CN111881523B - Correction method for rolling bearing temperature analysis related empirical formula - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for correcting a rolling bearing temperature analysis related empirical formula, which comprises the following specific steps of: determining basic parameters of rolling bearing temperature analysis; selecting a transient evaluation index; calculating the heat generation quantity of the rolling bearing and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant under the corresponding working condition of the temperature rise experiment based on an empirical formula; analyzing the transient temperature distribution of the rolling bearing by adopting a finite element method; comparing transient evaluation indexes of temperature curves of the rolling bearing obtained by a temperature rise experiment and a finite element method, and calculating a difference value; and checking by using results of the rapid acceleration experiment and the durability experiment, and calculating a final equivalent coefficient. The method accurately corrects the related empirical formula of the rolling bearing temperature analysis, and realizes the accurate calculation of the rolling bearing temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrical and mechanical engineering, in particular to a method for correcting a rolling bearing temperature analysis related empirical formula.
Background
The rolling bearing is an important component of a traction motor or a gear box by connecting a rotating component and a static component in the operation process of equipment, the thermal stability characteristic of the rolling bearing determines the safety performance of mechanical equipment and the whole system, and the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing is essential during mechanical design.
The temperature analysis method of the rolling bearing can be divided into a finite element analysis method, a node network method and a computational fluid dynamics method, wherein the most key step is the calculation of the heat generation quantity of the rolling bearing and the convective heat transfer coefficient of a lubricant. The related empirical formula is mostly derived based on a geometric model or experimental data, the rolling bearing model is simplified into a standard geometric body with a fixed shape and a fixed volume, the standard geometric body is obtained by adopting a mathematical method, the rolling bearing model can be used as approximate calculation, and the method is applied to occasions with low precision and has certain theoretical value and reference significance. However, considering the complexity of the working conditions of the rolling bearing, for some specific mechanical equipment, the bearing temperature is influenced by various factors such as frictional heat generation, spin heat generation, grease cooling and the like, the empirical formula after approximation or simplification is rough and cannot be completely used as the basis for calculating the heat generation and convection heat transfer coefficients, and the temperature distribution of the rolling bearing analyzed based on the empirical formula has a larger difference compared with the experimental situation.
At present, the relevant patents for rolling bearings can be divided into the following categories: 1. bearing temperature monitoring elements, devices or systems (see chinese patent No. 201910224495.9); 2. a new type of rolling bearing and bearing assembly (see chinese patent No. 201711285308.5); 3. a method for producing a bearing material (refer to chinese patent No. 201610679121.2); none of the above patents mention the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing.
Because the empirical formulas related to the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing have a large influence on the temperature distribution result, it is necessary to correspondingly improve the empirical formulas and design a reasonable and accurate correction method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for correcting a rolling bearing temperature analysis related empirical formula, and the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problems of low calculation precision and poor adaptability of a relevant empirical formula of rolling bearing temperature analysis are solved, the calculation of the heat generation quantity of the rolling bearing and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant is more accurately served, and the accuracy of rolling bearing temperature analysis is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a correction method of an empirical formula related to rolling bearing temperature analysis comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining basic parameters required by the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing according to a related empirical formula of the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing to be corrected;
and 2, step: extracting an experiment temperature curve of a rolling bearing temperature rise experiment, and selecting an experiment transient evaluation index according to the curve change;
and step 3: calculating the heat generation quantity and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant of the rolling bearing under different working conditions of the temperature rise experiment according to the relevant empirical formula of the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing by referring to the basic parameters in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: establishing a three-dimensional temperature field solving model of the rolling bearing and the bearing seat, applying load and boundary conditions according to the generated heat of the rolling bearing and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant obtained in the step 3, and analyzing the transient temperature field of the rolling bearing by adopting a finite element method;
and 5: extracting a simulation transient evaluation index of the simulation temperature curve obtained by the finite element method, comparing the experiment transient evaluation index with the simulation transient evaluation index, calculating the difference value of each index, if the difference value meets the given precision requirement, continuing the next step of calculation, otherwise, introducing an equivalent coefficient, multiplying the equivalent coefficient by an experience formula related to the rolling bearing temperature analysis to serve as a new experience formula, calculating the heat generation quantity and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant of the rolling bearing, and returning to the step 4 to perform the finite element transient temperature analysis again;
and 6: and checking by using results of the rapid acceleration experiment and the durability experiment, determining a final equivalent coefficient, and multiplying the final equivalent coefficient by the empirical formula to obtain a corrected empirical formula.
