CN111883897A - Compact high-directivity directional coupler - Google Patents
Compact high-directivity directional coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN111883897A CN111883897A CN202010805738.0A CN202010805738A CN111883897A CN 111883897 A CN111883897 A CN 111883897A CN 202010805738 A CN202010805738 A CN 202010805738A CN 111883897 A CN111883897 A CN 111883897A
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- transmission line
- directional coupler
- coupling
- main transmission
- compact high
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact high-directivity directional coupler which comprises a main transmission line and at least one auxiliary transmission line, wherein the axis of the main transmission line is along the Z direction. The secondary transmission line includes a port, at least two coupled sections and another port. At least two coupling holes which are communicated with at least one coupling section in the main transmission line and the auxiliary transmission line are arranged between the main transmission line and any one of the auxiliary transmission lines. The invention introduces a certain form of discontinuity in the auxiliary transmission line near the coupling hole, which can obviously improve the directivity of the directional coupler and expand the working bandwidth of the directional coupler. The device has the characteristics of compact structure, high directivity, wide working bandwidth, low insertion loss and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of ultra-wideband communication, microwave measurement and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel directional coupler. And more particularly, to a compact high directivity directional coupler realized by changing the cross-sectional shape or size of a sub-transmission line of a coupling region.
Background
In order to monitor the microwave power in a certain direction, a directional coupler is required. A conventional directional coupler is composed of two uniform transmission lines and a coupling structure connecting the two. The crossed rectangular waveguide directional coupler has the advantages of simple structure, high power capacity, small size and low insertion loss in the main waveguide, but the relative working bandwidth is narrow, generally about 15%, and the directivity is poor, and is about 18 dB. The multi-aperture directional coupler can provide a wider operating bandwidth and better directivity, but its length is large and insertion loss in the main transmission line is high. After entering the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, the manufacturing cost of the porous directional coupler is high, and the insertion loss thereof may rise to an intolerable degree.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compact high-directivity directional coupler. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a compact high-directivity directional coupler includes a main transmission line and at least one auxiliary transmission line with an axis along the Z direction. The auxiliary transmission line can be arranged on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the main transmission line and is positioned in the X direction, or the Y direction, or the-X direction, or the-Y direction of the main transmission line. The secondary transmission line includes a port, at least two coupled sections and another port. At least two coupling holes communicating the main transmission line and the auxiliary transmission line are provided between the main transmission line and the auxiliary transmission line. For the cross directional coupler, the auxiliary transmission lines are arranged perpendicular to the main transmission line, and each auxiliary transmission line is coupled with the main transmission line through two coupling holes. For the multi-hole directional coupler, the auxiliary transmission lines are arranged in parallel with the main transmission line, and more than three or even dozens of coupling holes are arranged between each auxiliary transmission line and the main transmission line.
In order to significantly improve the directivity of the directional coupler without increasing the number of coupling holes, a discontinuous microwave structure is introduced in the secondary transmission line of the coupling region near the coupling holes, unlike the conventional directional coupler in which uniform main and secondary transmission lines are used. In a preferred design, this discontinuity is provided by a transmission line segment that varies along the cross-sectional dimension of the secondary transmission line: at least one pair of transmission lines has two cross-sectional dimensions of two coupling sections which differ by more than 1% in at least one direction within the cross-section. Such as rectangular waveguide segments and ridge waveguide segments of different widths or/and heights. In another preferred design, the discontinuity is provided by coupling segments of different cross-sectional shapes along the secondary transmission line. Such as a rectangular waveguide segment, a single-stage rectangular waveguide segment, or a double-ridged rectangular waveguide segment, respectively. Such discontinuity may also be provided by loading the coupling region of the secondary transmission line with a metal body, a dielectric block or by providing a recess therein.
The compact high directivity directional coupler may be configured as a cross directional coupler: the coupling section of each auxiliary transmission line is communicated along the X direction.
The compact high directivity directional coupler may be configured as a multi-aperture directional coupler: including one or more secondary transmission lines. The coupling sections in each secondary transmission line are communicated along the Z direction.
The position between the secondary transmission line and the main transmission line can also be flexibly set. In the vicinity of the coupling region, the included angle between the axes thereof may take any value between 0 and 180 degrees. Furthermore, the axes of the mutually communicating coupling sections may also be at an angle in the vicinity of the coupling zone.
In a preferred design, the main transmission line is a rectangular waveguide, and the compact high-directivity directional coupler is a rectangular waveguide directional coupler, which may be a cross waveguide directional coupler or a porous rectangular waveguide directional coupler.
In order to obtain the ultra-wideband directional coupler, the compact high-directivity directional coupler is a double-ridge rectangular waveguide directional coupler, and can be a cross double-ridge waveguide directional coupler or a porous double-ridge waveguide directional coupler. At this time, two metal ridges are arranged in the main transmission line, and the main transmission line is a double-ridge rectangular waveguide.
