CN111874138A - Safety voltage-controlled switch circuit of electric vehicle - Google Patents

Safety voltage-controlled switch circuit of electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111874138A
CN111874138A CN202010730484.0A CN202010730484A CN111874138A CN 111874138 A CN111874138 A CN 111874138A CN 202010730484 A CN202010730484 A CN 202010730484A CN 111874138 A CN111874138 A CN 111874138A
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China
Prior art keywords
triode
voltage
circuit
collector
resistor
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CN202010730484.0A
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CN111874138B (en
Inventor
陶永连
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Nanchang Bafang New Energy Vehicle Co ltd
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Nanchang Bafang New Energy Vehicle Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J27/00—Safety equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62H—CYCLE STANDS; SUPPORTS OR HOLDERS FOR PARKING OR STORING CYCLES; APPLIANCES PREVENTING OR INDICATING UNAUTHORIZED USE OR THEFT OF CYCLES; LOCKS INTEGRAL WITH CYCLES; DEVICES FOR LEARNING TO RIDE CYCLES
    • B62H5/00—Appliances preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of cycles; Locks integral with cycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J6/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices on cycles; Mounting or supporting thereof; Circuits therefor
    • B62J6/01—Electric circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J6/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices on cycles; Mounting or supporting thereof; Circuits therefor
    • B62J6/05—Direction indicators
    • B62J6/055—Electrical means, e.g. lamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62L—BRAKES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES
    • B62L3/00—Brake-actuating mechanisms; Arrangements thereof
    • B62L3/02—Brake-actuating mechanisms; Arrangements thereof for control by a hand lever
    • B62L3/026—Brake-actuating mechanisms; Arrangements thereof for control by a hand lever actuation by a turning handle or handlebar

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety voltage-controlled switch circuit of an electric vehicle, which comprises a main power supply, a controller, a converter, a voltage-controlled power supply circuit, a voltage-controlled switch circuit, a restart circuit and a brake power supply circuit; the main power supply supplies power to the whole voltage-controlled switching circuit through a power main line, the power main line is connected with a constant-voltage main line through the converter, meanwhile, the power main line is also connected with the controller through an electric gate line to supply power to the controller, a phase line and a brake power-off line are also connected to the controller, the controller stops working when the brake power-off line is grounded, the output voltage of the phase line can be zero when the controller stops working, the output voltage of the phase line is also zero when the electric vehicle stops moving, and the phase line is connected with the voltage-controlled power supply circuit; and the brake power-off wire is grounded in a brake state. The invention improves the safety of the electric vehicle by designing the voltage-controlled switch circuit of the electric vehicle, and when a driver leaves temporarily and forgets to pull out a vehicle key, the electric vehicle can not be started by pulling the starting handle of the electric vehicle, thereby ensuring the safety of children and pedestrians.

Description

Safety voltage-controlled switch circuit of electric vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of electric vehicles, in particular to a safety voltage-controlled switching circuit of an electric vehicle.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people in China, the automobile holding capacity of residents is correspondingly improved, the road congestion problem is serious day by day, and the price of automobile fuel oil is continuously increased, so that a large number of people select electric vehicles as main transportation tools during daily commuting, riding instead of walking and leisure and entertainment. The electric vehicle has the characteristics of portability, easiness in operation and control, environmental protection, lower purchasing cost and the like, is favored in cities and towns, and more workers engaged in related industries also select the electric vehicle as a main travel tool along with the rapid development of life distribution and logistics industries. On one hand, the electric vehicle occupies a certain proportion in the economic market of China and is long-term, and on the other hand, the actual problems brought by the electric vehicle are rare.