Preferably, in step 1, the empirical formula related to the rolling bearing temperature analysis includes: an empirical formula of the heat generation quantity of the rolling bearing and an empirical formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant are obtained; the basic parameters required by the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing comprise: bearing and bearing seat size, bearing and bearing seat material, lubricant performance parameters.
Preferably, in step 2, the experimental temperature profile of the temperature rise experiment includes: the experimental temperature curve of the outer surface 02 of the outer ring of the rolling bearing and the experimental temperature curve of the inner surface 01 of the inner ring of the rolling bearing; the transient evaluation index includes: transient stability time, inner ring inner surface 01 temperature stability value and outer ring outer surface 02 temperature stability value.
Preferably, in step 3, the operating conditions include: the rotating speed, the applied radial load and the axial load condition of the rolling bearing at different time periods.
Preferably, in step 5, the simulated temperature curve obtained by the finite element method includes: the simulation temperature curve of the outer surface 02 of the outer ring of the rolling bearing and the simulation temperature curve of the inner surface 01 of the inner ring of the rolling bearing.
Preferably, in step 5, the equivalent coefficients include: the equivalent coefficient of heat generation and the equivalent coefficient of convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant; the value of the equivalent coefficient is determined according to the ratio of the simulation transient evaluation index to the experiment transient evaluation index, when the temperature stability value of the inner surface 01 of the inner ring and the temperature stability value of the outer surface 02 of the outer ring in the simulation transient evaluation index are greater than corresponding items in the experiment transient evaluation index, the heat generation equivalent coefficient takes a value smaller than 1, otherwise, the heat generation equivalent coefficient takes a value greater than 1; when the transient stability time in the simulation transient evaluation index is larger than the corresponding item in the experiment transient evaluation index, the equivalent coefficient of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant takes a value larger than 1, otherwise, the equivalent coefficient takes a value smaller than 1.
Preferably, in step 6, the checking method adopts a finite element method or a node thermal network method.
Preferably, when the corresponding equivalent coefficients under different working conditions of the temperature rise experiment are different, extracting the transient temperature of each working condition, calculating the corresponding equivalent coefficient, making a working condition-equivalent coefficient curve, fitting the curve to an equivalent coefficient formula according to a polynomial curve fitting method, and multiplying the equivalent coefficient formula by an empirical formula related to rolling bearing temperature analysis to obtain a corrected empirical formula.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method for correcting the rolling bearing temperature analysis related empirical formula is provided, the equivalent coefficient is determined by combining the rolling bearing experimental result on the basis of the existing mathematical formula, the related empirical formula is corrected, the accuracy of theoretical calculation is improved, and the method has important significance for correctly analyzing the rolling bearing temperature distribution.
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The invention has the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for correcting an empirical formula associated with a rolling bearing temperature analysis according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner ring surface and an outer ring surface of a rolling bearing, wherein the marks in fig. 2 are described as follows: 01-inner ring inner surface, 02-outer ring outer surface;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of equivalent coefficient formula fitting.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for correcting an empirical formula related to rolling bearing analysis, which takes a 6311 type ball bearing in a traction motor of a high-speed motor train unit as an example, an empirical formula for heat generation adopts an approximate formula derived by a Palmgren method, an empirical formula for convective heat transfer coefficient of a lubricant adopts an approximate formula proposed by Harris, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
step 1: determining basic parameters required by the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing according to a related empirical formula of the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing to be corrected, wherein the basic parameters comprise the sizes of the bearing and a bearing seat, the materials of the bearing and the bearing seat and performance parameters of a lubricant; wherein the approximate formula of the heat generation quantity of the rolling bearing derived by the Palmgren method is
H＝πMn/30×10 -3
In the formula, H is the heat generation quantity between the rolling body and the inner ring and between the rolling body and the outer ring; n is the rotating speed of the rolling bearing; m is the friction torque of the rolling bearing. Harris proposed approximate formula of convective heat transfer coefficient of lubricant
Wherein k is the thermal conductivity of the lubricant; p r Is the prandtl number of the lubricant; v. of 0 Is the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant; u. of s Taking the surface speed of the bearing retainer; and x is the pitch circle diameter of the rolling bearing.
