improved.
The invention adopts high-frequency simulation software using a finite difference time domain calculation method to carry out simulation calculation and actual measurement. Fig. 4 to 5 show the voltage standing wave ratio characteristic and the radiation characteristic of the antenna under the measured environment. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the measured voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is substantially consistent with the simulation result, the antenna has at least six working bandwidths with frequency multiplication, and the voltage standing wave ratio in the frequency band of 100MHz-600MHz is less than 2.5. As can be seen from fig. 4, the horizontal plane pattern shows omnidirectional radiation pattern in the whole operating frequency band, no matter low frequency, medium frequency or high frequency, and as the frequency increases, the gain and the radiation efficiency also increase together.
Claims (3)
1. An ultra-short wave wing conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna is characterized by comprising a radiation patch (1), a resistor and inductor parallel loading element (3), a first index profile metal sheet (4), a metal floor (5) and a second index profile metal sheet (6); the radiating patch (1) is a zigzag antenna which is symmetrical left and right, and the radiating patch (1) is positioned on the upper surface of the wing; the first exponential-form metal sheet (4) is positioned at the center of the radiation patch (1) and is connected with a feed coaxial cable; the metal floor (5) is positioned on the lower surface of the wing; the index outline metal sheets (6) are positioned at two ends of the radiation patch (1) and are connected with the metal floor (5); one end of the resistor and inductor parallel loading element (3) is welded on the radiation patch (1), and the other end is welded on the second index profile metal sheet (6).
2. The ultrashort wave wing conformal vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first exponential-profile metal sheet (4) and the second exponential-profile metal sheet (6) are inverted triangular copper sheets (2).
3. The ultrashort wave wing conformal vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the resistance of the resistive and inductive parallel loading element (3) is 100 Ω and the inductance is 100 nH.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010772367.0A CN111883908B (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna of ultrashort wave wing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010772367.0A CN111883908B (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Conformal vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna of ultrashort wave wing |
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| CN111883908A true CN111883908A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN111883908B CN111883908B (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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2020
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| JP2012239122A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-12-06 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Collinear antenna |
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| CN210866472U (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-06-26 | 西安安坦纳微波科技有限公司 | Embedded flat omnidirectional antenna with airborne vertical tail structure |
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| CN111883908B (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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