CN111875460A - Pyrotechnic agent containing potassium nitrate salt and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic agent containing potassium nitrate salt and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111875460A
CN111875460A CN201811199828.9A CN201811199828A CN111875460A CN 111875460 A CN111875460 A CN 111875460A CN 201811199828 A CN201811199828 A CN 201811199828A CN 111875460 A CN111875460 A CN 111875460A
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China
Prior art keywords
kno
binder system
potassium nitrate
screen
nitrate salt
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马俊
王浩静
黄阳飞
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Xi'an Hangke Plasma Technology Co ltd
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Xi'an Hangke Plasma Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN201811199828.9A priority Critical patent/CN111875460A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/04—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
    • C06B21/0025—Compounding the ingredient the ingredient being a polymer bonded explosive or thermic component

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pyrotechnic composition containing potassium nitrate salt and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared from B, KNO3And a binder system consisting of: B/KNO3The mass ratio is (20-30)/(70-80), and the binder system is B and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass; or from Al, KNO3And a binder system; Al/KNO3The mass ratio is (30-40)/(60-70); the binder system is Al and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass; or B, Al, KNO3And a binder system; B/Al/KNO3The mass ratio is 10/(9-19)/(71-81), and the binder system accounts for B, Al and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass. The pyrotechnic agent provided by the invention can generate very high temperature and can generate plasma with higher density after being combusted.

Description

Pyrotechnic agent containing potassium nitrate salt and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pyrotechnic compositions, relates to a pyrotechnic composition formula containing potassium nitrate salt and a preparation method thereof, and aims to provide a medicament formula for generating high-density plasma and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The plasma is a system containing substances with quasi-electroneutrality of free electrons, ions and neutral particles, is different from solid and liquid, is essentially different from the properties of common gas, is another brand new aggregation state of the substances, and the density of the generated plasma meets a certain condition, can reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves to form a radar false target, plays a role in stealth, and therefore has important significance in researching the generation of the plasma.
The plasma generation mainly comprises methods of thermal ionization, gas discharge, laser irradiation, high-power microwave excitation and the like. Among them, thermal ionization is one of the simplest methods for generating plasma. The ionization energy of alkali metal elements in nature is the lowest, but the alkali metal elements can not be easily used for actual operation due to the active chemical characteristics, so the alkali metal salts can be selected as substitutes. However, the plasma density generated by using only alkali metal is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems identified in the background of the invention, the present invention provides a pyrotechnic composition containing a potassium nitrate salt that generates a high temperature and, after combustion, a plasma of higher density, and a method of making the same.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a pyrotechnic composition comprising a potassium nitrate salt characterized in that:
from B, KNO3And a binder system; B/KNO3The mass ratio is (20-30)/(70-80), and the binder system is B and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass;
or from Al, KNO3And a binder system; Al/KNO3The mass ratio is (30-40)/(60-70); the binder system is Al and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass;
or B, Al, KNO3And a binder system; B/Al/KNO3The mass ratio is 10/(9-19)/(71-81), and the binder system accounts for B, Al and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass.
Further, the median particle diameter D of B50Is (7-20) mu m; KNO3Median particle diameter D of50Is (15 to 50) mu m; median diameter D of Al50Is (25 to 30) μm.
