CN111875311B - Anti-freezing concrete and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Anti-freezing concrete and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111875311B CN111875311B CN202010648014.XA CN202010648014A CN111875311B CN 111875311 B CN111875311 B CN 111875311B CN 202010648014 A CN202010648014 A CN 202010648014A CN 111875311 B CN111875311 B CN 111875311B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 70
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a frost resistant concrete and a preparation process thereof in the concrete field, aiming at solving the problem of improving the frost resistance of the concrete, and the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: cement 280-305 parts; 750 portions and 850 portions of fine aggregate; 950 portions of coarse aggregate and 1150 portions; 100 portions of water and 160 portions of water; 1000 portions of water reducing agent and 1100 portions; 25-35 parts of an expanding agent; 80-90 parts of admixture; 15-25 parts of concrete antifreezing agent; 40-60 parts of hydrophilic modified particles, wherein the particle size of the particles is 30-500 nanometers, and the particles are materials which expand with heat and contract with cold; the preparation method comprises the following steps: step one, stirring and uniformly mixing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and admixture in corresponding weight parts to obtain a first mixture; and step two, uniformly mixing water, the hydrophilic modified particles, the water reducing agent, the expanding agent and the concrete antifreezing agent, adding the mixture into the first mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete. The antifreezing concrete in the application has the effect of improving the antifreezing performance of the concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of concrete, in particular to frost-resistant concrete and a preparation process thereof.
Background
When concrete is used as an important building material and is constructed in a region with lower temperature, the activity of water is lower due to the reduction of temperature, the hydration reaction of cement is extremely slow, and the strength development of the concrete cannot meet the requirement. When the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, most of the water in the concrete is frozen. After the water is frozen, the volume expansion of 9 percent is generated, and the concrete structure is permanently damaged; in addition, after the water is frozen, the concrete does not have enough liquid water to participate in the hydration reaction of the cement, and the strength of the concrete is extremely slowly increased or even stopped. The early strength agent or the antifreezing agent is added into the concrete to reduce the freezing point of water, so that the water is not easy to freeze, the hydration effect of the cement is improved, the strength of the concrete has a normal increasing condition, and the frozen critical strength is obtained as soon as possible.
However, the early strength agent and the antifreeze can only be used for pouring and curing concrete in a low-temperature environment, and the concrete still stays in the low-temperature environment for a long time in the use process of the solidified concrete, so that the concrete is easy to freeze in the low-temperature environment, and the building is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, a first object of the present invention is to provide a frost-resistant concrete which has the advantage of improving the frost resistance of the concrete.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing frost-resistant concrete, which has the advantage of improving the frost resistance of the concrete.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the antifreeze concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
cement 280-305 parts;
750 portions and 850 portions of fine aggregate;
950 portions of coarse aggregate and 1150 portions;
100 portions of water and 160 portions of water;
1000 portions of water reducing agent and 1100 portions;
25-35 parts of an expanding agent;
80-90 parts of admixture;
15-25 parts of concrete antifreezing agent;
40-60 parts of hydrophilic modified particles, wherein the particle size of the particles is 30-500 nanometers, and the particles are materials which expand with heat and contract with cold.
By adopting the technical scheme, in order to obtain necessary workability when concrete is prepared, the added mixing water is always more than water for cement hydration, the excessive water is retained in the concrete in the form of free water to form continuous capillary pores, after the concrete is hardened, when the temperature is lower than-1 ℃, the free water begins to freeze, the volume of the frozen water is increased, the water which is not frozen is forced to migrate outwards to generate hydrostatic pressure, and when the hydrostatic pressure is higher than the compressive strength of the concrete, the concrete is damaged. The hydrophilic modified particles are added into the concrete, redundant water except for muddy water is combined with the hydrophilic modified particles to be retained in the concrete to form capillary pores, and the size of the formed capillary pores is hardly influenced due to the small particle size of the particles, so that the compressive strength of the concrete is not reduced; at the moment, free water and hydrophilic modified particles are arranged in the capillary pores, when the temperature is lower than minus 1 ℃, the free water in the capillary pores begins to freeze, the volume of the frozen free water is increased, and meanwhile, the hydrophilic modified particles shrink in the case of being cooled to reduce the volume, so that a space is provided for the increase of the frozen volume of the free water, the acting force on an unfrozen area is reduced, the lower the temperature is, the more the frozen water is, the more the hydrophilic modified particles shrink in the volume, the hydrostatic pressure generated by the capillary pores is reduced, the condition that the hydrostatic pressure in concrete is greater than the compressive strength of the concrete is reduced, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved.