According to different applications, the main transmission line can also be a four-ridge rectangular waveguide, a four-ridge elliptical waveguide, a four-ridge circular waveguide, a single-ridge rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide or a square waveguide.
In a preferred design, the coupling section is a rectangular waveguide. A metal boss may also be provided in the coupling section. The metal boss is connected with the inner wall of the coupling section only in the direction far away from the main transmission line, and the coupling section is a single-ridge rectangular waveguide. Two metal bosses can be arranged in the coupling section and are respectively connected with the inner wall of the coupling section in the direction far away from the main transmission line and the direction close to the main transmission line, and the coupling section is a double-ridge rectangular waveguide.
We can also place similar discontinuities in the main transmission line to further improve the performance of the directional coupler. However, the power in the main transmission line can be high and any form of discontinuity can lead to increased insertion loss, reduced power capability and degraded matching. In contrast, since the power transmitted in the secondary transmission line is one or even several orders of magnitude less than the power transmitted in the primary transmission line, the discontinuities herein have little effect on the insertion loss, power capacity, and matching of the primary transmission line of the directional coupler. Therefore, in the present invention, all discontinuities are provided in the secondary transmission line. There is no other discontinuity in the main transmission line other than the small discontinuity caused by the coupling aperture in the main transmission line.
According to the invention, by introducing the size change or the shape change of the cross section in the auxiliary transmission line, or loading a metal body, a dielectric body or arranging a groove, the directivity of the directional coupler can be obviously improved and the working bandwidth of the directional coupler can be obviously widened under the condition of not increasing the number of the coupling structures and the overall size of the directional coupler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the invention and examples 1 and 2
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of example 3
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along AA of FIGS. 1 and 2
FIG. 4 is another cross-sectional view along AA of FIG. 1
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of embodiment example 4.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view along AA of fig. 5.
The reference numbers in the drawings correspond to the names: 1-main transmission line, 11-metal ridge, 21-port, 22-coupling section, 23-metal boss and 3-coupling hole.
Detailed Description
Examples 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 3.
A compact high directivity directional coupler comprises a main transmission line 1 and an auxiliary transmission line, the axes of which are along the Z direction. The secondary transmission line is arranged above the primary transmission line 1. The auxiliary transmission line comprises one port 21, 3 coupling sections 22 and another port 21 which are communicated in sequence. Two coupling holes 3 for communicating the main transmission line 1 and the auxiliary transmission line are arranged between the main transmission line 1 and the auxiliary transmission line. The two coupling holes 3 are respectively communicated with the first coupling section 22 and the third coupling section 22.
The dimension of the cross section of the first coupling section 22 and the second coupling section 22 along the X direction in the Y direction in the auxiliary transmission line is different by more than 11%.
The compact high-directivity directional coupler is a cross directional coupler: the two ports 21 in the secondary transmission line communicate with all the coupled sections 22 of the secondary transmission line in the X direction.
The compact high-directivity directional coupler is a cross double-ridge rectangular waveguide directional coupler. Two metal ridges 11 are arranged in the main transmission line 1, and the main transmission line 1 is a double-ridge rectangular waveguide.
A metal boss 23 is arranged in each coupling section 22, and all coupling sections 22 are single-ridge rectangular waveguides. The metal bosses 23 are connected to the inner wall of the coupling section 22 only in the direction (Y direction) away from the main transmission line 1.
EXAMPLES example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 4
Compared with the embodiment 1, the difference is only that two auxiliary transmission lines are respectively arranged above and below the main transmission line 1 to form the bidirectional cross double-ridge rectangular waveguide directional coupler.
EXAMPLE 3
As shown in fig. 2 and 3
Compared with embodiment 1, the difference is only that two sub-transmission lines are arranged along the Z direction to constitute another bidirectional directional coupler. Two coupling holes 3 are provided between the main transmission line 1 and each of the sub transmission lines. Compared with the embodiment 2, the two auxiliary transmission lines are distributed along the Z direction, and a common coupling region is not arranged between the two auxiliary transmission lines, so that the high-directivity bidirectional cross double-ridge rectangular waveguide directional coupler is easier to realize.
EXAMPLE 4
As shown in fig. 5 and 6
A compact high-directivity directional coupler comprises a main transmission line 1 and two auxiliary transmission lines, wherein the axis of the main transmission line is along the Z direction. The two auxiliary transmission lines are respectively arranged in the left and right directions of the main transmission line 1. Each of the secondary transmission lines includes a port 21, 3 coupling segments 22 and another port 21 which are communicated in sequence. Four coupling holes 3 for communicating the main transmission line 1 and any one of the auxiliary transmission lines are arranged between the main transmission line 1 and any one of the auxiliary transmission lines.
Two cross-sectional dimensions of two coupling segments 22 in each sub-transmission line, which are perpendicular to the normal direction of one port 21 of the sub-transmission line, have a difference of more than 11% in the X direction within the cross-section.
The compact high-directivity directional coupler is configured as a multi-aperture directional coupler: two sub-transmission lines are included, and two ports 21 in each sub-transmission line communicate with all the coupling sections 22 of the sub-transmission line in the Z direction.
