CN111876660A - 一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片及其生产工艺,所述磨片由以下重量百分比的组分制备而成:碳3.2‑4.2%,硅0.6‑1.2%,锰0.5‑1.1%,铬0‑0.35%,钼0.15‑0.55%,镍0‑0.45%,铜0.15‑0.35%,钛0.1‑0.3%,钒0.2‑0.4%,硼0.05‑0.12%,锑0.02‑0.03%,铌0.06‑0.12%,碲0.0005‑0.0015%,余量为铁;所述磨片在中频感应电炉熔炼,用金属型浇注成型,经等温淬火、抛丸、打磨处理,最终制备而成。本发明通过改变磨片的制备组分,运用金属型铸造工艺,增加了磨片的硬度、韧性、耐腐蚀性和耐磨性;同时使用了零铬镍或低铬镍的成分配方,降低了磨片在工作过程中磨损导致的铬元素和镍元素的迁移量,提高了磨片的使用安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及烟草、药品、食品和食品接触材料的原料制备磨浆机用磨片技术领域,具体涉及一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片及其生产工艺。
背景技术
磨片在磨浆机在中工作时,主要依靠磨片之间和原料之间的相对运动,对原料进行冲击、挤压和研磨。因此,磨浆机中的磨片的损耗较大,经常需要更换磨片,这既影响生产效率又增加了生产成本。此外,磨片磨损后,会使刃口钝化,间隙变大,最终失效下机。目前使用的不锈钢磨片的硬度通常在25-45HRC,高铬铸铁磨片的硬度通常在50-60HRC,现有技术中铬含量是决定磨片硬度和耐磨性的主因,因此现有技术中铬含量均比较高。
铬和镍是对人体构成严重危害的重金属,会损害人的肝脏和心肺功能,对人体具有致癌性以及致变异性,在与人体长时间的接触之后, 会在人体内不断积累, 从而引起人体免疫功能下降, 造成婴幼儿智力发育迟缓等。不锈钢磨片和高铬磨片在工作过程中,往往会磨损失重,容易导致铬元素和镍元素迁移到磨浆机所生产的烟草、药品、食品和食品接触材料的原料中,进一步导致原料中的铬镍超标。
为此,需要一种新的技术方案以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片,所述磨片的铬镍含量为零或者极低。
进一步的,所述磨片由以下重量百分比的组分制备而成:碳3.2-4.2%,硅 0.6-1.2%,锰0.5-1.1%,铬0-0.35%,钼0.15-0.55%,镍0-0.45%,铜0.15-0.35%,钛0.1-0.3%,钒0.2-0.4%,硼0.05-0.12%,锑0.02-0.03%,铌0.06-0.12%,碲 0.0005-0.0015%,余量为铁。
一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片的生产工艺,具体操作步骤为:
1)将各组分的制备材料在中频感应电炉熔炼,高温熔融成金属液;
2)将金属型以适宜的温度预热;
3)将金属液通过金属型浇注成型;
4)将浇注成型后冷却的磨片半成品经等温淬火、抛丸、打磨处理,制备得到磨片成品。
进一步的,所述金属液的熔融温度为1480-1500℃。
进一步的,所述金属型的预热温度为70-80℃。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过改变磨片的制备组分,运用金属型铸造工艺,增加了磨片的硬度、韧性、耐腐蚀性和耐磨性;同时使用了零铬镍或低铬镍的成分配方,降低了磨片在工作过程中磨损导致的铬元素和镍元素的迁移量,提高了磨片的使用安全性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片,由以下重量百分比的组分制备而成:碳3.8%,硅 0.9%,锰0.8%,铬0%,钼0.18%,镍0%,铜0.18%,钛0.2%,钒 0.2%,硼0.08%,锑0.02%,铌0.08%,碲0.0008%,余量为铁。
碳C:磨片的耐磨性主要源自组分中存在高硬度的碳化物。碳化物体积百分数愈多,抗磨性愈好。含碳量并非愈高愈好,因为碳化物体积百分数过多,会增加材质的脆性,故而需要含碳量控制在3.2-4.2%。
硅Si:硅是熔炼脱氧元素,加入适量的硅元素,可防止其它合金元素氧化。硅又是非碳化物形成元素,溶于基体中降低淬透性;此外,由于硅使共晶点左移,会使碳化物变的粗大,不利于韧性提高,故而需要硅含量控制在0. 6-1. 2%。
锰Mn:加入适量的锰,除了起脱氧和净化金属液作用外,还可以使碳化物细化,但锰是扩大奥氏体区,稳定奥氏体元素,加入量过多,铸态基体中易形成较多的奥氏体,不利于提高耐磨性,故而锰加入量为0. 5-1.1%。
铬Cr:铬除部分形成碳化物,增加耐磨性外,其主要作用是溶于基体,增加基体的淬透性和抗腐蚀性,但是磨片工作中磨损易导致铬元素迁移,故而采用零铬和低铬成分,将铬含量控制在0-0.35%。
