CN111879464A - Condenser air leakage exceeding detection method - Google Patents

Condenser air leakage exceeding detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111879464A
CN111879464A CN202010530025.8A CN202010530025A CN111879464A CN 111879464 A CN111879464 A CN 111879464A CN 202010530025 A CN202010530025 A CN 202010530025A CN 111879464 A CN111879464 A CN 111879464A
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condenser
coefficient
air leakage
steam
calculating
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熊敬超
魏言
彭锦
施璐
曾祺
陈浩然
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China City Environment Protection Engineering Ltd
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China City Environment Protection Engineering Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/099376 priority patent/WO2021249480A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/18Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of condenser safety detection, and particularly provides a condenser air leakage exceeding detection method, which comprises the following steps: listing a heat balance equation of the condenser according to the operating parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating an actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the heat balance equation0(ii) a Obtaining a water side cleaning coefficient K and an overall heat transfer coefficient K under a condenser cleaning state1Coefficient of inlet tube bundle arrangement CsCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sidea;=K0/K1(1),=CsCak (2), and calculating to obtain the actual non-condensing gas correction coefficient C of the condenser by combining the formulas (1) and (2)aWherein the water taking side cleaning coefficient k and the pipe bundle arrangement coefficient CsAre all constant values; theoretical value C of correction coefficient of non-condensable gas in reference designa0If C isa<Ca0Judging that the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, and if C is reacheda>Ca0And judging that the condenser has the air leakage condition. The method fully considers the influence factors of the condenser, and can quickly and accurately detect whether the air leakage amount of the condenser exceeds the standard or not.

Description

Condenser air leakage exceeding detection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of condenser safety detection, and particularly relates to a condenser air leakage exceeding detection method.
Background
At present, thermal power generation is mainly used in China, energy conservation and consumption reduction are the subjects of development of China, a condenser is used as the core of a cold end system, and heat transfer performance and pressure of the condenser are important factors influencing safe and economic operation of a unit. When the vacuum of the condenser is reduced by 1Kpa, the steam consumption of the unit is increased by 1.5-2.5%, and when the end difference is increased by 1 ℃ each time, the coal consumption is increased by 1.5-2.5%. In addition, when the unit load is unchanged, the steam turbine exhaust temperature is raised by the vacuum reduction of the condenser, the steam flow is increased, the axial thrust is increased, and the center of the bearing is deviated to cause unit vibration, so that the safe operation of the unit is influenced.
Factors of condenser vacuum include circulating water flow, inlet water temperature, unit load, pipe bundle pollution degree, poor condenser sealing, pipe bundle arrangement and the like, and main factors influencing condenser vacuum are that air leakage amount exceeds standard and pipe bundle water side scales in actual operation. When unclean cooling water flows through the tube bundle, scale will gradually form on the surface of the tube bundle, and the scale of the tube bundle will cause: the heat exchange thermal resistance of the water side of the condenser is increased, the heat transfer performance of the cooling pipe is weakened, and the overall heat transfer coefficient of the condenser is reduced; the flow cross section of the pipeline is reduced, the flow resistance is increased, the power of the circulating water pump is increased, and the service power of a machine set is increased; scaling degree is difficult to measure in the tube bank, and most power plants adopt modes such as rubber ball cleaning, high pressure water cleaning or chemical cleaning regularly to wash the condenser at present, and the cleaning performance is comparatively ideal. The condenser is in a vacuum state in the operation process, the low-pressure stages and corresponding regenerative systems, exhaust cylinders, auxiliary equipment and the like are not tightly sealed, so that non-condensed gas is easy to leak, the non-condensed gas can form an air film on the outer wall of the cooling pipe in the steam condensation process, the heat release of steam is hindered, and the heat exchange thermal resistance of the steam side is increased. Although the content of non-condensable gas is small, the method has important influence on the heat exchange performance of a steam side, and an effective detection method for whether the air leakage amount of a condenser exceeds the standard is still lacking at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the quality of air leakage of a condenser of an inter-cooling system in the prior art is difficult to detect.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for detecting the overproof air leakage of a condenser, which comprises the following steps:
listing a heat balance equation of the condenser according to the operating parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating an actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the heat balance equation0
Obtaining a water side cleaning coefficient K and an overall heat transfer coefficient K under a condenser cleaning state1Calculating to obtain an actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser according to a formula (1);
=K0/K1(1)
according to the actual operation condition of the condenser, the arrangement coefficient C of the lead-in tube bundlesCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sideaCalculating the actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser according to the formula (2);
=CsCak (2)
calculating to obtain the actual non-condensed gas correction coefficient C of the condenser by combining the formulas (1) and (2)aWherein the water taking side cleaning coefficient k and the pipe bundle arrangement coefficient CsAre all constant values;
theoretical value C of correction coefficient of non-condensable gas in reference designa0If C isa<Ca0Judging that the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, and if C is reacheda>Ca0And judging that the condenser has the air leakage condition.