The electric motor car that uses at present does not all contain self-locking function, also promptly leaves when navigating mate temporarily, parks the electric motor car roadside and forgets when pulling out the car key, and the auto-lock can not take place for the electric motor car, and if there is children this moment because curiosity or when the tough skin accident pulls the electric motor car start handle, the electric motor car can start, causes passerby or children's injury very easily. This is quite common in real life and urgently needs to be solved, but the prior art temporarily does not provide a solution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a safety voltage-controlled switch circuit of an electric vehicle, which comprises a main power supply, a controller, a converter and the following sub-circuits:
the brake power supply circuit is connected with the voltage-controlled power supply circuit, and the brake power supply circuit has output voltage when the electric vehicle is in a brake state;
the voltage-controlled power supply circuit is connected with the delay circuit and the voltage-controlled switching circuit; when the voltage-controlled power supply circuit has input voltage, the delay circuit keeps certain electric energy, and simultaneously outputs voltage to the voltage-controlled switch circuit;
the delay circuit is used for storing certain electric energy and is connected with the voltage-controlled switch circuit, and when the voltage output by the voltage-controlled power supply circuit is zero, the delay circuit outputs voltage to the voltage-controlled switch circuit until the electric energy is exhausted;
the voltage-controlled switch circuit is connected with the locking circuit, and when the input voltage of the voltage-controlled switch circuit is zero, the locking circuit is controlled to lock the electric vehicle;
the locking circuit is used for locking the electric vehicle, so that the electric vehicle cannot be started by twisting a starting handle of the electric vehicle and/or pushing the electric vehicle;
the restarting circuit is used for unlocking the electric vehicle and enabling the controller to start working again;
the main power supply passes through the power thread and supplies power for whole voltage-controlled switch circuit, the power thread passes through the constant voltage thread is connected to the converter, and the power thread still connects through the electric door line simultaneously the controller supplies power for the controller, still be connected with phase line and brake outage line on the controller, the controller stop work when the brake outage line ground connection, when the electric motor car stops motionless, phase line output voltage also is zero, and the phase line is connected voltage-controlled supply circuit.
Furthermore, the voltage-controlled switch circuit also comprises a locking reminding circuit, and when the delay circuit is used up to store the electric energy and the electric vehicle is locked, an alarm is given out to remind a driver of paying attention.
Furthermore, the brake power supply circuit comprises a serial circuit which is sequentially connected in series with a ninth resistor (R9), a tenth resistor (R10) and an eleventh resistor (R11), one end of the serial circuit is connected with the constant voltage main line, the other end of the serial circuit is grounded, a line between the ninth resistor (R9) and the tenth resistor (R10) is externally connected with a brake switch, and the other end of the brake switch is grounded; the brake power-off line is also connected with one end of the brake switch, which is connected with a ninth resistor (R9), through a diode, and the diode enables current to flow from the brake power-off line to the brake switch in a single direction; a circuit between the tenth resistor (R10) and the eleventh resistor (R11) is externally connected with a base electrode of a seventh triode (Q7), a collector electrode of the seventh triode (Q7) is connected with the constant voltage main line through a twelfth resistor (R12), an emitter electrode of the seventh triode (Q7) is grounded, and a collector electrode of the seventh triode (Q8) is also connected with a base electrode of an eighth triode (Q8); the collector of the eighth triode (Q8) is connected with a constant voltage main line, and the emitter of the eighth triode (Q8) is connected with the first resistor (R1).
Furthermore, the voltage-controlled power supply circuit comprises a first resistor (R1) connected to the phase line, a second resistor (R2) connected to the constant-voltage main line and a first triode (Q1), the other ends of the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) are respectively connected to the base and the collector of the first triode (Q1), and the emitter of the first triode (Q1) is grounded; the collector of the first triode (Q1) is also connected with the base of a second triode (Q2), the collector of the second triode (Q2) is connected to the constant-voltage main line through a resistor, and the emitter of the second triode (Q2) is grounded; the collector of the second triode (Q2) is also connected with the base of a third triode (Q3), the collector of the third triode (Q3) is connected with the constant voltage main line, and the emitter of the third triode (Q3) is connected with a delay circuit; the delay circuit is connected with the voltage-controlled switch circuit, and when the third triode (Q3) is not conducted, the delay circuit ensures that the voltage output by the voltage-controlled switch circuit is not self-locked within a certain time; the delay circuit can be charged when the third transistor (Q3) is turned on and the delay circuit energy storage is not full.
Furthermore, the time delay circuit comprises a fifth resistor (R5) and a first capacitor (C1) which are connected in parallel, one end of the parallel circuit of the fifth resistor (R5) and the first capacitor (C1) is grounded, and the other end of the parallel circuit is simultaneously connected with an emitter of the third triode (Q3) and the voltage-controlled switch circuit.
