CN111875488A - Curcumin extraction and purification method - Google Patents
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
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- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diferuloylmethane Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=CC(=O)CC(=O)C=CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C45/79—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/78—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C45/81—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a curcumin extraction and purification method, which comprises the following steps: taking dry turmeric powder, adding ethanol water with volume fraction of more than or equal to 74 percent for three-extraction and three-filtration, and mechanically extracting; diluting the first extract until the ethanol content is not more than 50%, and loading the first extract to a polyamide resin chromatographic column for adsorption; washing the column with 3 times of purified water to remove water-soluble impurities; washing the column with 1 time of ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 50-70% of the column volume to remove alcohol-soluble impurities; washing the column with 5 times of ethanol water solution with volume fraction of 60-75%, eluting curcumin on the column, and collecting the eluent; concentrating the collected eluent to dryness, adding ethanol water solution to dissolve the eluent to obtain saturated solution, crystallizing and separating out the saturated solution at 0-normal temperature, taking crystals to wash and drying the crystals to obtain the curcumin. The extraction and purification process is simple, the extraction and purification process is easy to control, the industrial application is easy, the turmeric extract with the total curcumin content of more than or equal to 95 percent can be prepared, and the economic benefit is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction and separation of plant active ingredients, and particularly relates to a curcumin extraction and purification method.
Background
Curcuma longa L of Curcuma of Zingiberaceae is a common Chinese medicine, Curcumin is effective component extracted from Curcuma longa, has wide pharmacological effects of resisting tumor, resisting oxidation, resisting inflammation, reducing blood lipid, etc., and has low toxicity, and mouse LD50＞2g/kg。
The existing extraction method of curcumin comprises alkaline water extraction method and enzyme extraction method. However, the enzyme extraction method has high requirements on extraction temperature and pH value, is not easy to control, and has complex process. Meanwhile, the damage to curcumin is large under the alkaline regulation of the alkaline water extraction method. In addition, in the existing separation and purification methods of curcumin, organic solvents with high toxic and side effects such as methanol, n-hexane, petroleum ether or ethyl acetate are mostly used, so that the residual amount of the organic solvents in the separated products is high, and the application of curcumin in the fields of food, medicines and the like is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a curcumin extraction and purification method. The extraction and purification process only uses ethanol which is an organic solvent, the residual amount of the ethanol in the product is low, and the organic solvent with higher toxic and side effects is not needed, so that the use safety of the curcumin is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for extracting and purifying curcumin comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, extracting: taking turmeric dry powder, adding ethanol water with volume fraction of more than or equal to 74% for extraction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain primary extract filtrate and primary extract filter residue;
(2) II, extracting: taking the first extraction filter residue, adding ethanol water solution with volume fraction of more than or equal to 74% for extraction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a second extraction filtrate and a second extraction filter residue;
(3) three-stage extraction: taking the second extraction filter residue, adding ethanol water solution with volume fraction of more than or equal to 74% for extraction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain third extraction filtrate and third extraction filter residue;
(4) diluting: diluting the first extract liquid to an ethanol content of no more than 50%;
(5) loading: adsorbing the diluted primary filtrate by a polyamide resin chromatographic column, wherein the loading capacity is not more than 17.5mg/mL, and the sampling flow rate is 1-4 times of the column volume/h;
(6) washing with water to remove impurities: washing the column with 3 times of purified water to remove water-soluble impurities;
(7) alcohol washing to remove impurities: washing the column with 1 time of ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 50-70% of the column volume to remove alcohol-soluble impurities;
(8) desorbing: washing the column with 5 times of ethanol water solution with volume fraction of 60-75%, eluting curcumin on the column, and collecting the eluent;
(9) concentration and crystallization: concentrating the collected eluent to dryness, adding an ethanol water solution, heating and dissolving in a water bath to obtain a saturated solution, crystallizing and separating out at 0-normal temperature, taking crystals, washing and drying to obtain the curcumin.
In the step (4), the ethanol content of the first extraction filtrate is controlled not to exceed 50%, so that curcumin in the filtrate can be well adsorbed on the polyamide resin chromatographic column during sample loading. When the ethanol content in the filtrate exceeds 50%, a large amount of curcumin flows out of the polyamide resin chromatographic column along with the ethanol, and the product yield is influenced.