Further, the adhesive system is one of unsaturated polyester resin-methyl ethyl ketone peroxide-cobalt naphthenate, polyaziridine glycidyl ether (GAP) -isocyanate (IPDI) or nitrocotton.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pyrotechnic composition containing the potassium nitrate salt, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing B and KNO3，B/KNO3The mass ratio is (20-30)/(70-80);
2) b and KNO3Mixing with a screen to obtain B/KNO3Mixing;
3) weighing a binder system, placing the binder system in a container, adding an organic solvent to uniformly disperse, wherein the mass of the binder is B/KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass of the mixture;
4)B/KNO3the mixture is poured into a container and stirred until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and the stirring is stopped to obtain the pyrotechnic composition containing cesium nitrate salt.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pyrotechnic composition containing the potassium nitrate salt, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) weighing B, Al and KNO3，B/Al/KNO3The mass ratio is 10/(9-19)/(71-81);
2) b, Al and KNO3Mixing with a screen to obtain B/Al/KNO3Mixing;
3) weighing a binder system, placing the binder system in a container, adding an organic solvent to uniformly disperse the binder system, wherein the mass of the binder system is B/Al/KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass of the mixture;
4)B/Al/KNO3the mixture is poured into a container and stirred until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and the stirring is stopped to obtain the pyrotechnic composition containing cesium nitrate salt.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pyrotechnic composition containing the potassium nitrate salt, which comprises the following steps:
1) weighing Al and KNO3，Al/KNO3The mass ratio is (21.69-29.36)/(70.64-78.31);
2) mixing Al and KNO3Mixing with a screen to obtain Al/KNO3Mixing;
3) weighing a binder system, placing the binder system in a container, adding an organic solvent to uniformly disperse, wherein the mass of the binder is Al/KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass of the mixture;
4)Al/KNO3pouring the mixture into a container, stirring untilAnd stopping stirring until the organic solvent is completely volatilized to obtain the pyrotechnic composition containing the cesium nitrate salt.
Further, the adhesive system is one of unsaturated polyester resin-methyl ethyl ketone peroxide-cobalt naphthenate, polyaziridine glycidyl ether (GAP) -isocyanate (IPDI) or nitrocotton.
Further, the step 2) is specifically as follows:
2.1) pouring the weighed substances into a first tray, and uniformly stirring;
2.2) pouring the uniformly mixed powder into a screen, wherein a second tray with the same diameter as the screen is sleeved at the bottom of the screen;
2.3) stirring on the screen by using a scraper till all the powder flows down the screen, taking down the second tray, and sleeving the first tray at the bottom of the screen;
2.4) repeating step 2.3) for a plurality of times.
Further, the median particle diameter D of B50Is (7-20) mu m; CsNO3Median particle diameter D of50Is (15 to 50) mu m; median diameter D of Al50Is (25 to 30) μm.
Further, the screen is 100 meshes, and the screen is mixed for 10-20 times.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the provided pyrotechnic agent can generate high temperature and high density plasma during combustion.
2. The method for preparing the firework formula containing potassium nitrate salt can obtain uniform secondary granulation particles by adjusting the process. The process comprises the following steps: simple operation, safety, reliability, easy realization of industrialization and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron density curve of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electron density curve of example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated by the specific examples set forth below, but is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
2g of 3# nitrocotton dry powder is accurately weighed by an electronic balance, poured into a 150mL beaker, then 30mL of acetone is weighed and poured into the beaker, a ceramic rotor is added, the beaker is sealed by a preservative film and then is placed on a magnetic stirrer for dissolving until the nitrocotton is completely dissolved, and the solution is uniform.
Accurately weigh 10g of boron powder (D) with an electronic balance507 μm), 9g of aluminum powder (D)5025 μm) and 81g potassium nitrate (D)5015 μm) and then poured into a 1# brass tray of 200mm diameter, stirred uniformly with a wooden spoon, then poured onto a 200mm brass sieve (100 mesh), covered with a 200mm 2# brass tray under the sieve, then stirred on a 100 mesh sieve with a horn scraper until all the powder has flowed down the sieve, then covered with a 100 mesh sieve on the 1# brass tray, and the powder in the 2# tray was poured into the sieve and sequentially sieved 10 times. And sieving for later use.
After the nitrocotton is completely dissolved, weighing 35g of mixed powder after sieving for 10 times, pouring the mixed powder into a beaker filled with nitrocotton solution, then putting the wooden chopsticks into the beaker for weighing, stirring, volatilizing the solvent until the mass of the whole beaker is reduced by 21g, and stopping stirring to obtain the potassium nitrate salt-containing formula powder.