Preferably, the air leakage rate R ═ (C) is defineda-Ca0)/Ca0And quantitatively judging the serious condition of the air leakage of the condenser, wherein the air leakage severity is in direct proportion to the air leakage rate R.
Preferably, the value range of the water side cleaning coefficient k is 0.95-1.
Preferably, the tube bundle arrangement coefficient CsThe method is determined according to a specific arrangement mode of the condenser tube bundle.
Preferably, under the condition of neglecting heat exchange between the condenser and the outside, a heat balance equation of the condenser is listed according to operation parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and the actual heat transfer coefficient K is calculated by the heat balance equation0
Preferably, the heat balance equation is listed according to parameters of heat load of the condenser, steam exhaust quantity of the turbine, specific enthalpy of steam exhaust of the turbine, specific enthalpy of condensed water, cooling water flow, specific heat capacity of cooling water, water temperature of an inlet and an outlet of the cooling water and heat exchange area of the condenser.
Preferably, the general Coleman formula is adopted to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient K under the cleaning state of the condenser1
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for detecting the overproof air leakage of a condenser, which comprises the following steps: listing a heat balance equation of the condenser according to the operating parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating an actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the heat balance equation0(ii) a Obtaining a water side cleaning coefficient K and an overall heat transfer coefficient K under a condenser cleaning state1Coefficient of inlet tube bundle arrangement CsCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sidea;=K0/K1(1),=CsCak (2), and calculating to obtain the actual non-condensing gas correction coefficient C of the condenser by combining the formulas (1) and (2)aWherein the water taking side cleaning coefficient k and the pipe bundle arrangement coefficient CsAre all constant values; theoretical value C of correction coefficient of non-condensable gas in reference designa0If C isa<Ca0Judging that the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, and if C is reacheda>Ca0And judging that the condenser has the air leakage condition. The method fully considers the influence factors of the condenser, and can quickly and accurately detect whether the air leakage amount of the condenser exceeds the standard and the exceeding degree.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a condenser air leakage exceeding detection method.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting excessive air leakage of a condenser, which comprises the following steps of:
listing a heat balance equation of the condenser according to the operating parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating an actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the heat balance equation0
Obtaining a water side cleaning coefficient K and an overall heat transfer coefficient K under a condenser cleaning state1Calculating to obtain an actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser according to a formula (1);
=K0/K1(1)
according to the actual operation condition of the condenser, the arrangement coefficient C of the lead-in tube bundlesCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sideaCalculating the actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser according to the formula (2);
=CsCak (2)
calculating to obtain the actual non-condensed gas correction coefficient C of the condenser by combining the formulas (1) and (2)aWherein the water taking side cleaning coefficient k and the pipe bundle arrangement coefficient CsAre all constant values;
theoretical value C of correction coefficient of non-condensable gas in reference designa0If C isa<Ca0Judging that the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, and if C is reacheda>Ca0And judging that the condenser has the air leakage condition.
The condenser is a fixed plate shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and belongs to the prior art, the condenser tube side (or cooling water side) comprises a cooling tube, a tube plate, a water chamber and the like, and the condenser shell side (or steam side) belongs to a vacuum container. The cooling water enters the water chamber from the inlet, enters the water chamber at the other end through the cooling water pipe, turns and flows out from the outlet. The exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters the space outside the cooling water pipe of the condenser, namely the steam side, from the exhaust steam inlet, and is condensed into water on the outer surface of the cooling water pipe, and the condensed water is collected to the hot water well and then is pumped out by a condensed water pump.
The principle of the scheme is as follows: neglecting the heat exchange between the condenser and the outside, listing a condenser heat balance equation according to the operation parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating the actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the condenser heat balance equation0Introducing a Coleman formula, and calculating the total heat transfer coefficient K of the condenser in a clean state by using the Coleman formula1And therefore, the actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser is obtained. According to the actual operation condition of the condenser, considering the influence of the tube bundle arrangement coefficient and the non-condensed gas on the steam side on the heat transfer performance of the condenser, introducing a tube bundle arrangement coefficient CsCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sideaThe condenser cleaning coefficient can be decomposed into CsCak, after the arrangement mode of the tube bundle of the condenser is determined, the tube bundle arrangement coefficient C of the condensersI.e. a constant value, can be obtainedAnd (4) actually not condensing the gas in the condenser to correct the coefficient. By comparing the actual non-condensing gas correction coefficient CaAnd the theoretical value C of the correction coefficient of non-condensed gas in designa0And judging whether the condenser has air leakage or not. If Ca<Ca0Judging that the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, and if C is reacheda>Ca0And judging that the condenser has the air leakage condition.