Through experimental research, the invention discovers that in the steps (6) to (8), the water-soluble impurities adsorbed in the column can be more thoroughly eluted by washing the column with 3 times of column volume of purified water, the alcohol-soluble impurities adsorbed in the column can be more thoroughly eluted by washing the column with 1 time of column volume of ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 50% -70%, and the adsorbed curcumin can be more thoroughly eluted by washing the column with 5 times of column volume of ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 60% -75%. Thus, curcumin having high purity can be obtained.
The extraction adopts a mechanical extraction mode, namely the secondary extraction filtrate in the step (2) is used as the extraction solvent of the next batch of primary extraction, and the tertiary extraction filtrate in the step (3) is used as the extraction solvent of the next batch of secondary extraction. Therefore, the use amount of the solvent can be reduced in continuous production, and the cost of curcumin extraction and purification is reduced.
Preferably, the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution used in the first, second and third extraction is 74-84%. The curcumin is extracted at the concentration, and the extraction rate of the curcumin is higher.
Preferably, the extraction temperature of the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction is 56-80 ℃, and more preferably 62-72 ℃; the extraction time is 1-3 h, 1-2 h and 1h in sequence, and the most preferable extraction time is 1h respectively. The extraction process conditions are adopted for extraction, so that the extraction rate of curcumin is high.
Preferably, the ratio of the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction is 1: 4-1: 12, and most preferably 1: 6. The liquid extract has higher curcumin extraction rate than the liquid extract.
Preferably, in the step (8), the column is washed with 5 column volumes of 70 ± 5% ethanol water solution in volume fraction. When the ethanol with the concentration is used for desorption, the purity of the curcumin is the highest.
Preferably, in the step (9), the concentrate is dissolved by 50 volume percent of ethanol water solution, the crystallization temperature is 20 ℃, and the crystals are washed by 80 volume percent of ethanol water solution. The process has the advantages of concentration and crystallization, and high yield of curcumin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the extraction conditions and the purification conditions are optimized, under the combination of the operation conditions of each step, the method realizes that only one organic solvent of ethanol is used in the whole extraction and purification process of the curcumin, organic solvents with high toxic and side effects such as methanol, normal hexane, petroleum ether or ethyl acetate are not used, the residual amount of the ethanol in the prepared curcumin is low, and the use safety of the curcumin is greatly improved. The extraction and purification process is simple, the extraction and purification process is easy to control, the industrial application is easy, the turmeric extract with the total curcumin content of more than or equal to 95 percent can be prepared, and the economic benefit is considerable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between ethanol concentration as an extraction solvent and curcumin extraction rate;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the extraction temperature and the curcumin extraction rate;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between aqueous solutions of different acid contents and yield of washed solids;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of desorbed ethanol and the purity of curcumin in the eluate;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the relationship between the concentration of crystalline ethanol and the content and yield of curcumin crystals;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the concentration of washing ethanol versus curcumin content of the product;
fig. 7 is a graph of transmissibility versus load.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The starting materials used in the examples are commercially available and the procedures used are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for extracting and purifying curcumin comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment: taking dry turmeric, crushing and sieving by a 40-mesh sieve to obtain turmeric dry powder;
(2) firstly, extracting: adding 78% ethanol water solution into Curcuma rhizome dry powder at a ratio of 1:6(g/mL), stirring at 70 deg.C (rotation speed of 300r/min) for 1 hr, and vacuum filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth to obtain first extractive filtrate and first extractive residue;
(3) II, extracting: taking the first-extraction filter residue, adding 78% ethanol aqueous solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:6(g/mL), stirring at 70 ℃ (rotating speed of 300r/min) for extraction for 1h, and performing suction filtration by using 400-mesh filter cloth to obtain second-extraction filtrate and second-extraction filter residue, wherein the second-extraction filtrate is used as an extraction solvent for the next first extraction;
(4) three-stage extraction: taking the second-extraction filter residue, adding 78% ethanol aqueous solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:6(g/mL), stirring at 70 ℃ (rotating speed of 300r/min) for extraction for 1h, carrying out suction filtration by using 400-mesh filter cloth to obtain third-extraction filtrate and third-extraction filter residue, using the third-extraction filtrate as the extraction solvent of the next second extraction, and discarding the third-extraction filter residue;