Pressing the above formula powder into powder column of phi 25 x 35mm under electric press, placing in engine for ignition test, and measuring electron density at 200mm from nozzle by three-probe system to obtain electron density of 1010～1013/cm3The specific test curve is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
Accurately weigh 10g of boron powder (D) with an electronic balance5020 μm), 19g of powdery aluminum (D)5030 μm) and 71g potassium nitrate (D)5050 μm) and then poured into a 1# brass tray of 200mm diameter, stirred well with a wooden spoon, then poured onto a 200mm brass sieve (100 mesh), covered with a 200mm 2# brass tray, and then stirred on a 100 mesh sieve with a horn scraper until all the powder has flowed down the sieve, and then covered with a 100 mesh sieve over the 1# brass trayOn the tray, pour the powder in tray # 2 into the screen and sieve sequentially 10 times. And sieving for later use.
Weighing 9.8g of unsaturated polyester resin in a 150mL beaker on an electronic balance, adding 0.15g of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, adding 0.05g of cobalt naphthenate, weighing 5mL of ethyl acetate, pouring into the 150mL beaker, recording the weight of 4.2g, stirring for 2-3min with wood chopsticks, weighing 50g of mixed powder sieved for 10 times, pouring into the 150mL beaker, recording the total weight, stirring, volatilizing the solvent until the mass of the whole beaker is reduced by 4g, and stopping stirring to obtain the potassium nitrate-containing formula powder.
Pressing the above formula powder into powder column of phi 25 x 35mm under electric press, loading into engine for ignition test, and measuring electron density at a position 200mm away from the nozzle by using three-probe system to obtain electron density of 1012Nearby, see fig. 2 for a specific test curve.
Example 3
Accurately weigh 30g of boron powder (D) with an electronic balance5012 μm) and 70g potassium nitrate (D)5020 μm) and then poured into a 1# brass tray of 200mm diameter, stirred uniformly with a wooden spoon, then poured onto a 200mm brass sieve (100 mesh), covered with a 200mm 2# brass tray under the sieve, and then stirred on a 100 mesh sieve with a horn scraper until all the powder flowed down the sieve, then covered with a 100 mesh sieve on the 1# brass tray, and the powder in the 2# tray was poured into the sieve and sequentially sieved 10 times. And sieving for later use.
Weighing 2.5g of GAP (GAP phosphate) in a 150mL beaker on an electronic balance, adding 0.25g of IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate), weighing 5mL of tetrahydrofuran, pouring the tetrahydrofuran into the 150mL beaker, recording the weight of 4.2g, stirring the mixture for 2-3min by using chopsticks, weighing 50g of mixed powder after sieving for 10 times, pouring the mixed powder into the 150mL beaker, recording the total weight, stirring the mixed powder, volatilizing the solvent until the mass of the whole beaker is reduced by 4g, and stopping stirring to obtain the potassium nitrate salt-containing formula powder.
Example 4
Accurately weigh 40g of aluminum powder (D) with an electronic balance507 μm) and 60g potassium nitrate
(D5015 μm) and then poured into a 1# brass tray of 200mm diameter, stirred uniformly with a wooden spoon, then poured onto a 200mm brass sieve (100 mesh), covered with a 200mm 2# brass tray under the sieve, then stirred on a 100 mesh sieve with a horn scraper until all the powder has flowed down the sieve, then covered with a 100 mesh sieve on the 1# brass tray, and the powder in the 2# tray was poured into the sieve and sequentially sieved 10 times. And sieving for later use.
Weighing 2.5g of GAP (GAP phosphate) in a 150mL beaker on an electronic balance, adding 0.25g of IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate), weighing 5mL of tetrahydrofuran, pouring the tetrahydrofuran into the 150mL beaker, recording the weight of 4.2g, stirring the mixture for 2-3min by using chopsticks, weighing 50g of mixed powder after sieving for 10 times, pouring the mixed powder into the 150mL beaker, recording the total weight, stirring the mixed powder, volatilizing the solvent until the mass of the whole beaker is reduced by 4g, and stopping stirring to obtain the potassium nitrate salt-containing formula powder.