The excessive water is added for improving the mixing workability of concrete, the added hydrophilic modified particles have smaller particle size, the mobility of the concrete can be improved, and the water consumption can be reduced, so that the free water retained in the concrete is reduced, the hydrostatic pressure in the concrete is reduced when the temperature is lower than-1 ℃, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved.
Preferably, the preparation method of the hydrophilic modified microparticle comprises the following steps: and spraying the liquid hydrophilic coating on the surface of the particle, and then airing to obtain the hydrophilic modified particle.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the cladding of hydrophilic coating is on the particle surface, makes that the particle can be better combine coexistence with water to can have more particles in the concrete capillary, make the particle shrink provide the space for free water freezes in the low temperature environment, reduce the hydrostatic pressure in the concrete, improve the frost resistance of concrete.
Preferably, the weight portion of the particle diameter of the particle is more than or equal to 20 portions after subtracting the weight portion of the particle diameter of 201-500 nanometers.
By adopting the technical scheme, due to the action of pore surface tension, the saturated vapor pressure and the freezing point of water in pores with different pore diameters are different, and the smaller the pore diameter is, the smaller the saturated vapor pressure of the water in the pores is, and the lower the freezing point is. Therefore, the particles with smaller particle size are redundant with the particles with larger particle size, more capillary holes with smaller pore size can be formed in the concrete, and the capillary holes with larger particle size are reduced, so that the freezing point of the frozen free water of the concrete is reduced, and the hydrostatic pressure in the concrete can be reduced at the same temperature, so that the frost resistance of the concrete is improved.
Preferably, the particles consist of ceramic particles, steel metal particles.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ceramic particles can better improve the fluidity of concrete, ensure the workability of the concrete and reduce the water consumption of the concrete, thereby reducing the hydrostatic pressure in the concrete at lower temperature and improving the frost resistance of the concrete; the steel metal particles have better contractibility after being cooled, and can provide more spaces for freezing free water after being contracted when the temperature is lower, thereby reducing the hydrostatic pressure in the concrete and improving the frost resistance of the concrete.
Preferably, the steel metal particles are hollow steel metal particles.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the inside air that contains of hollow steel metal particle, the air meets cold back volume and reduces obviously, and the inside pressure of hollow steel metal particle reduces, and hollow steel metal particle is also inwards sunken when meeting cold back self shrink, further reduces the volume of steel metal particle when the temperature is lower, for free water freezes the volume increase and provides more spaces, reduces the inside hydrostatic pressure of concrete, improves the frost resistance of concrete.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of frost-resistant concrete comprises the following steps:
step one, stirring and uniformly mixing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and admixture in corresponding weight parts to obtain a first mixture; and step two, uniformly mixing water, the hydrophilic modified particles, the water reducing agent, the expanding agent and the concrete antifreezing agent, adding the mixture into the first mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hydrophilic modified particles are mixed with the liquid components, the surfaces of the hydrophilic modified particles are coated by the liquid and then mixed with other aggregates, and the liquid coating layer plays a lubricating role, so that the damage of the aggregates to the hydrophilic coating on the surfaces of the particles in the stirring process is reduced, the influence on the combination of the particles and water is reduced, the hydrophilic modified particles in the capillary pores of the concrete are improved, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved.
Preferably, in the second step, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 50-100 ℃, and then mixed with water, a water reducing agent, an expanding agent and a concrete antifreezing agent.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the hydrophilic modified particle has bigger volume after the heating, get rid of the heat loss from preparation to the pouring completion process, the hydrophilic modified particle still has higher temperature, after the complete cooling of hydrophilic modified microballon, the volume of hydrophilic modified microballon diminishes, except free water and hydrophilic modified microballon in the capillary, still there is the space, these spaces also provide the space for the frozen volume increase of free water, further reduce the hydrostatic pressure of concrete inside when the temperature is lower, improve the freeze resistance of concrete.