The heat balance equation (heat exchange law) refers to the transfer of heat between two or more systems with different temperatures until the temperatures of the systems are equal. In the process of heat exchange, the law of conversion and conservation of energy is followed. The heat transferred from the high temperature object to the low temperature object is actually the transfer of internal energy, and the decrease of the internal energy of the high temperature object is equal to the increase of the internal energy of the low temperature object. According to the theory of heat transfer, the heat released during exhaust steam condensation is equal to the heat taken away by cooling water, assuming that the heat exchange between the condenser and the outside atmosphere is not considered. The actual heat transfer coefficient K can be determined in the engineering thermodynamic calculation of the concrete condenser0
According to the preferable scheme, under the condition of neglecting heat exchange between the condenser and the outside, a condenser heat balance equation is listed according to the operation parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, namely, the heat balance equation is listed according to the parameters of the heat load of the condenser, the steam exhaust quantity of the steam turbine, the steam exhaust specific enthalpy of the steam turbine, the specific enthalpy of the condensed water, the flow rate of the cooling water, the specific heat capacity of the cooling water, the water temperature of the cooling water inlet and the water temperature of the cooling water outlet and the heat exchange. Calculating the actual heat transfer coefficient K from the heat balance equation0. In particular the column heat balance equation belongs to the prior art.
The total heat transfer coefficient K is calculated by adopting a theoretical analysis and empirical formula camera sum calculation method1The empirical formula is formed by: for the clean tubes, under a certain cooling water inlet temperature, tube diameter and cooling water flow rate, the basic average heat transfer coefficient of the condenser is measured, and then the basic average heat transfer coefficient is corrected one by one according to the test result obtained when one of the conditions is changed, so that the total average heat transfer coefficient of the condenser is obtained. United states of AmericaThe protocol for surface steam condensers, as promulgated by the society for Heat transfer (HEI-1995), is also disclosed. The problem that the influence of incondensable gas on the heat transfer performance is difficult to judge due to the coexistence of tube bundle scaling and incondensable gas is solved, and the general domestic Coleman formula is adopted for calculating the total heat transfer coefficient K of the condenser in a clean state1. And will not be described in detail herein.
Tube bundle arrangement coefficient CsThe method belongs to the prior art, and is a determined value which can be determined after the arrangement mode of the condenser tube bundle is determined. For example, thermal power generation 2016, entitled numerical simulation of condenser tube bundle arrangement coefficient indicates that: the feasibility and the rationality of the implementation of the tube bundle arrangement coefficient calculation method are discussed by combining the calculation methods of the average heat transfer coefficients of 4 condensers, the tube bundle arrangement coefficient calculation method with operability is recommended, and the tube bundle arrangement coefficients of a centripetal oval tube bundle, a deformation form of a TEPEE tube bundle, a bionic tree tube bundle and narrow-band forward flow type 4 double-flow-path condenser tube bundle modules with double trapezoidal air cooling zones are calculated by taking a 300MW unit condenser as an example, so that the tube bundle arrangement coefficients are respectively 1.082, 1.038, 1.094 and 1.169, which shows that the condenser with the narrow-band forward flow tube bundle with the double trapezoidal air cooling zones has the best condensation heat transfer effect.
In the preferable scheme, the value range of the water side cleaning coefficient k is 0.95-1. After the condenser design is completed, the water side cleaning coefficient k is determined. The pipe bundle after the condenser is cleaned can be considered to be in a clean state, and the water taking side cleaning coefficient k is 0.95-1 in consideration of the fact that some hard scales are difficult to clean thoroughly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for detecting the overproof air leakage of a condenser, which comprises the following steps: listing a heat balance equation of the condenser according to the operating parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating an actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the heat balance equation0(ii) a Obtaining a water side cleaning coefficient K and an overall heat transfer coefficient K under a condenser cleaning state1Coefficient of inlet tube bundle arrangement CsCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sidea;=K0/K1(1),=CsCak (2), and calculating to obtain the actual non-condensed gas correction system of the condenser by combining the formulas (1) and (2)Number CaWherein the water taking side cleaning coefficient k and the pipe bundle arrangement coefficient CsAre all constant values; theoretical value C of correction coefficient of non-condensable gas in reference designa0If C isa<Ca0Judging that the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, and if C is reacheda>Ca0And judging that the condenser has the air leakage condition. The method fully considers the influence factors of the condenser, and can quickly and accurately detect whether the air leakage amount of the condenser exceeds the standard and the exceeding degree.