Example 5
2g of 3# nitrocotton dry powder is accurately weighed by an electronic balance, poured into a 150mL beaker, then 30mL of acetone is weighed and poured into the beaker, a ceramic rotor is added, the beaker is sealed by a preservative film and then is placed on a magnetic stirrer for dissolving until the nitrocotton is completely dissolved, and the solution is uniform.
Accurately weigh 20g of boron powder (D) with an electronic balance5012 μm) and 80g potassium nitrate (D)5019 μm) and then poured into a 1# brass tray of 200mm diameter, stirred uniformly with a wooden spoon, then poured onto a 200mm brass sieve (100 mesh), covered with a 200mm 2# brass tray under the sieve, and then stirred on a 100 mesh sieve with a horn scraper until all the powder flowed down the sieve, then covered with a 100 mesh sieve on the 1# brass tray, and the powder in the 2# tray was poured into the sieve and sequentially sieved 10 times. And sieving for later use.
After the nitrocotton is completely dissolved, weighing 35g of mixed powder after sieving for 10 times, pouring the mixed powder into a beaker filled with nitrocotton solution, then putting the wooden chopsticks into the beaker for weighing, stirring until the solvent is completely volatilized, and stopping stirring to obtain the potassium nitrate salt-containing formula powder.
Example 6
2g of 3# nitrocotton dry powder is accurately weighed by an electronic balance, poured into a 150mL beaker, then 30mL of acetone is weighed and poured into the beaker, a ceramic rotor is added, the beaker is sealed by a preservative film and then is placed on a magnetic stirrer for dissolving until the nitrocotton is completely dissolved, and the solution is uniform.
Accurately weighing 30g of AI powder (D) with an electronic balance5025 μm) and 70g potassium nitrate (D)5015 μm) and then poured into a 1# brass tray of 200mm diameter, stirred uniformly with a wooden spoon, then poured onto a 200mm brass sieve (100 mesh), covered with a 200mm 2# brass tray under the sieve, then stirred on a 100 mesh sieve with a horn scraper until all the powder has flowed down the sieve, then covered with a 100 mesh sieve on the 1# brass tray, and the powder in the 2# tray was poured into the sieve and sequentially sieved 10 times. And sieving for later use.
After the nitrocotton is completely dissolved, weighing 35g of mixed powder after sieving for 10 times, pouring the mixed powder into a beaker filled with nitrocotton solution, then putting the wooden chopsticks into the beaker for weighing, stirring, volatilizing the solvent until the mass of the whole beaker is reduced by 21g, and stopping stirring to obtain the potassium nitrate salt-containing formula powder.

Claims (10)

1. A pyrotechnic composition comprising a potassium nitrate salt characterized by:
from B, KNO3And a binder system; B/KNO3The mass ratio is (20-30)/(70-80), and the binder system is B and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass;
or from Al, KNO3And a binder system; Al/KNO3The mass ratio is (30-40)/(60-70); the binder system is Al and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass;
or B, Al, KNO3And a binder system; B/Al/KNO3The mass ratio is 10/(9-19)/(71-81), and the binder system accounts for B, Al and KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass.
2. A pyrotechnic composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising a potassium nitrate salt wherein:
median diameter D of B50Is (7-20) mu m; KNO3Median particle diameter D of50Is (15 to 50) mu m; median diameter D of Al50Is (25 to 30) μm.
3. A pyrotechnic composition as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 comprising a salt of potassium nitrate in which:
the adhesive system is one of unsaturated polyester resin-methyl ethyl ketone peroxide-cobalt naphthenate, poly nitrogen glycidyl ether (GAP) -isocyanate (IPDI) or nitrocotton.
4. A method of making a pyrotechnic composition comprising a potassium nitrate salt, comprising the steps of:
1) weighing B and KNO3，B/KNO3The mass ratio is (20-30)/(70-80);
2) b and KNO3Mixing with a screen to obtain B/KNO3Mixing;
3) weighing a binder system, placing the binder system in a container, adding an organic solvent to uniformly disperse, wherein the mass of the binder is B/KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass of the mixture;
4)B/KNO3the mixture is poured into a container and stirred until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and the stirring is stopped to obtain the pyrotechnic composition containing cesium nitrate salt.