Furthermore, the voltage-controlled switch circuit comprises a fourth triode (Q4), the base of the fourth triode (Q4) is connected with the delay circuit, the collector of the fourth triode (Q4) is connected with the constant-voltage main line through a seventh resistor (R7), the emitter is grounded, and the collector of the fourth triode (Q4) is also connected with the base of a fifth triode (Q5); the collector of the fifth triode (Q5) is connected with the constant voltage main line through an eighth resistor (R8), the emitter of the fifth triode is grounded, and the collector of the fifth triode is also connected with the base of a sixth triode (Q6); and the collector electrode of the sixth triode (Q6) is connected with the constant voltage main line through an electromagnetic coil of the relay, and the emitter electrode of the sixth triode is grounded.
Furthermore, the locking reminding circuit comprises a left steering lamp and a right steering lamp of the electric vehicle which are connected in parallel, one end of a parallel circuit of the left steering lamp and the right steering lamp is connected with the constant voltage main line through a first normally closed switch of the relay, and the other end of the parallel circuit is grounded.
Further, the delay circuit is connected with the base of the fourth triode (Q4) through a sixth resistor (R6).
Further, the locking circuit comprises a thirteenth polar tube (Q10) and a ninth polar tube (Q9), wherein the collector electrode of the fourth polar tube (Q4) is connected in series with the base electrode of the thirteenth polar tube (Q10) and the base electrode of the ninth polar tube (Q9), the emitter electrodes of the thirteenth polar tube (Q10) and the ninth polar tube (Q9) are grounded, the collector electrode of the thirteenth polar tube (Q10) is connected with the brake wire, and the collector electrode of the ninth polar tube (Q9) is connected with the base electrode of the first polar tube (Q1).
Furthermore, the restarting circuit comprises a first restarting switch (K1) and a second restarting switch (K2) which are connected in series, one end of the restarting circuit is grounded, and the other end of the restarting circuit is connected to the base electrode of the second triode (Q2).
Furthermore, the first restart switch (K1) adopts a single-pole double-throw switch, the fixed end of the first restart switch (K1) is connected in series with the second restart switch (K2), and the two movable ends are respectively connected with the base of the second triode (Q2) and the base of the thirteenth triode (Q10).
Further, the locking circuit comprises a ninth triode (Q9) and a first normally open switch (LK1) of a relay, the first normally open switch (LK1) is installed on the electric gate line, the first normally open switch (LK1) is closed when a coil of the relay is electrified, and a collector electrode of the fourth triode (Q4) is connected with a base electrode of the ninth triode (Q9) in series; the emitter of the ninth triode (Q9) is grounded, and the collector is connected to the base of the first triode (Q1).
Further, the restart circuit comprises a remote control signal receiving head and a fifteenth triode (Q15), wherein the remote control signal receiving head can output voltage when receiving a remote control signal, and the remote control signal receiving head is connected with the base electrode of the fifteenth triode (Q15) through a resistor; the collector of the fifteenth triode (Q15) is connected with the base of the second triode (Q2), and the emitter is grounded.