In a specific implementation scenario, the following describes the specific detection steps of the present invention in conjunction with a 300MW subcritical plant:
1. neglecting the heat exchange between the condenser and the outside, calculating the actual heat transfer coefficient K under the actual operation condition of the condenser according to parameters such as the heat load of the condenser, the steam exhaust amount of the turbine, the specific exhaust enthalpy of the turbine, the specific enthalpy of the condensed water, the flow rate of the cooling water, the specific heat capacity of the cooling water, the water temperature of the cooling water at an inlet and an outlet, the heat exchange area of the condenser and the like0
2. The tube bundle after the condenser is cleaned by the rubber balls can be considered as a clean state, the cleaning coefficient K of the water intake side is 0.97, and the total heat transfer coefficient K in the clean state of the condenser is calculated by adopting a Coleman formula1So as to obtain the actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser as K0/K1
3. The influence of the tube bundle arrangement coefficient and non-condensed gas on the steam side on the heat transfer performance of the condenser is not considered by the Coleman formula, and the tube bundle arrangement coefficient C is introducedsCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sideaAnd decomposing the cleaning coefficient of the condenser into C according to the actual operation condition of the condensersCak, after the arrangement mode of the tube bundle of the condenser is determined, the tube bundle arrangement coefficient C of the condensersNamely a constant value, and the actual non-condensed gas correction coefficient C of the condenser can be calculated according to the formulaa
4. Comparing the actual non-condensed gas correction coefficient C of the condenseraCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas in designa0
If Ca<Ca0Then, thenJudging whether the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, if Ca>Ca0If so, judging that the condenser has air leakage, and defining the air leakage rate R of the condenser as (C)a-Ca0)/Ca0And the serious condition of the air leakage of the condenser is quantitatively judged. A larger R indicates a more severe blow-by and vice versa.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A condenser air leakage exceeding detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
listing a heat balance equation of the condenser according to the operating parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating an actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the heat balance equation0
Obtaining a water side cleaning coefficient K and an overall heat transfer coefficient K under a condenser cleaning state1Calculating to obtain an actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser according to a formula (1);
=K0/K1(1)
according to the actual operation condition of the condenser, the arrangement coefficient C of the lead-in tube bundlesCorrection coefficient C of non-condensed gas on steam-mixing sideaCalculating the actual overall cleaning coefficient of the condenser according to the formula (2);
=CsCak (2)
calculating to obtain the actual non-condensed gas correction coefficient C of the condenser by combining the formulas (1) and (2)aWherein the water taking side cleaning coefficient k and the pipe bundle arrangement coefficient CsAre all constant values;
theoretical value C of correction coefficient of non-condensable gas in reference designa0If C isa<Ca0Judging that the steam condenser tightness meets the operation requirement, and if C is reacheda>Ca0And judging that the condenser has the air leakage condition.
2. The condenser air leakage exceeding detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: definition ofAir leakage rate R ═ Ca-Ca0)/Ca0And quantitatively judging the serious condition of the air leakage of the condenser, wherein the air leakage severity is in direct proportion to the air leakage rate R.
3. The condenser air leakage exceeding detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the value range of the water side cleaning coefficient k is 0.95-1.
4. The condenser air leakage exceeding detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tube bundle arrangement coefficient CsThe method is determined according to a specific arrangement mode of the condenser tube bundle.
5. The condenser air leakage exceeding detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: under the condition of neglecting the heat exchange between the condenser and the outside, listing a heat balance equation of the condenser according to the operating parameters of the steam turbine and the condenser, and calculating the actual heat transfer coefficient K according to the heat balance equation0
6. The condenser air leakage exceeding detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and (4) arranging a heat balance equation according to parameters of the heat load of the condenser, the exhaust steam quantity of the turbine, the exhaust steam specific enthalpy of the turbine, the specific enthalpy of the condensed water, the flow rate of the cooling water, the specific heat capacity of the cooling water, the water temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the cooling water and the heat exchange area of the condenser.
7. The condenser air leakage exceeding detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: calculating the total heat transfer coefficient K of the condenser in a clean state by adopting a general Coleman formula1
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CN113916932A (en) * 2021-09-22 2022-01-11 安徽艺云玻璃有限公司 Method for detecting heat transfer coefficient of hollow glass
CN113916932B (en) * 2021-09-22 2024-04-16 安徽艺云玻璃有限公司 Method for detecting heat transfer coefficient of hollow glass
CN114544210A (en) * 2022-01-11 2022-05-27 国能浙江宁海发电有限公司 Method for testing heat transfer performance attenuation of condenser
CN114544210B (en) * 2022-01-11 2023-06-16 国能浙江宁海发电有限公司 Method for testing heat transfer performance attenuation of condenser

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