The main transmission line 1 is a four-ridge rectangular waveguide.
The coupling section 22 is a single-ridge rectangular waveguide. A metal boss 23 is arranged in the X direction or the-X direction in each coupling section 22, and all the metal bosses 23 are connected with the inner wall of the coupling section 22 in the direction far away from the main transmission line 1.
Four examples of the practice of the invention are given above. The actual implementation is far more extensive than listed here. In principle, any form of discontinuity introduced in the secondary transmission line near the coupling structure to improve the directivity of the directional coupler or broaden the operating bandwidth is within the scope of the present invention. The compact high-directivity directional coupler is generally processed by a numerical control milling machine, and can also be produced in a large batch at low cost by adopting a die sinking casting mode. To facilitate the implementation of the compact high directivity directional coupler, the inner corners of some parts need to be chamfered. Such rounding must be incorporated into the modeling calculations for the device. The specific design of each implementation mode needs to be calculated according to the microwave transmission line theory, the mode matching theory and the like, and the general three-dimensional commercial software can be used for modeling and calculation. The device has the characteristics of compact structure, high directivity, wide working bandwidth, low insertion loss and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of ultra-wideband communication, microwave measurement and the like.
Claims (10)
1. A compact high-directivity directional coupler is characterized by comprising a main transmission line (1) with an axis along the Z direction and at least one auxiliary transmission line positioned in the X direction, or the Y direction, or the-X direction, or the-Y direction of the main transmission line (1); the secondary transmission line comprises a port (21), at least two coupling sections (22) and another port (21); at least two coupling holes (3) which are communicated with the main transmission line (1) and the auxiliary transmission line are arranged between the main transmission line (1) and the auxiliary transmission line; the coupling sections (22) in the auxiliary transmission line are communicated in sequence; a first one of the coupling sections (22) along the secondary transmission line communicates with one of the coupling holes (3), and a last one of the coupling sections (22) communicates with the other coupling hole (3); -at least one discontinuous microwave structure is present in all of the coupled sections (22) in the secondary transmission line; the X, Y and Z directions form a rectangular coordinate system.
2. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional dimensions of at least two coupling sections (22) in said secondary transmission line differ by more than 1% in at least one direction within said cross-section.
3. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, at least two coupling sections (22) of said secondary transmission line having different cross-sectional shapes.
4. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, at least one of said coupling sections (22) being in the shape of a cylinder with its axis in the X direction.
5. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, at least one of said coupling sections (22) being in the shape of a cylinder with its axis in the Z-direction.
6. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, the main transmission line (1) being a rectangular waveguide.
7. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, the main transmission line (1) having two metal ridges (11) arranged therein; the main transmission line (1) is a double-ridge rectangular waveguide.
8. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, the main transmission line (1) being a four-ridge rectangular waveguide, or a four-ridge elliptical waveguide, or a four-ridge circular waveguide, or a single-ridge rectangular waveguide, or a circular waveguide, or a square waveguide.
9. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, at least one of said coupling sections (22) being a rectangular waveguide section, or a metal boss (23) being provided in at least one of said coupling sections (22), said metal boss (23) being connected to the inner wall of the coupling section (22) in which it is located only in a direction away from the main transmission line (1), said coupling section (22) being a single-ridged rectangular waveguide section.
10. A compact high directivity directional coupler according to claim 1, two metal bosses (23) being provided in at least one of said coupling sections (22), one of said metal bosses (23) being connected to the inner wall of the coupling section (22) in a direction away from the main transmission line (1) only, the other of said metal bosses (23) being connected to the inner wall of the coupling section (22) in a direction close to the main transmission line (1) only, said coupling section (22) being a double-ridged rectangular waveguide section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010805738.0A CN111883897A (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2020-08-12 | Compact high-directivity directional coupler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010805738.0A CN111883897A (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2020-08-12 | Compact high-directivity directional coupler |
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| CN111883897A true CN111883897A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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| CN202010805738.0A Pending CN111883897A (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2020-08-12 | Compact high-directivity directional coupler |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114639934A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-17 | 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 | Terahertz branch waveguide directional coupler |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204481106U (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-07-15 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | By-pass section change width directional couple device |
| CN107039726A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-11 | 成都赛纳为特科技有限公司 | Ridge seam waveguide with ridge hole |
| CN107086343A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-22 | 成都赛纳为特科技有限公司 | A kind of ridge transmission line coupling structure |
-
2020
- 2020-08-12 CN CN202010805738.0A patent/CN111883897A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204481106U (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-07-15 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | By-pass section change width directional couple device |
| CN107039726A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-11 | 成都赛纳为特科技有限公司 | Ridge seam waveguide with ridge hole |
| CN107086343A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-22 | 成都赛纳为特科技有限公司 | A kind of ridge transmission line coupling structure |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114639934A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-06-17 | 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 | Terahertz branch waveguide directional coupler |
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Application publication date: 20201103 |