Preferably, in the second step, the water, the hydrophilic modified particles and the concrete antifreezing agent are uniformly mixed to obtain a second mixture, then the second mixture, the water reducing agent and the expanding agent are uniformly mixed and then added into the first mixture, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete.
By adopting the technical scheme, water and the concrete antifreezing agent are mixed with the hydrophilic modified particles, so that the hydrophilic modified particles are combined with enough water, the influence of other components on the combination process is reduced when the hydrophilic modified particles are combined with the water, other components attached to the surfaces of the hydrophilic modified particles are also reduced, the influence on the function exertion of the additive is reduced, the quality of the concrete is improved, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved. The concrete antifreezing agent can also lower the freezing point of water, and further improve the frost resistance of the concrete.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the hydrophilic modified particles are added into the concrete, after the concrete is hardened, free water and the hydrophilic modified particles exist in capillary holes of the concrete, and when the temperature is lower than minus 1 ℃, the shrinkage volume of the hydrophilic modified particles is reduced to provide space for the increase of the freezing volume of the free water, so that the hydrostatic pressure generated by the capillary holes is reduced, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved;
2. ceramic particles and steel metal particles are used as raw materials of the hydrophilic modified particles, so that the water consumption of the concrete can be reduced, more space can be provided for freezing free water in capillary pores, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved;
3. the water is mixed with the hydrophilic modified particles and then mixed with other raw materials of the concrete, so that the hydrophilic modified particles can combine with enough water, the influence on the function of the additive is reduced, the quality of the concrete is improved, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1: the antifreeze concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight as shown in Table 1, and is prepared by the following steps:
step one, stirring and uniformly mixing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and admixture in corresponding weight parts to obtain a first mixture;
and step two, uniformly mixing water, the hydrophilic modified particles, the water reducing agent, the expanding agent and the concrete antifreezing agent, adding the mixture into the first mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete. The preparation method of the hydrophilic modified particles comprises the following steps: and spraying the liquid hydrophilic coating on the surface of the particle, and then airing to obtain the hydrophilic modified particle.
In this embodiment, the particles are glass powder, wherein the weight parts of the particles with a particle size of 30-200 and a particle size of 201-500 are shown in Table 1. The liquid hydrophilic coating was a model WSC100 hydrophilic coating from the SCSeries coatings. The cement is ordinary portland cement, the fine aggregate is medium sand, the coarse aggregate is broken stone, and the admixture is fly ash. The units kg/m3 in Table 1 are units of parts by weight of the raw materials required for the antifreeze concrete according to the application.
Examples 2 to 7: the antifreeze concrete is different from the concrete in example 1 in that the raw material components and the corresponding parts by weight are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-7 each starting material and parts by weight thereof
Example 8: an antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete of the embodiment 1 in that the particles are a mixture of ceramic particles and steel metal particles, wherein in the embodiment, the ceramic particles and the steel metal particles with the particle size of 30-200 nanometers are 12.5kg/m3The ceramic particles and the steel metal particles with the particle size of 201-500 nanometers are both 12.5kg/m3。
Example 9: frost resistant concrete, different from example 8Characterized in that the ceramic particles and the steel metal particles having a particle size of 30 to 200 nm are 10kg/m, respectively3And 15kg/m3The ceramic particles and the steel metal particles with the particle size of between 201-500 nm are respectively 10kg/m3And 15kg/m3。
Example 10: an antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete of the embodiment 8 in that the ceramic particles and the steel metal particles with the particle size of 30-200 nm are respectively 15kg/m3And 10kg/m3The ceramic particles and the steel metal particles with the particle size of between 201-500 nm are respectively 15kg/m3And 10kg/m3。
Example 11: a frost resistant concrete, differing from example 8 in that the particles are ceramic particles.
Example 12: a frost resistant concrete, differing from example 8 in that the particles are steel metal particles.
Example 13: a frost resistant concrete, differing from example 8 in that the steel metal particles are hollow steel metal particles.
Example 14: the difference between the antifreezing concrete and the example 1 is that in the second step, water, hydrophilic modified particles and the concrete antifreezing agent are uniformly mixed to obtain a second mixture, then the second mixture, the water reducing agent and the expanding agent are uniformly mixed and then added into the first mixture, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete.