(5) diluting: diluting the first extract to 50% ethanol;
(6) loading: enabling the diluted first filtrate to pass through a polyamide resin chromatographic column with the column volume of 200 mL/piece, wherein the loading capacity is 16mg/mL, so that curcumin is adsorbed on the polyamide resin, and the sampling flow rate is 500 mL/h;
(7) washing with water to remove impurities: washing the column with 3 times column volume (600 mL) of purified water to remove water-soluble impurities at a flow rate of 10 mL/min;
(8) alcohol washing to remove impurities: washing the column with 1 column volume (200 mL) of 70% ethanol aqueous solution at a flow rate of 10mL/min to remove alcohol-soluble impurities;
(9) desorbing: eluting the column with 5 times column volume (1000 mL) of 70% ethanol water solution at flow rate of 10mL/min, and collecting eluate;
(10) concentration and crystallization: concentrating the collected eluent under vacuum and reduced pressure to dryness, adding 50% ethanol aqueous solution in volume fraction, heating and dissolving in 80 deg.C water bath to obtain saturated solution, taking out, cooling to 20 deg.C, standing for 48 hr to make curcumin supersaturated and gradually precipitate, after crystallization, filtering with medium speed filter paper (weighing filter paper) to obtain crystal, ultrasonically washing with 80% ethanol aqueous solution for 30min to dissolve the rest impurities in the crystal, filtering with medium speed filter paper (weighing filter paper), taking out the filter residue, vacuum drying at 60 deg.C for 1 hr, taking out, and weighing. Weighing samples to detect the curcumin content, wherein experimental data and analysis results are shown in the following table 1-3:
TABLE 1 column separation data sheet
TABLE 2 crystallization data Table
TABLE 3 alcohol wash data sheet
From the above detection data, it can be seen that the curcumin powder prepared by the extraction and purification method of embodiment 1 of the present invention has a content of 93.21%, and the corrected content can reach 96.56%, and can reach more than 95%.
The inventor conducts 3 batches of verification of continuous experiments, and confirms that the turmeric extract with the total curcumin more than or equal to 95 percent can be produced by the method provided by the invention.
The process research comprises the following steps:
first, influence of ethanol concentration on extraction effect
(1) Purpose of the experiment: curcumin was extracted using ethanol at different concentrations.
(2) Experimental protocol
Crushing and screening: taking dry turmeric, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain turmeric dry powder.
Firstly, extracting: weighing 400g of three parts of turmeric dry powder, adding 3.2L of ethanol water solution with volume fractions of 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, heating in water bath at 70 ℃, stirring (rotating speed of 300r/min), condensing, refluxing and extracting for 3h, then performing suction filtration by using 400-mesh filter cloth, weighing the volume and weight of the filtrate, weighing the weight of the filter residue, and measuring the curcumin content of the filtrate.
II, extracting: taking the first extraction residue, respectively adding 3.2L ethanol water solution with volume fractions of 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, heating in water bath at 70 deg.C under stirring (rotation speed of 300r/min), condensing, refluxing, extracting for 2h, filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing the volume and weight of the filtrate, weighing the residue, and measuring curcumin content of the filtrate.
Three-stage extraction: and taking the second extraction residue, respectively adding 3.2L ethanol water solution with volume fractions of 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%, heating in water bath at 70 ℃ and stirring (rotating speed of 300r/min), condensing, refluxing and extracting for 1h, then performing suction filtration by using 400-mesh filter cloth, weighing the volume and weight of the filtrate, weighing the weight of the residue, and measuring the curcumin content of the filtrate.
And calculating and summarizing the curcumin extraction rate of the three times of extraction to obtain the total curcumin extraction rate.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 4 and FIG. 1.
TABLE 4
| Ethanol concentration,% (volume fraction) | Total extraction rate of |
| 50 | 86.08 |
| 60 | 91.36 |
| 70 | 96.83 |
| 80 | 107.26 |
According to fig. 1, when the total extraction rate y of curcumin is 97%, the ethanol concentration x is 74%, so that the extraction rate is more than 97%, the concentration of the extraction solvent ethanol is more than or equal to 74%, and the deviation is controlled to be +/-5%, and the concentration of the extraction solvent ethanol is 74-84%.
Second, influence of temperature on extraction Effect
(1) Purpose of the experiment: extracting curcumin at different temperatures, wherein the curcumin extraction rate reaches 97 percent, which is a qualified standard, and the higher the extraction rate is, the better the extraction rate is when the extraction rate is more than 97 percent; the lower the temperature, the lower the energy consumption, the lower the temperature, the better; the optimum extraction temperature is selected.
(2) Experimental protocol
Crushing and screening: taking dry turmeric, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain turmeric dry powder.
