CN111877000A - 一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种红外热辐射的聚合物纳米网及其制作方法，利用人体中红外热辐射效应以及聚合物纳米网高柔韧度，提供一种可穿戴红外热辐射管理设备，适用于人体皮肤复杂曲面。金属材料的低辐射率对人体中红外热辐射的反射效应最高可达到90％，能有效实现对皮肤的被动保温。另外孔状结构的聚合物纳米网作为基材，制备的红外热辐射设备具有热辐射屏蔽率高，透气，聚合物材料消耗少，柔韧度高等优异性能。其制备方法简便，可有效降低温度调节的能量消耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料的制备技术领域，具体涉及一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网及其制备方法和在可穿戴领域的应用。
背景技术
对于传统热管理***(空调)难以应用的室外环境，人体暴露于快速的温度变化中，特别是在剧烈运动或冬季走动后，会导致健康问题。在室外温度每降低1℃时，与心血管疾病(CVD)相关的死亡率增加1.72％。
戴用纺织材料制成的冬季手套会不利地降低手的灵活性。与未戴手套的手相比，戴手套的手的手指敏捷度最高降低70％，而手部敏捷度最高降低40％。因此，开发出一种轻质便利，灵活，可穿戴的红外保温材料至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网及其制备方法和在可穿戴领域的应用。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，包括基层纳米纤维网以及沉积在基层纳米纤维网上的高红外反射层。
优选地，所述基层纳米纤维网为使用热塑性树脂或水溶性树脂制备的纳米纤维网，树脂为PVA、EVA、PA-6、PP、PE或PLA中的一种或两种以上混合物。
优选地，所述高红外反射层采用低红外辐射率的涂层，所述低红外辐射率的涂层为金、银、铜、钛或铝中的一种或两种以上合金以及高导电聚合物。
优选地，当所述树脂为PVA时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将水溶液的8-12wt％PVA装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为10-20kV，泵速为0.01-0.03ml/h，针头收集器距离为10-20cm，得到PVA纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在PVA纳米纤维上沉积低红外辐射率的涂层，所述低红外辐射率的涂层厚度为50-300nm。
优选地，当所述树脂为PVA时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将水溶液的10wt％PVA装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为15kV，泵速为0.02ml/h，针头收集器距离为15cm，得到PVA纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在PVA纳米纤维上沉积低红外辐射率的涂层，所述低红外辐射率的涂层厚度为50-300nm。
优选地，当所述树脂为PA-6时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将甲酸溶液的18-22wt％尼龙-6装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为18-22kV，泵速为0.1-0.3ml/h，针头收集器距离为15-19cm，得到尼龙-6纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在尼龙-6纳米纤维上沉积140-160nm的钛层得到尼龙-6纳米纤维层。
优选地，当所述树脂为PA-6时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将甲酸溶液的20wt％尼龙-6装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为20kV，泵速为0.2ml/h，针头收集器距离为17cm，得到尼龙-6纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在尼龙-6纳米纤维上沉积150nm的钛层得到尼龙-6纳米纤维层。
优选地，所述尼龙-6纳米纤维层的制备方法还包括：将尼龙-6纳米纤维进行热轧10个循环。
本发明还提出一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、制备PVA基层纳米纤维网或尼龙-6基层纳米纤维网；
S2、将0.02-0.04mm丙烯酸油墨层涂覆在P型掺硼硅晶片上制成的人造皮肤，然后将将制备的基层纳米纤维网或基层纳米纤维网转移到人造皮肤上得到低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网。
本发明还提出所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网在可穿戴领域的应用。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明利用人体中红外热辐射效应以及聚合物纳米网高柔韧度，提供一种可穿戴红外热辐射管理设备，适用于人体皮肤复杂曲面。金属材料的低辐射率对人体中红外热辐射的反射效应最高可达到90％，能有效实现对皮肤的被动保温。另外孔状结构的聚合物纳米网作为基材，制备的红外热辐射设备具有热辐射屏蔽率高，透气，聚合物材料消耗少，柔韧度高等优异性能，其制备方法简便，可有效降低温度调节的能量消耗。
2、PVA纳米纤维上的150nm金层在7到14μm之间的波长下显示约90％的反射率，从而使辐射纳米纤维能够将人体的辐射热反射回人体，实现保温效果。
3、经过热轧循环处理的尼龙纳米纤维，没有结点，其反射率比有结点的尼龙纳米纤维的反射率高5％。
4、溅射在PVA纳米纤维上的150nm钛层的反射率比溅射在尼龙纳米纤维上的150nm钛层的反射率高20％。
5、人造皮肤的反射率与手的反射率相匹配，使其成为测量辐射热功率的基础。