Example 15: the difference between the antifreeze concrete and the embodiment 1 is that in the second step, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 80 ℃, and then are mixed with water, a water reducing agent, an expanding agent and a concrete antifreezing agent.
Example 16A frost resistant concrete, different from example 1, in step two, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 50 ℃ before being mixed with water, water reducing agent, expanding agent and concrete antifreezer.
Example 17: the difference between the antifreeze concrete and the embodiment 1 is that in the second step, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 100 ℃, and then are mixed with water, a water reducing agent, an expanding agent and a concrete antifreezing agent.
Comparative example 1: the difference between the antifreeze concrete and the concrete in the embodiment 1 is that no hydrophilic modified particles are added in the step two.
Comparative example 2: the difference between the antifreeze concrete and the embodiment 1 is that the part by weight of the hydrophilic modified particles added in the step two is 35kg/m3。
Comparative example 3: the difference between the antifreeze concrete and the embodiment 1 is that the part by weight of the hydrophilic modified particles added in the step two is 65kg/m3。
Comparative example 4: an antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete of example 1 in that the particle size of the particles is less than 30 nm.
Comparative example 5: the antifreeze concrete is different from the embodiment 1 in that the particle size of the particles is 501-1000 nm
Comparative example 6: an antifreeze concrete, which is different from the concrete of example 1 in that the particles are metallic antimony particles.
Comparative example 7: the antifreeze concrete is different from the antifreeze concrete in the embodiment 1, in the first step, cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, hydrophilic modified particles and admixture in corresponding parts by weight are stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain a first mixture;
and step two, uniformly mixing water, the water reducing agent, the expanding agent and the concrete antifreezing agent, adding the mixture into the first mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete.
Comparative example 8: a difference between the antifreeze concrete and the embodiment 13 is that in the second step, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 30 ℃ and then mixed with water, a water reducing agent, an expanding agent and a concrete antifreezing agent.
Comparative example 9: the difference between the antifreeze concrete and the embodiment 1 is that in the second step, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 200 ℃ and then mixed with water, a water reducing agent, an expanding agent and a concrete antifreezing agent.
Test-compressive Strength test
Test samples: as test samples 1, 13, 15 and control sample 1, test samples 150 mm. times.150 mm concrete test pieces made of the antifreeze concrete obtained in examples 1, 13, 15 and comparative example 1 were used.
The test instrument: concrete compression strength testing machine.
The test method comprises the following steps: the samples were placed in a standard curing box for 28 days and measured using a concrete compression strength tester.
And (3) test results: the compressive strengths of test sample 1, test sample 13, test sample 15 and control sample 1 are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 test results of compressive Strength test of test samples 1, 13, 15 and control sample 1
| Sample (I) | 28d compressive strength/MPa |
| Test sample 1 | 56.5 |
| Test sample 13 | 56.4 |
| Test sample 15 | 56.5 |
| Control sample 1 | 55.7 |
As can be seen from Table 2, after the hydrophilic modified particles are added to the concrete raw material, the compressive strength of the prepared concrete meets the compressive strength requirement of the concrete test block under the standard condition, and the added hydrophilic modified particles hardly affect the compressive strength of the concrete under the standard condition.
Test-anti-freezing Performance test
Test samples: as test samples 1 to 27, 150 mm. times.150 mm concrete test pieces made of the antifreeze concretes obtained in examples 1 to 17 were used, and as control samples 1 to 9, 150 mm. times.150 mm concrete test pieces made of the antifreeze concretes obtained in comparative examples 1 to 9 were used.
The test method comprises the following steps: placing all samples in a standard curing box for curing for 28 days, soaking all samples in water with the water temperature of 15-20 ℃ for 24 hours, wherein the water surface is 20mm higher than the top surface of the sample when soaking, taking out and wiping the surface, testing the compressive strength P1 and the mass m3, placing the samples in a quick refrigerator for a freeze-thaw cycle number test, testing the compressive strength P2 and m4 after 25 cycles, calculating the compressive strength loss rate after 25 times of freeze thawing resistance by using (P1-P2)/P1 multiplied by 100%, and calculating the mass loss rate after 25 times of freeze thawing resistance by using (m3-m4)/m3 multiplied by 100%.