And 2, step: extracting an experiment temperature curve of a rolling bearing temperature rise experiment, and selecting an experiment transient evaluation index according to curve change, wherein the transient evaluation index comprises: transient stability time, a temperature stability value of the inner surface 01 of the inner ring and a temperature stability value of the outer surface 02 of the outer ring;
and step 3: calculating the heat generation amount and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant under different rotating speeds and loads corresponding to the temperature rise experiment according to an empirical formula of the heat generation amount of the rolling bearing and an empirical formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant according to the basic parameters in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: establishing a three-dimensional temperature field solving model of the rolling bearing and the bearing seat, and analyzing transient temperature distribution of the rolling bearing by adopting a finite element method according to the load and boundary conditions applied by the heat generation quantity of the rolling bearing and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant obtained in the step 3;
and 5: establishing simulation temperature curves of the outer surface 02 of the outer ring and the inner surface 01 of the inner ring of the rolling bearing obtained by the finite element method, extracting simulation transient evaluation indexes, comparing the experiment transient evaluation indexes with the simulation transient evaluation indexes, calculating the difference value of each index, continuing to calculate the next step if the difference value meets the given precision requirement, otherwise introducing an equivalent coefficient, multiplying the equivalent coefficient by an empirical formula related to the rolling bearing temperature analysis to serve as a new empirical formula, calculating the heat generation quantity and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant of the rolling bearing, and returning to the step 4 to perform finite element transient temperature analysis again;
and 6: benefit toChecking by using results of a rapid acceleration experiment and a durability experiment to determine a final equivalent coefficient, wherein the equivalent coefficient comprises: equivalent coefficient n of convective heat transfer coefficient of lubricant o/i And heat generation equivalent coefficient n g ，n o/i Is 0.363; heat generation equivalent coefficient n g Obtained by a polynomial curve fitting method, and the expression is
n g ＝-2×10 -12 n 3 +3×10 -8 n 2 +10 -4 n+0.3695
The corrected heat generation amount of the rolling bearing is empirically formulated as
H new ＝n g ×πMn/30×10 -3
＝(-2×10 -12 n 3 +3×10 -8 n 2 +10 -4 n+0.3695)×πMn/30×10 -3
The corrected convective heat transfer coefficient empirical formula of the lubricant is
According to the technical scheme, the rolling bearing temperature analysis related empirical formula correction method provided by the embodiment is combined with temperature data of a temperature rise experiment under different working conditions, the temperature analysis related empirical formula is accurately corrected, the effectiveness of the method is checked through results of a rapid acceleration experiment and a durability experiment, and the corrected empirical formula can be directly used for transient temperature analysis of a traction motor ball bearing of a high-speed motor train unit.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (8)
1. A correction method for a rolling bearing temperature analysis related empirical formula is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining basic parameters required by the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing according to a related empirical formula of the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing to be corrected;
step 2: extracting an experimental temperature curve of a rolling bearing temperature rise experiment, and selecting an experimental transient evaluation index according to the curve change;
and 3, step 3: calculating the heat generation quantity and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant of the rolling bearing under different working conditions of the temperature rise experiment according to the relevant empirical formula of the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing by referring to the basic parameters in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: establishing a three-dimensional temperature field solving model of the rolling bearing and the bearing seat, and analyzing the transient temperature field of the rolling bearing by adopting a finite element method according to the generated heat of the rolling bearing and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant, which are obtained in the step (3), applied load and boundary conditions;
and 5: extracting a simulation transient evaluation index of the simulation temperature curve obtained by the finite element method, comparing the experiment transient evaluation index with the simulation transient evaluation index, calculating the difference value of each index, if the difference value meets the given precision requirement, continuing the next step of calculation, otherwise, introducing an equivalent coefficient, multiplying the equivalent coefficient by an experience formula related to the rolling bearing temperature analysis to serve as a new experience formula, calculating the heat generation quantity and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant of the rolling bearing, and returning to the step 4 to perform the finite element transient temperature analysis again;
step 6: and checking by using results of the rapid acceleration experiment and the durability experiment, determining a final equivalent coefficient, and multiplying the final equivalent coefficient by an empirical formula related to rolling bearing temperature analysis to obtain a corrected empirical formula.