6、温度测量表明模块在1000s后达到稳态，人造皮肤的表面温度达到34℃。
7、当金层的厚度恒定时，较长的静电纺丝时间可使较低的总传热系数。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网中PVA纳米纤维的SEM表征图；
图2是本发明所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网中尼龙-6纳米纤维的SEM表征图；
图3是本发明所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网中各材料对应波长下的反射率的曲线图；
图4是本发明所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网中温度测量模块的测试结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
为便于更好地理解本发明，通过以下实例加以说明，这些实例属于本发明的保护范围，但不限制本发明的保护范围。
在实施例中，一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，包括基层纳米纤维网以及沉积在基层纳米纤维网上的高红外反射层。
所述基层纳米纤维网为使用热塑性树脂或水溶性树脂制备的纳米纤维网，树脂为PVA、EVA、PA-6、PP、PE或PLA中的一种或两种以上混合物。
所述高红外反射层采用低红外辐射率的涂层，所述低红外辐射率的涂层为金、银、铜、钛或铝中的一种或两种以上合金以及高导电聚合物。
具体的高导电聚合物为聚吡咯。
当所述树脂为PVA时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将水溶液的8-12wt％PVA装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为10-20kV，泵速为0.01-0.03ml/h，针头收集器距离为10-20cm，得到PVA纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在PVA纳米纤维上沉积140-160nm的金层和140-160nm的钛层得到PVA纳米纤维层。
当所述树脂为PA-6时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将甲酸溶液的18-22wt％尼龙-6装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为18-22kV，泵速为0.1-0.3ml/h，针头收集器距离为15-19cm，得到尼龙-6纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在尼龙-6纳米纤维上沉积140-160nm的钛层得到尼龙-6纳米纤维层。
本发明还提出一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，包括如下步骤：
S1、制备PVA纳米纤维层或尼龙-6纳米纤维层；
S2、将0.02-0.04mm丙烯酸油墨层涂覆在P型掺硼硅晶片上制成的人造皮肤，然后将将制备的PVA纳米纤维层或尼龙-6纳米纤维层转移到人造皮肤上得到低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网。
所述P型掺硼硅晶片的直径为50-51mm。
本发明还提出所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网在可穿戴领域的应用。
实施例1
一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，包括基层以及沉积在基层上的金属层，所述基层为PVA纳米纤维层，所述金属层为金层和钛层。
所述PVA纳米纤维层的制备方法如下：将水溶液的10wt％PVA装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为15kV，泵速为0.02ml/h，针头收集器距离为15cm，得到PVA纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在PVA纳米纤维上沉积150nm的金层和150nm的钛层得到PVA纳米纤维层。
本发明还提出一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，包括如下步骤：
S1、制备PVA纳米纤维层；
S2、将0.03mm丙烯酸油墨层涂覆在P型掺硼硅晶片上制成的人造皮肤，然后将将制备的PVA纳米纤维层转移到人造皮肤上得到低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网。
所述P型掺硼硅晶片的直径为50.8mm。
本发明还提出所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网在可穿戴领域的应用。
实施例2
一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，包括基层以及沉积在基层上的金属层，所述基层为尼龙-6纳米纤维层，所述金属层为钛层。
所述尼龙-6纳米纤维层的制备方法如下：将甲酸溶液的20wt％尼龙-6装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为20kV，泵速为0.2ml/h，针头收集器距离为17cm，得到尼龙-6纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在尼龙-6纳米纤维上沉积150nm的钛层得到尼龙-6纳米纤维层。
所述尼龙-6纳米纤维层的制备方法还包括：将尼龙-6纳米纤维在100℃的加热温度下对尼龙-6纳米纤维进行热轧10个循环。
本发明还提出一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，包括如下步骤：
S1、制备尼龙-6纳米纤维层；
S2、将0.03mm丙烯酸油墨层涂覆在P型掺硼硅晶片上制成的人造皮肤，然后将将制备的尼龙-6纳米纤维层转移到人造皮肤上得到低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网。