And (3) test results: the compressive strength loss rate and the mass loss rate of the test samples 1 to 17 and the control samples 1 to 9 are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 results of the Freeze resistance test for test samples 1-17 and control samples 1-9
As can be seen from Table 3, the test samples 1, 2 and 3 were compared with the control samples 1, 2 and 3, and 40 to 60kg/m of the concrete material was added3The concrete prepared by the hydrophilic modified particles has smaller compressive strength loss rate and mass loss rate after freeze-thaw test; when the hydrophilic modified particles are not added into the concrete raw material of the control sample 1, the compressive strength loss rate and the mass loss rate of the concrete after the freeze-thaw test are higher; when the amount of the hydrophilic modified fine particles added to the concrete raw material of the control sample 2 was less than 40kg/m3In time, the compressive strength loss rate of concrete after freeze-thaw test andthe mass loss rate is high, and the freezing resistance is poor; when the amount of the hydrophilic modified fine particles added to the concrete raw material of the control sample 3 is more than 60kg/m3In the process, the compressive strength loss rate and the quality loss rate of the concrete are not continuously reduced after the freeze-thaw test; therefore, it can be stated that 40-60kg/m is added to the concrete raw material3After the hydrophilic modified particles, free water in the capillary pores of the concrete begins to freeze in a low-temperature environment, the volume of the frozen free water is increased, the volume of the hydrophilic modified particles is reduced when the hydrophilic modified particles contract when being cooled, a space is provided for increasing the freezing volume of the free water, the hydrostatic pressure inside the concrete is reduced, and the concrete has better frost resistance.
As can be seen from table 3, when the test samples 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were compared, the loss rate of compressive strength and the loss rate of quality after the freeze-thaw test of the test samples 6 and 7 were smaller than those of the test samples 1, 4, and 5. Therefore, the particles with smaller particle size are redundant with the particles with larger particle size, more capillary holes with smaller pore size can be formed in the concrete, and the capillary holes with larger particle size are reduced, so that the freezing point of the frozen free water of the concrete is reduced, and the hydrostatic pressure in the concrete can be reduced at the same temperature, so that the frost resistance of the concrete is improved.
As can be seen from Table 3, when the test sample 1, the control sample 4 and the control sample 5 are compared, the compressive strength loss rate and the mass loss rate of the control sample 4 and the test sample 1 are almost consistent, so that the frost resistance of the concrete cannot be continuously improved by continuously reducing the particle size of the particles, and the compressive strength loss rate and the mass loss rate of the control sample 5 are increased compared with the test sample 1, which indicates that the frost resistance of the concrete is reduced by the particles with too large particle size.
As can be seen from Table 3, when the test sample 1 and the control sample 6 are compared, the metallic antimony does not belong to the material of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, the particles used in the control sample 6 are metallic antimony, and the control sample 6 has a large loss rate of compressive strength and mass loss rate and poor freezing resistance after a freeze-thaw test, which indicates that the hydrophilic modified particles of expansion with heat and contraction with cold are added to improve the freezing resistance of concrete.
As can be seen from Table 3, when the test samples 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 were compared, the test samples 8, 9 and 10 showed a smaller loss in compressive strength and a smaller loss in quality after the freeze-thaw test, and the particles of the test samples 8, 9 and 10 were a mixture of ceramic particles and steel metal particles, and the resulting concrete had a higher frost resistance than the frost resistance of the concrete when only glass powder, only ceramic particles and only steel metal particles were used. After the freeze-thaw test, the test sample 9 has the minimum compressive strength loss rate and the minimum quality loss rate, the content of the steel metal particles in the particles of the test sample 9 is greater than the content of the ceramic particles, and the frost resistance of the obtained concrete is greater than the frost resistance when the content of the steel metal particles is less than or equal to the content of the ceramic particles.
As can be seen from Table 3, when the test sample 8 and the test sample 13 are compared, the loss rate of the compressive strength and the loss rate of the quality of the test sample 13 after the freeze-thaw test are smaller, the steel metal particles of the test sample 13 are hollow steel metal particles, and the frost resistance of the test sample 13 is better, which indicates that the hydrostatic pressure in the concrete can be further reduced by using the hollow steel metal particles, and the frost resistance of the concrete is improved.