2. The method for correcting the empirical formula related to the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the empirical formula related to the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing comprises: an empirical formula of the heat generation quantity of the rolling bearing and an empirical formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant are obtained; the basic parameters required by the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing comprise: bearing and bearing seat size, bearing and bearing seat material, lubricant performance parameters.
3. The method for correcting an empirical formula related to temperature analysis of rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the experimental temperature profile of said temperature rise experiment comprises: an experimental temperature curve of the outer surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing and an experimental temperature curve of the inner surface of the inner ring of the rolling bearing; the transient evaluation index includes: transient stability time, inner ring inner surface temperature stability value and outer ring outer surface temperature stability value.
4. The method for correcting an empirical formula related to rolling bearing temperature analysis according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the operating conditions include: the rotating speed, the applied radial load and the axial load condition of the rolling bearing at different time periods.
5. The method for correcting an empirical formula related to the temperature analysis of a rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 5, the simulated temperature profile obtained by the finite element method comprises: the simulation temperature curve of the outer surface of the outer ring of the rolling bearing and the simulation temperature curve of the inner surface of the inner ring of the rolling bearing.
6. The method for correcting an empirical formula relating to temperature analysis of rolling bearings according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, said equivalence coefficients comprise: the equivalent coefficient of heat generation and the equivalent coefficient of convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant; the value of the equivalent coefficient depends on the ratio of the simulation transient evaluation index to the experiment transient evaluation index, when the temperature stability value of the inner surface of the inner ring and the temperature stability value of the outer surface of the outer ring in the simulation transient evaluation index are larger than the corresponding items in the experiment transient evaluation index, the heat generation equivalent coefficient takes a value smaller than 1, otherwise takes a value larger than 1; when the transient stability time in the simulation transient evaluation index is larger than the corresponding item in the experiment transient evaluation index, the equivalent coefficient of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the lubricant takes a value larger than 1, otherwise, the equivalent coefficient takes a value smaller than 1.
7. A method for correcting an empirical formula relating to temperature analysis of rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the checking method uses a finite element method or a node thermal network method.
8. The method for correcting the empirical formula related to the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein when the corresponding equivalent coefficients are different under different working conditions of the temperature rise experiment, the transient temperature of each working condition is extracted, the corresponding equivalent coefficient is calculated, a working condition-equivalent coefficient curve is made, the equivalent coefficient curve is fitted to the equivalent coefficient formula according to a polynomial curve fitting method, and the equivalent coefficient formula is multiplied by the empirical formula related to the temperature analysis of the rolling bearing to obtain the corrected empirical formula.
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| CN104200019A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 电子科技大学 | Method for simulating thermal characteristic numerical value of heavy numerical control floor type boring and milling machine |
| WO2018050015A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Temperature acquisition method and apparatus for target element, and method and apparatus for evaluating lifetime of bearing |
| CN110705147A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-17 | 北京工业大学 | Comprehensive theoretical modeling and analyzing method for thermal state characteristics of main shaft of numerical control machine tool |
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| CN104200019A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 电子科技大学 | Method for simulating thermal characteristic numerical value of heavy numerical control floor type boring and milling machine |
| WO2018050015A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Temperature acquisition method and apparatus for target element, and method and apparatus for evaluating lifetime of bearing |
| CN110705147A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-17 | 北京工业大学 | Comprehensive theoretical modeling and analyzing method for thermal state characteristics of main shaft of numerical control machine tool |
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