钼Mo:钼是中等稳定碳化物,阻碍石墨化的元素。钼使组织致密,并细化和改善石墨的均匀分布,在较高硬度下仍有较高的强度和韧性,故而含量控制在0.15-0.55%。
镍Ni:镍是促进石墨化的元素,有助于碳化物的分解,能细化晶粒和石墨尺寸,但是磨片工作中磨损易导致镍元素迁移,故而采用零镍和低镍成分,含量控制在0-0.45%。
铜Cu:铜使组织致密,并细化和改善石墨的均匀分布,能增加强度,但加入铜会使硬度降低,故而含量控制在0.15-0.35%。
钛Ti:钛是强化物形成元素,阻碍碳化物的长大,从而使其细化,有利于提高韧性,当钛加入量过多时,不但碳化物进一步细化效果不明显,而且会不利于提高耐磨性,故而合适的钛加入量为0. 1-0.3%。
钒V:钒是强烈稳定碳化物,提高强度、硬度和耐磨性,钒能细化石墨,并促进石墨的均匀分布,从而改善了断面的敏感性,故而含量控制在0.2-0.4%。
硼B:硼是强淬透性元素,可以显著提高其淬透性,可替代价格较贵的淬透性元素钼、铜等。当硼加入量过多时,会在晶界析出网状脆性硼化物,反而降低韧性,故而加入量为0. 05-0. 12%。
锑Sb: 锑是强烈稳定碳化物,阻碍石墨化的元素,能提高基体和磷共晶硬度,显著提高耐磨性,故而锑加入量为0.02%-0.03%。
铌Nb:铌可以细化共晶团,提高强度,提高莱氏体数量,共晶奥氏体转变产物随着铌含量的增加逐渐过渡为贝氏体,提高磨片耐磨性,故而含量控制在0.06-0.12%。
碲Te:碲是一种介于金属和非金属之间的半金属元素,容易粉碎,将碲添加到熔化的金属液中,可激起剧烈的反应,促使金属液在很短的时间内去氧完毕,使金属液急剧冷却,凝固速度大大加快,获得致密的磨片铸件,故而加入量为0.0005%-0.0015%。
一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片的生产工艺,具体操作步骤为:
1)将各组分的制备材料在中频感应电炉熔炼,高温熔融成金属液;
2)将金属型以适宜的温度预热;
3)将金属液通过金属型浇注成型;
4)将浇注成型后冷却的磨片半成品经等温淬火、抛丸、打磨处理,制备得到磨片成品。
金属液的熔融温度为1480℃。
金属型的预热温度为80℃。
金属型的快速冷却作用,使磨片受到快速激冷,从而使磨片齿面获得高的硬度值;选用等温淬火热处理工艺,使得磨片获得较高的耐磨性和韧性;抛丸、打磨处理,使磨片齿面硬度可达到52HRC,破裂率低<0.01%、冲击韧性冲击达8.5J/cm2。
实施例2
本实施例的实施方式与实施例1相似,区别在于,一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片,由以下重量百分比的组分制备而成:碳3.9%,硅 0.6%,锰0.7%,铬0.25%,钼0.25%,镍0.35%,铜0.25%,钛0.18%,钒0.3%,硼0.09%,锑0.025%,铌0.09%,碲 0.00012%,余量为铁。
金属液的熔融温度为1500℃。
金属型的预热温度为70℃。
抛丸、打磨处理,使得磨片齿面硬度可达到55HRC,破裂率低<0.01%、冲击韧性冲击达8.1J/cm2。
Claims (5)
1.一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片,其特征在于,所述磨片的铬镍含量为零或者极低。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片,其特征在于,
所述磨片由以下重量百分比的组分制备而成:碳3.2-4.2%,硅 0.6-1.2%,锰0.5-1.1%,铬0-0.35%,钼0.15-0.55%,镍0-0.45%,铜0.15-0.35%,钛0.1-0.3%,钒0.2-0.4%,硼0.05-0.12%,锑0.02-0.03%,铌0.06-0.12%,碲 0.0005-0.0015%,余量为铁。
3.一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片的生产工艺,其特征在于,具体操作步骤为:
1) 将各组分的制备材料在中频感应电炉熔炼,高温熔融成金属液;
2) 将金属型以适宜的温度预热;
3) 将金属液通过金属型浇注成型;
4) 将浇注成型后冷却的磨片半成品经等温淬火、抛丸、打磨处理,制备得到磨片成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述金属液的熔融温度为1480-1500℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种低铬镍耐磨合金磨片的生产工艺,其特征在于,所述金属型的预热温度为70-80℃。
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JPS6126754A (ja) * | 1984-07-13 | 1986-02-06 | Kubota Ltd | 耐摩耗性に優れる複層シリンダ・ライナ |
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