Further, the restart circuit comprises a self-locking sub-circuit and a third restart switch, the converter and the constant voltage main line are connected through a second electric gate switch, the self-locking sub-circuit comprises an eleventh triode (Q11), a twelfth triode (Q12), a thirteenth triode (Q13), a fourteenth triode (Q14) and a series circuit, the constant voltage main line is respectively connected with a collector of the fourteenth triode (Q14), a collector of the thirteenth triode (Q13) through a seventeenth resistor (R17), and a collector of the twelfth triode (Q12) through a sixteenth resistor (R16), a base of the fourteenth triode (Q14) is connected with a collector of the thirteenth triode (Q13), a base of the thirteenth triode (Q13) is connected with a collector of the twelfth triode (Q12), one end of the series circuit is connected with the constant voltage main line, the other end of the series circuit is sequentially connected with a second normally open switch (LK2), a fifteenth resistor (R15) and a fourteenth resistor (R14) of the relay in series and then is grounded, an emitter of a fourteenth triode (Q14) is connected between the second normally open switch (LK2) and the fifteenth resistor (R15) of the series circuit, emitters of a twelfth triode (Q12) and a thirteenth triode (Q13) are grounded, and a base of the twelfth triode (Q12) is connected between the fifteenth resistor (R15) and the fourteenth resistor (R14) of the series circuit; the base electrode of the eleventh triode (Q11) is connected with the collector electrode of the twelfth triode (Q12), and the emitter electrode of the eleventh triode is grounded; the third restart switch adopts a single-pole double-throw switch, the fixed end of the third restart switch is connected with the collector of the eleventh triode (Q11) in series, and the two movable ends are respectively connected with the base of the second triode (Q2) and the base of the ninth triode (Q9).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the electric vehicle locking circuit is designed, so that the safety of the electric vehicle is improved, when a driver leaves temporarily and forgets to pull out a vehicle key, the electric vehicle is self-locked after a period of time, and at the moment, if a child accidentally pulls the electric vehicle starting handle because of curiosity or stubborn skin, the electric vehicle cannot be started, so that the safety of the child and pedestrians is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a safety voltage-controlled switch circuit for an electric vehicle, which includes a main power source, a controller, a converter and several sub-circuits. The main power supply supplies power to the whole voltage-controlled switch circuit through a power supply main line, the power supply main line is connected with a constant voltage main line through a converter, and the constant voltage main line outputs a constant voltage of 12V. Meanwhile, the power main line is connected with the controller through an electric door line to supply power to the controller, and the controller can be a conventional electric vehicle controller. The controller is also connected with a phase line and a brake broken wire, when the brake broken wire is grounded, the controller stops working, when the electric vehicle stops, the output voltage of the phase line is zero, and when the controller stops working, the electric vehicle cannot be started or accelerated by twisting a starting handle; otherwise, when the brake power-off wire is not grounded, the controller works normally, and when the controller works and the electric vehicle stops, the output voltage of the phase line is zero. Wherein the plurality of sub-circuits comprises:
the voltage-controlled power supply circuit comprises a first resistor R1 connected on the phase line, a second resistor R2 connected on the constant-voltage main line and a first triode Q1. The first resistor R1 is connected to the phase line through a thirteenth resistor R13, the other ends of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are respectively connected to the base and the collector of the first triode Q1, and the emitter of the first triode Q1 is grounded. The collector of the first triode Q1 is also connected with the base of a second triode Q2, the collector of the second triode Q2 is connected with the constant-voltage main line through a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4, and the emitter of the second triode Q2 is grounded. The third resistor R3 is a resistor with adjustable resistance, and the charging current of the first capacitor C1 in the delay circuit can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the third resistor R3, so that the time required for filling the delay circuit is adjusted. The collector of the second triode Q2 is also connected with the base of a third triode Q3. The collector of the third triode Q3 is connected with the constant voltage main line, and the emitter of the third triode Q3 is connected with a time delay circuit. The delay circuit is connected with the voltage-controlled switch circuit, and when the third triode Q3 is not conducted, the delay circuit ensures that the voltage output by the voltage-controlled switch circuit is not self-locked within a certain time. The delay circuit can be charged when the third transistor Q3 is turned on and the delay circuit energy storage is not full. The delay circuit can be realized by any circuit capable of being charged and discharged quickly, and the embodiment provides a scheme of the delay circuit: the time delay circuit comprises a fifth resistor R5 and a first capacitor C1 which are connected in parallel, one end of a parallel circuit of the fifth resistor R5 and the first capacitor C1 is grounded, and the other end of the parallel circuit is simultaneously connected with an emitter of a third triode Q3 and the voltage-controlled switch circuit. By setting the capacitance of the first capacitor C1, the time required for the first capacitor C1 to complete discharging without charging the first capacitor C1, that is, the time required for the third transistor Q3 to discharge the optical voltage-controlled switch circuit to lock the electric vehicle after turning off the first capacitor C1 can be set, which is set to 10s in this embodiment.