Firstly, extracting: weighing 400g of three parts of turmeric dry powder respectively, placing the turmeric dry powder into a 5L round bottom glass reaction kettle, adding 80% ethanol water solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:8(g/mL), stirring at room temperature, 40 ℃ in water bath, 60 ℃ in water bath and 80 ℃ in water bath (the rotating speed is 300r/min), condensing, refluxing and extracting for 3 hours, then performing suction filtration by using 400-mesh filter cloth, weighing the volume and the weight of the filtrate, weighing the weight of the filter residue, and measuring the curcumin content of the filtrate.
II, extracting: placing the first extraction residue in a 5L round bottom glass reaction kettle, adding 80% ethanol water solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:8(g/mL), respectively stirring at room temperature, 40 deg.C in water bath, 60 deg.C in water bath, and 80 deg.C in water bath (rotation speed 300r/min), condensing, refluxing and extracting for 3h, filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing filtrate volume and weight, weighing residue, and measuring curcumin content of filtrate.
Three-stage extraction: and (3) placing the second extraction filter residue in a 5L round bottom glass reaction kettle, adding 80% ethanol water solution according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:8(g/mL), respectively stirring at room temperature, 40 ℃ in water bath, 60 ℃ in water bath and 80 ℃ in water bath (the rotating speed is 300r/min), condensing, refluxing and extracting for 3h, then performing suction filtration by using 400-mesh filter cloth, weighing the volume and the weight of the filtrate, weighing the weight of the filter residue, and measuring the curcumin content of the filtrate.
And calculating and summarizing the curcumin extraction rate of the three times of extraction to obtain the total curcumin extraction rate.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 5 and FIG. 2.
TABLE 5
According to fig. 2, the value of the total curcumin extraction rate y is the greatest when the temperature x is 78 ℃. The total extraction rate y of curcumin is more than or equal to 97 percent, and the temperature x value is more than or equal to 56 ℃. The higher the temperature, the greater the energy consumption, and the maximum value of y, the value of x is 78.
The extraction temperature is preferably 62 to 72 ℃ because x is (56+78)/2 is 67.
Thirdly, influence of feed liquid ratio on extraction effect
(1) Purpose of the experiment: extracting curcumin by using different material-liquid ratios, wherein the curcumin extraction rate reaches 97 percent and is taken as a qualified standard, and the higher the extraction rate is, the better the extraction rate is; the lower the feed-liquid ratio is, the lower the cost is; and selecting the optimal extraction material-liquid ratio.
(2) Experimental protocol
Crushing and screening: taking dry turmeric, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain turmeric dry powder.
Firstly, extracting: weighing 100g of five parts of turmeric dry powder respectively, wherein the material-liquid ratio (g/mL) is 1: 4; 1: 6; 1: 8; 1: 10; adding 80% ethanol water solution at a ratio of 1:12, heating in 70 deg.C water bath under stirring (rotation speed of 300r/min), condensing, refluxing, extracting for 3h, filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing filtrate volume and weight, weighing residue, and measuring curcumin content of filtrate.
II, extracting: taking the first extraction filter residue, and respectively taking the first extraction filter residue and the second extraction filter residue according to the material-liquid ratio (g/mL) of 1: 4; 1: 6; 1: 8; 1: 10; adding 80% ethanol water solution at a ratio of 1:12, heating in 70 deg.C water bath under stirring (rotation speed of 300r/min), condensing, refluxing, extracting for 2h, filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing filtrate volume and weight, weighing residue, and measuring curcumin content of filtrate.
Three-stage extraction: taking the second extraction filter residue, and respectively taking the second extraction filter residue according to the material-liquid ratio (g/mL) of 1: 4; 1: 6; 1: 8; 1: 10; adding 80% ethanol water solution at a ratio of 1:12, heating in 70 deg.C water bath under stirring (rotation speed of 300r/min), condensing, refluxing, extracting for 1h, filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing filtrate volume and weight, weighing residue, and measuring curcumin content of filtrate.