所述P型掺硼硅晶片的直径为50.8mm。
本发明还提出所述低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网在可穿戴领域的应用。
如图1-4可知：
1、PVA纳米纤维上的150nm金层在7到14μm之间的波长下显示约90％的反射率，从而使辐射纳米纤维能够将人体的辐射热反射回人体。
2、经过热轧循环处理的尼龙纳米纤维，没有结点，其反射率比有结点的尼龙纳米纤维的反射率高5％。
3、溅射在PVA纳米纤维上的150nm钛层的反射率比溅射在尼龙纳米纤维上的150nm钛层的反射率高20％。
4、人造皮肤的反射率与手的反射率相匹配，使其成为测量辐射热功率的基础。
5、温度测量表明模块在1000s后达到稳态，人造皮肤的表面温度达到34℃。
如图1所示的温度测量模块的测试结构，5-铝制保温黑箱，3-第一硅胶电热片，2-聚二甲基硅氧烷9mm，1-硅胶电热片，T1-测人造皮肤垂直上方10cm的环境温度；T2-测顶部电热片温度；T3-测底部电热片温度；T4-测人造皮肤表面温度：T5-测黑箱表面温度，测试原理如下：
测量流程：在铝制黑箱内，首先开启冷凝水循环，控制环境温度到10℃至20℃之间，开启硅胶电热片1和硅胶电热片2以实现T2＝T3的同时T4＝人体表皮正常温度(34℃)。当T2大于34℃时，硅胶电热片2关闭；当T2小于34℃时，硅胶电热片2开启。在任何情况下，T2大于T3，硅胶电热片2关闭，硅胶电热片1开启；在任何情况下，T2小于T3，硅胶电热片2开启，硅胶电热片1关闭，使得T2＝T3。
当T2＝T3,T4＝人体表皮正常温度(34℃)稳态实现后，硅胶电热片2与硅胶电热片1之间热流为0w，因此硅胶电热片2输出功率为维持T4＝人体表皮正常温度(34℃)的功率，就是热辐射功率。
6、当金层的厚度恒定时，较长的静电纺丝时间可使较低的总传热系数。
以上内容不能认定本发明具体实施只局限于这些说明，对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，包括基层纳米纤维网以及沉积在基层纳米纤维网上的高红外反射层。
2.如权利要求1所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述基层纳米纤维网为使用热塑性树脂或水溶性树脂制备的纳米纤维网，树脂为PVA、EVA、PA-6、PP、PE或PLA中的一种或两种以上混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，所述高红外反射层采用低红外辐射率的涂层，所述低红外辐射率的涂层为金、银、铜、钛或铝中的一种或两种以上合金以及高导电聚合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，当所述树脂为PVA时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将水溶液的8-12wt％PVA装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为10-20kV，泵速为0.01-0.03ml/h，针头收集器距离为10-20cm，得到PVA纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在PVA纳米纤维上沉积低红外辐射率的涂层，所述低红外辐射率的涂层厚度为50-300nm。
5.如权利要求4所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，当所述树脂为PVA时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将水溶液的10wt％PVA装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为15kV，泵速为0.02ml/h，针头收集器距离为15cm，得到PVA纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在PVA纳米纤维上沉积低红外辐射率的涂层，所述低红外辐射率的涂层厚度为50-300nm。
6.如权利要求1所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，当所述树脂为PA-6时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将甲酸溶液的18-22wt％尼龙-6装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为18-22kV，泵速为0.1-0.3ml/h，针头收集器距离为15-19cm，得到尼龙-6纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在尼龙-6纳米纤维上沉积140-160nm的钛层得到尼龙-6纳米纤维层。
7.如权利要求6所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，当所述树脂为PA-6时，所述基层纳米纤维网的制备方法如下：将甲酸溶液的20wt％尼龙-6装入注射器中，并将注射器针尖接到DC电源，施加电势，电势为20kV，泵速为0.2ml/h，针头收集器距离为17cm，得到尼龙-6纳米纤维，然后使用电子束蒸发镀膜在尼龙-6纳米纤维上沉积150nm的钛层得到尼龙-6纳米纤维层。
8.如权利要求6所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网，其特征在于，所述尼龙-6纳米纤维层的制备方法还包括：将尼龙-6纳米纤维进行热轧10个循环。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1、制备PVA基层纳米纤维网或尼龙-6基层纳米纤维网；
S2、将0.02-0.04mm丙烯酸油墨层涂覆在P型掺硼硅晶片上制成的人造皮肤，然后将将制备的基层纳米纤维网或基层纳米纤维网转移到人造皮肤上得到低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的低红外热辐射率聚合物纳米网在可穿戴领域的应用。
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