The voltage-controlled switch circuit comprises a fourth triode Q4, and the base of the fourth triode Q4 is connected with the delay circuit through a sixth resistor R6. The collector of the fourth triode Q4 is connected with the constant voltage main line through a seventh resistor R7, the emitter is grounded, and the collector of the fourth triode Q4 is also connected with the base of the fifth triode Q5. The collector of the fifth triode Q5 is connected with the constant voltage main line through an eighth resistor R8, the emitter is grounded, and the collector is also connected with the base of a sixth triode Q6. And the collector electrode of the sixth triode Q6 is connected with the constant voltage main line through an electromagnetic coil of the relay, and the emitter electrode of the sixth triode Q6 is grounded.
And the locking circuit comprises a thirteenth polar tube Q10 and a ninth polar tube Q9, wherein the collector electrode of the fourth polar tube Q4 is also connected in series with the base electrode of the thirteenth polar tube Q10 and the base electrode of the ninth polar tube Q9, the emitter electrodes of the thirteenth polar tube Q10 and the ninth polar tube Q9 are both grounded, the collector electrode of the thirteenth polar tube Q10 is connected with the brake wire, and the collector electrode of the ninth polar tube Q9 is connected with the base electrode of the first polar tube Q1.
The restart circuit comprises a first restart switch K1 and a second restart switch K2 which are connected in series with each other. One end of a second restart switch K2 in the restart circuit is grounded. The first restart switch K1 adopts a single-pole double-throw switch, the fixed end of the first restart switch K1 is connected in series with the second restart switch K2, and the two movable ends are respectively connected with the base electrode of the second triode Q2 and the base electrode of the thirteenth triode Q10.
The brake power supply circuit is used for ensuring that the electric vehicle is not locked although the electric vehicle is still when a driver pinches the brake after waiting for the traffic light. This circuit is including concatenating the series circuit that ninth resistance R9, tenth resistance R10 and eleventh resistance R11 constitute in proper order, one end of series circuit connects the constant voltage thread, other end ground connection, the external brake switch of circuit between ninth resistance R9 and the tenth resistance R10, brake switch's other end ground connection, when the driver pinches the brake handle, brake switch is closed. The brake power-off line is also connected with one end of the brake switch connected with the ninth resistor R9 through a diode, and the diode enables current to flow from the brake power-off line to the brake switch in a single direction. A base electrode of a seventh triode Q7 is connected outside a circuit between the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, a collector electrode of the seventh triode Q7 is connected with the constant voltage main line through a twelfth resistor R12, an emitter electrode of the seventh triode Q7 is grounded, and a collector electrode of the seventh triode Q7 is also connected with a base electrode of an eighth triode Q8. The collector of the eighth triode Q8 is connected to the constant voltage main line, and the emitter is connected to the first resistor R1.
Optionally, according to the requirement, the voltage-controlled switch circuit of the present invention may further be designed with a locking reminding circuit, which includes a left and a right turn signal lamps of the electric vehicle connected in parallel, one end of the parallel circuit of the left and the right turn signal lamps is connected to the constant voltage main line through a first normally closed switch KL1 of the relay, and the other end is grounded. When the relay is electrified, namely the electric vehicle is not locked, the first normally-closed switch KL1 is switched off, and the left steering lamp and the right steering lamp are not turned on; when the relay is powered off, namely the electric vehicle is locked, the first normally closed switch KL1 is closed, and the left steering lamp and the right steering lamp are lightened to remind a driver of paying attention.