5. A method of making a pyrotechnic composition comprising a potassium nitrate salt, comprising the steps of:
1) weighing B, Al and KNO3，B/Al/KNO3The mass ratio is 10/(9-19)/(71-81);
2) b, Al and KNO3Mixing with a screen to obtain B/Al/KNO3Mixing;
3) weighing a binder system, placing the binder system in a container, adding an organic solvent to uniformly disperse the binder system, wherein the mass of the binder system is B/Al/KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass of the mixture;
4)B/Al/KNO3the mixture is poured into a container for stirringAnd stopping stirring until the organic solvent is completely volatilized to obtain the pyrotechnic composition containing cesium nitrate salt.
6. A method of making a pyrotechnic composition comprising a potassium nitrate salt, comprising the steps of:
1) weighing Al and KNO3，Al/KNO3The mass ratio is (21.69-29.36)/(70.64-78.31);
2) mixing Al and KNO3Mixing with a screen to obtain Al/KNO3Mixing;
3) weighing a binder system, placing the binder system in a container, adding an organic solvent to uniformly disperse, wherein the mass of the binder is Al/KNO3(5-20)% of the total mass of the mixture;
4)Al/KNO3the mixture is poured into a container and stirred until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and the stirring is stopped to obtain the pyrotechnic composition containing cesium nitrate salt.
7. Method for the preparation of a pyrotechnic composition comprising a potassium nitrate salt according to claim 4 or 5 or 6 characterised in that: the adhesive system is one of unsaturated polyester resin-methyl ethyl ketone peroxide-cobalt naphthenate, poly nitrogen glycidyl ether (GAP) -isocyanate (IPDI) or nitrocotton.
8. Method for the preparation of a pyrotechnic composition comprising a potassium nitrate salt according to claim 4 or 5 or 6 characterised in that: the step 2) is specifically as follows:
2.1) pouring the weighed substances into a first tray, and uniformly stirring;
2.2) pouring the uniformly mixed powder into a screen, wherein a second tray with the same diameter as the screen is sleeved at the bottom of the screen;
2.3) stirring on the screen by using a scraper till all the powder flows down the screen, taking down the second tray, and sleeving the first tray at the bottom of the screen;
2.4) repeating step 2.3) for a plurality of times.
9. Fireworks containing potassium nitrate salts according to claim 4 or 5 or 6The preparation method of the agent is characterized in that: median diameter D of B50Is (7-20) mu m; CsNO3Median particle diameter D of50Is (15 to 50) mu m; median diameter D of Al50Is (25 to 30) μm.
10. A method of forming a potassium nitrate salt-containing pyrotechnic composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein: the screen is 100 meshes, and the screen is mixed for 10-20 times.
CN201811199828.9A 2018-09-26 2018-09-26 Pyrotechnic agent containing potassium nitrate salt and preparation method thereof Pending CN111875460A (en)

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101823927A (en) * 2010-04-16 2010-09-08 陕西庆华汽车安全***有限公司 Aerogenic composition of pretensioner of automobile safety belt and preparation method thereof
CN102173973A (en) * 2010-12-31 2011-09-07 上海东方久乐汽车安全气囊有限公司 Igniter for gas generator of safety gasbag and preparation method thereof
CN111875459A (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-11-03 西安航科等离子体科技有限公司 Pyrotechnic agent containing cesium nitrate salt and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101823927A (en) * 2010-04-16 2010-09-08 陕西庆华汽车安全***有限公司 Aerogenic composition of pretensioner of automobile safety belt and preparation method thereof
CN102173973A (en) * 2010-12-31 2011-09-07 上海东方久乐汽车安全气囊有限公司 Igniter for gas generator of safety gasbag and preparation method thereof
CN111875459A (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-11-03 西安航科等离子体科技有限公司 Pyrotechnic agent containing cesium nitrate salt and preparation method thereof

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