And calculating and summarizing the curcumin extraction rate of the three times of extraction to obtain the total curcumin extraction rate.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6
| Ratio of feed to liquid, g/mL | Total extraction rate of curcumin% |
| 1：4 | 96.01 |
| 1：6 | 100.06 |
| 1：8 | 102.69 |
| 1：10 | 98.83 |
| 1：12 | 103.97 |
TABLE 7
Minimum feed-liquid ratio 1:4 is 1, the volume score is
The extraction rate is 97 percent of qualified line, and the extraction rate is 0 when the extraction rate is less than 97 percent; if the extraction rate is more than 97%, the extraction rate score is as follows:
total score is volume score + extraction rate score
According to the above table, the final score of the experimental group with a 1:6 feed-to-liquid ratio was the highest, and thus the optimum feed-to-liquid ratio was 1: 6.
Fourth, the influence of the extraction time on the extraction effect
(1) The purpose of the test is as follows: extracting curcumin in different time, wherein the curcumin extraction rate reaches 97 percent, which is a qualified standard, and if the curcumin extraction rate is more than 97 percent, the higher the curcumin extraction rate is, the better the curcumin extraction rate is, and the shorter the curcumin extraction time is, the better the curcumin extraction rate is; the optimal extraction time is selected.
(2) Experimental protocol
Crushing and screening: taking dry turmeric, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain turmeric dry powder.
Firstly, extracting: weighing four parts of turmeric dry powder 100g respectively, and adding ethanol aqueous solution with volume fraction of 80% 600mL respectively; heating in 70 deg.C water bath under stirring (rotation speed of 300r/min), extracting, vacuum filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing filtrate volume and weight, weighing filter residue, and measuring curcumin content of filtrate.
II, extracting: taking the first extraction residue, and respectively adding 600mL of ethanol water solution with volume fraction of 80%; heating in 70 deg.C water bath under stirring (rotation speed of 300r/min), extracting, vacuum filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing filtrate volume and weight, weighing filter residue, and measuring curcumin content of filtrate.
Three-stage extraction: taking the second extraction filter residue, and respectively adding 600mL of ethanol water solution with volume fraction of 80%; heating in 70 deg.C water bath under stirring (rotation speed of 300r/min), extracting, vacuum filtering with 400 mesh filter cloth, weighing filtrate volume and weight, weighing filter residue, and measuring curcumin content of filtrate.
The extraction times for each experimental group are as follows:
and calculating and summarizing the curcumin extraction rate of each experimental group extracted for three times to obtain the total curcumin extraction rate.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8
| Extraction time h | Total extraction rate of |
| 3/2/1 | 100.06 |
| 2/2/1 | 99.32 |
| 2/1/1 | 98.01 |
| 1/1/1 | 100.63 |
| 3/1/1 | 94.38 |
And (4) analyzing results: theoretically, the longer the extraction time is, the higher the extraction rate is, but the experimental scheme (1/1/1) has the highest curcumin extraction rate, and the reason is not clear. Therefore, in the method, the optimal extraction time of the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction is 1h respectively.
Fifthly, influence of acidity of aqueous solution on washing impurity removal effect
(1) Purpose of the experiment: the influence of the acid content of the aqueous solution on the impurity elution effect is tested, and the more impurities are eluted, the better the impurity elution effect is.
(2) Experimental protocol
Preparing materials: curcumin was extracted under the conditions of example 1 to obtain a first extract, 200g of the polyamide stationary phase was mixed with 2400mL of the first extract and adsorbed to form a concentrated powder, and the powder was scraped off.
Loading: and (4) loading four columns, wherein the volume of each column is 150mL, loading the columns normally, and washing the columns with water to be qualified. Weighing 50g of the above concentrated powder, adding the column head, and filling.
Elution 1: the column was washed with 6 column volumes (i.e., 1200mL) of aqueous solution, and the acetic acid content (volume fraction) of the aqueous solution used in each experimental group was 0 (i.e., purified water), 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, respectively. Collecting the eluent by times, measuring the volume, sampling and measuring the content of curcumin and solid matters; the flow rate was 600mL/h (10 mL/min).
And (3) elution 2: washing the column with 6 times of column volume (1200 mL) of 70% ethanol water solution, collecting 0.5 times of eluate, measuring volume, and weighing. Sampling and measuring the curcumin and the solid content.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 9 and FIG. 3.
TABLE 9
| Acetic acid content% | Yield of water washing |
| 0 | 42.45 |
| 1.5 | 39.26 |
| 3.0 | 35.38 |
| 4.5 | 39.62 |
As can be seen from the graph, as the concentration of acetic acid increased, the yield of the solid matter decreased and then increased, and acetic acid remained. In the absence of acid (i.e., purified water), the yield of water-washed solids is highest. Therefore, in the method, the effect of removing impurities by washing without adding acid is optimal.