As can be seen from table 3, the test samples 1 and 14 are compared with the control sample 7, the control sample 7 is concrete prepared by mixing hydrophilic modified particles and aggregates, and the control sample 7 has a large compressive strength loss rate and a large mass loss rate and a poor freezing resistance after a freeze-thaw test; the test sample 1 is concrete prepared by simultaneously mixing the hydrophilic modified particles, water and the additive, and the compression strength loss rate and the quality loss rate of the test sample 1 after the freeze-thaw test are lower than those of a control sample 7, so that the freeze resistance is improved; the test sample 14 is prepared by mixing water, hydrophilic modified particles and a concrete antifreezing agent with other raw materials, and the loss rate of the compressive strength and the loss rate of the mass of the test sample 14 after the freeze-thaw test are smaller than those of the test sample 1, so that the freezing resistance is improved.
As can be seen from Table 3, test samples 1, 15, 16, 17 and control samples 8, 9 were compared. The test samples 15, 16 and 17 are prepared by heating the hydrophilic modified particles to 50-100 ℃, then mixing the hydrophilic modified particles with cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and admixture, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the loss rate of compressive strength and the loss rate of quality of the test samples 15, 16 and 17 after freeze-thaw test are less than those of the test sample 1 and the control sample 8, and the heating temperature of the control sample reaches 200 ℃. The over-high temperature of the particles affects the preparation of concrete mixing, and the frost resistance of the concrete is reduced. Therefore, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 50-100 ℃, and then are mixed with the cement, the fine aggregate, the coarse aggregate and the admixture, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly, so that the frost resistance of the concrete can be improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A frost resistant concrete characterized by: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: cement 280-305 parts; 750 portions and 850 portions of fine aggregate; 950 portions of coarse aggregate and 1150 portions; 100 portions of water and 160 portions of water; 1000 portions of water reducing agent and 1100 portions; 25-35 parts of an expanding agent; 80-90 parts of admixture; 15-25 parts of concrete antifreezing agent; 40-60 parts of hydrophilic modified particles, wherein the particle size of the particles is 30-500 nanometers, and the particles are materials which expand with heat and contract with cold;
the preparation method of the hydrophilic modified particles comprises the following steps: spraying a liquid hydrophilic coating on the surface of the particle and then airing to obtain a hydrophilic modified particle; the particles are composed of ceramic particles and steel metal particles; the steel metal particles are hollow steel metal particles.
2. Frost resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight portion of the particle diameter of the particle is more than or equal to 20 portions by subtracting the weight portion of the particle diameter of 201-500 nanometers from 30-200 nanometers.
3. A method of producing frost-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: step one, stirring and uniformly mixing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and admixture in corresponding weight parts to obtain a first mixture; and step two, uniformly mixing water, the hydrophilic modified particles, the water reducing agent, the expanding agent and the concrete antifreezing agent, adding the mixture into the first mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete.
4. A method of producing frost-resistant concrete according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the second step, the hydrophilic modified particles are heated to 50-100 ℃, and then mixed with water, a water reducing agent, an expanding agent and a concrete antifreezing agent.
5. A method of producing frost-resistant concrete according to claim 3, characterized in that: and in the second step, firstly, uniformly mixing the water, the hydrophilic modified particles and the concrete antifreezing agent to obtain a second mixture, then, uniformly mixing the second mixture, the water reducing agent and the expanding agent, then, adding the mixture into the first mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain the antifreezing and antifreezing concrete.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0417064A2 (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1991-03-13 | ASAMER & GROSS TRANSPORTBETON Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Building element, process for its fabrication, mixture as well as cement for the fabrication of this mixture and this element |
| CN109437721A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-08 | 石家庄市筑鑫混凝土有限公司 | A kind of frost-resistant concrete and its processing technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0417064A2 (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1991-03-13 | ASAMER & GROSS TRANSPORTBETON Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Building element, process for its fabrication, mixture as well as cement for the fabrication of this mixture and this element |
| CN109437721A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-08 | 石家庄市筑鑫混凝土有限公司 | A kind of frost-resistant concrete and its processing technology |
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