Sixthly, influence of desorbed ethanol concentration on elution effect
(1) Purpose of the experiment: and (3) testing the influence of the desorbed alcohol washing concentration on the curcumin elution effect, wherein the higher the elution separation degree, the better the elution separation degree.
(2) Experimental protocol
Preparing materials: curcumin was extracted under the conditions of example 1 to obtain a first extract, 200g of the polyamide stationary phase was mixed with 3000mL of the first extract and adsorbed to form a concentrated powder, and the powder was scraped off.
Loading: and (4) loading four columns, wherein the volume of each column is 150mL, loading the columns normally, and washing the columns with water to be qualified. Weighing 50g of the above concentrated powder, adding the column head, and filling.
Elution 1: washing the column with 6 times column volume (1200 mL) of purified water, collecting eluate by times, measuring volume, and sampling to measure curcumin and solid content; the flow rate was 600mL/h (10 mL/min).
And (3) elution 2: the column was washed with 9 column volumes (i.e., 1350mL) of aqueous ethanol solutions, the volume fractions of the aqueous ethanol solutions used in the experimental groups were 60%, 70%, 80%, and 95%, respectively, and the eluates were collected in single-fold, volume-measured, and weighed. Sampling to measure curcumin and solid content.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 10 and FIG. 4.
As can be seen from the graph, the purity of curcumin increased first and then decreased as the ethanol concentration increased, and the ethanol concentration was the highest at about 70 ± 5%, and therefore, the preferred ethanol concentration was 70 ± 5%.
Influence of ethanol concentration on crystallization effect
(1) Purpose of the experiment: and (3) investigating the influence on the purity and yield of curcumin crystals when the concentrated eluent is dissolved, precipitated and crystallized by using different ethanol concentrations. The purity of the curcumin is more than or equal to 95 percent as the optimum, and the yield is higher and better when the purity is less than 95 percent.
(2) Experimental protocol
Concentration and crystallization: extracting and purifying curcumin according to the method of example 1, sampling the collected fivefold eluent to detect the concentration of curcumin, putting three 1L solutions into a 2L distillation flask, carrying out water bath at 60 ℃, carrying out vacuum reduced pressure concentration to obtain an extract, respectively dropwise adding 5mL of ethanol aqueous solutions with volume fractions of 50%, 70% and 95%, heating and dissolving in water bath at 80 ℃ to obtain saturated solutions, transferring the saturated solutions to a beaker, standing at room temperature for 48h, and carrying out suction filtration to dryness by using medium-speed filter paper (weighing filter paper).
And (3) drying: and (3) putting the filter residue into a vacuum drying oven, drying for 1h at 60 ℃, taking out and weighing. Weighing and detecting the curcumin content.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 11 and FIG. 5.
TABLE 11
As can be seen from the graph, as the ethanol content increases, the curcumin content increases, but the yield decreases, while the yield is kept high in actual production, and therefore 50% ethanol crystallization is optimal.
Influence of temperature on crystallization Effect
(1) Purpose of the experiment: the effect of crystallization temperature on curcumin content in the product, the higher the curcumin content the better.
(2) Experimental protocol
Concentration and crystallization: extracting purified curcumin according to the method of example 1, sampling the collected fivefold eluent to detect the concentration of curcumin, putting three 1L solutions into a 2L distillation flask, carrying out water bath at 60 ℃, carrying out vacuum concentration under reduced pressure until the solution is dried, respectively dripping 5mL of hot ethanol aqueous solution with volume fraction of 50% at 80 ℃ for dissolution, respectively standing at-20 ℃, 0 ℃ and 20 ℃ for 48h, and carrying out suction filtration by using medium-speed filter paper (weighing by filter paper) until the solution is dried.
And (3) drying: and (3) putting the filter residue into a vacuum drying oven, drying for 1h at 60 ℃, taking out and weighing. Weighing and detecting the curcumin content.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12
As can be seen from the tabulated data, the higher the temperature, the higher the curcumin content in the powder, and the optimum temperature is 20 ℃.
Ninth, Effect of washed alcohol concentration on curcumin content
(1) Purpose of the experiment: the effect of the washed ethanol concentration on curcumin content, the higher the curcumin content the better.
(2) Experimental protocol
Concentration and crystallization: purified curcumin was extracted by the method of example 1, and 1.00g of each crystalline powder was weighed and placed in three beakers, 5mL of an aqueous ethanol solution with a volume fraction of 40%, 60%, 80% was added, and washed with ultrasound for 30min, followed by suction filtration to dryness using medium speed filter paper (filter paper weighing).
And (3) drying: and (3) putting the filter residue into a vacuum drying oven, drying for 1h at 60 ℃, taking out and weighing. Weighing and detecting the curcumin content.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: see table 13 and fig. 6.
Watch 13
| Washing the ethanol concentration,% | The curcumin content of the powder,%) |
| 40 | 70.16 |
| 60 | 83.47 |
| 80 | 92.74 |
As can be seen from the graph, the curcumin content increased with the increase in ethanol concentration. Therefore, the effect of washing with 80% ethanol is optimal.
Ten, influence of load on transmissibility
(1) Purpose of the experiment: the optimal loading amount is determined by controlling different loading amounts and through the transfer rate, and the transfer rate is lower than 0.5%.
(2) Experimental protocol
Preparing materials: extracting and purifying curcumin according to the method of example 1 to obtain a first extract filtrate, adding purified water to dilute until the ethanol concentration is lower than 50%, and obtaining a sample preparation liquid.
Loading: loading the sample into columns with the volume of 9mg/mL, 15mg/mL, 21mg/mL and 27mg/mL and the flow rate of 500mL/h (8.46cm/min) respectively at 200 mL/root × 4 columns, collecting the effluent of the sample loading, measuring the volume, and sampling to measure curcumin and solid content.
(3) Experimental data and analysis: the results are shown in Table 14 and FIG. 7.
TABLE 14
| Load amount mg/mL | The transmission rate% |
| 9.00 | 0.04 |
| 15.00 | 0.08 |
| 21.00 | 1.43 |
| 27.00 | 6.04 |
As can be seen from the graph, the transfer rate is less than 0.5% and the maximum loading is about 17.5 mg/mL. Therefore, the optimum loading of the present invention is 17.5 mg/mL.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The curcumin extraction and purification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, extracting: taking turmeric dry powder, adding ethanol water with volume fraction of more than or equal to 74% for extraction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain primary extract filtrate and primary extract filter residue;
(2) II, extracting: taking the first extraction filter residue, adding ethanol water solution with volume fraction of more than or equal to 74% for extraction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a second extraction filtrate and a second extraction filter residue;
(3) three-stage extraction: taking the second extraction filter residue, adding ethanol water solution with volume fraction of more than or equal to 74% for extraction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain third extraction filtrate and third extraction filter residue;
(4) diluting: diluting the first extract liquid to an ethanol content of no more than 50%;
(5) loading: adsorbing the diluted primary filtrate by a polyamide resin chromatographic column, wherein the loading capacity is not more than 17.5mg/mL, and the sampling flow rate is 1-4 times of the column volume/h;
(6) washing with water to remove impurities: washing the column with 3 times of purified water to remove water-soluble impurities;
(7) alcohol washing to remove impurities: washing the column with 1 time of ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 50-70% of the column volume to remove alcohol-soluble impurities;
(8) desorbing: washing the column with 5 times of ethanol water solution with volume fraction of 60-75%, eluting curcumin on the column, and collecting the eluent;
(9) concentration and crystallization: concentrating the collected eluent to dryness, adding an ethanol water solution, heating and dissolving in a water bath to obtain a saturated solution, crystallizing and separating out at 0-normal temperature, taking crystals, washing and drying to obtain the curcumin.
2. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume fraction of the ethanol aqueous solution used in the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction is 74 to 84 percent.
3. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extraction temperature of the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction is 56-80 ℃, and the extraction time is 1-3 h, 1-2 h and 1h in sequence.
4. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extraction temperature of the first extract, the second extract and the third extract is 62-72 ℃, and the extraction time is 1h respectively.
5. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction is 1: 4-1: 12.
6. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed-liquid ratio of the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction is 1: 6.
7. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step (8), said column is washed with 5 column volumes of 70 ± 5% by volume of ethanol aqueous solution.
8. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (9), the concentrate is dissolved with 50% by volume of aqueous ethanol solution, the crystallization temperature is 20 ℃, and the crystals are washed with 80% by volume of aqueous ethanol solution.
9. The method for extracting and purifying curcumin as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second-extract filtrate of step (2) is used as the extraction solvent of the next second-extract, and said third-extract filtrate of step (3) is used as the extraction solvent of the next second-extract.
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