The using conditions of the embodiment in the using process are as follows:
(1) when the power switch lock of the electric vehicle is opened (namely when the electric vehicle is started by a key), the main power line is electrified. The constant voltage main line maintains an output constant voltage of 12V by the conversion voltage stabilization of the converter. Meanwhile, the main power supply supplies power to the controller through the electric gate line, and the controller starts to work. In the normal driving process, the phase line has voltage, the base of first triode Q1 communicates the phase line and makes the collecting electrode and the projecting electrode of first triode Q1 switch on, because first triode Q1 projecting electrode ground connection, be equivalent to second triode Q2's base ground connection, second triode Q2 collecting electrode and projecting electrode disconnection, the voltage of constant voltage mainline acts on the base of third triode Q3 through third resistance R3 and fourth resistance R4, switch on third triode Q3's collecting electrode and projecting electrode, charge first electric capacity C1. Because the emitter of the third triode Q3 is not directly grounded, but is grounded again through the fifth resistor R5, when the collector and the emitter of the third triode Q3 are conducted, the emitter maintains a certain voltage, and the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are conducted, correspondingly, because the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 is grounded, which is equivalent to the bases of the fifth triode Q5, the ninth triode Q9 and the thirteenth diode Q10 are all grounded, at this time, the collectors and the emitters of the fifth triode Q5, the ninth triode Q9 and the thirteenth diode Q10 are all in an off state, and the corresponding effects are that: the voltage of the constant voltage main line acts on the base electrode of the sixth triode Q6; the brake power-off line is not grounded; the base of the first transistor Q1 is not grounded and the phase line voltage can be applied to the base of the first transistor Q1. The voltage of the constant voltage main line acts on the base electrode of the sixth triode Q6 to enable the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the sixth triode Q6 to be conducted, the electromagnetic coil of the relay is electrified to attract the first normally-closed switch KL1 to be opened, and the locking reminding circuit does not work.
(2) When the brake handle is pinched when the traffic lights are turned on, the brake switch is closed, and the brake power-off line is grounded. The electric vehicle stops moving to cause the phase line output voltage to be zero. Because the line between the ninth resistor R9 and the tenth resistor R10 is externally connected with the brake switch, the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 are equivalently short-circuited, the base electrode of the seventh triode Q7 is grounded, the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the seventh triode Q7 are disconnected, the voltage of the constant-voltage main line acts on the base electrode of the eighth triode Q8 through the twelfth resistor R12, the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the eighth triode Q8 are conducted, the voltage of the constant-voltage main line acts on the base electrode of the first triode Q1 through the eighth triode Q8 instead of the phase line, and the circuit is ensured to work as if the electric vehicle runs normally without pinching the brake. Therefore, in the process of waiting for the traffic lights, although the electric vehicle stops to cause zero phase line output voltage, the whole voltage-controlled switch circuit still runs according to the state during normal running under the action of the brake power supply circuit, and the self-locking condition of the electric vehicle cannot occur.
(3) When the driver stops the electric vehicle on the roadside in some cases and does not pull out the key (namely, the power switch lock is not closed), the brake switch is in an off state at the moment, and the voltage of the phase line is zero because the electric vehicle is still. When the brake switch is in an off state, a current flows through a series circuit formed by the ninth resistor R9, the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, a voltage is arranged at the base electrode of the seventh triode Q7, so that the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the seventh triode Q7 are connected, because the emitter electrode of the seventh triode Q7 is grounded, the base electrode of the eighth triode Q8 is grounded, the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the eighth triode Q8 are in an off state, the whole brake power supply circuit does not output voltage to the voltage-controlled power supply circuit, and the brake power supply circuit does not load the output voltage on the base electrode of the first triode Q1; meanwhile, as the voltage of the phase line is zero when the electric vehicle is stationary, and no output voltage is applied to the base of the first triode Q1 by the phase line, the collector and the emitter of the first triode Q1 are disconnected, the voltage of the constant voltage main line is applied to the base of the second triode Q2 through the second resistor R2, and the collector and the emitter of the second triode Q2 are connected. Since the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is grounded, turning on the collector and emitter of the second transistor Q2 is equivalent to grounding the base of the third transistor Q3, and turning off the collector and emitter of the third transistor Q3 stops supplying power to the first capacitor C1. At this time, the first capacitor C1 and the fifth resistor R5 form a current loop to release the stored electric energy. Since the base of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected between the first capacitor C1 and the fifth resistor R5 through the sixth resistor R6, a voltage is applied to the base of the fourth transistor Q4, which turns on the collector and emitter of the fourth transistor Q4. As in the normal operation of the electric vehicle, the collector and emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are turned on, so that the collectors and emitters of the fifth triode Q5, the ninth triode Q9 and the thirteenth triode Q10 are all in an off state, the brake power-off line is not grounded, and the controller does not stop working.
When the stored energy in the first capacitor C1 is exhausted, there is no voltage at the base of the fourth triode Q4, the collector and emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are in a disconnected state, the voltage of the constant voltage main line is applied to the bases of the ninth triode Q9 and the thirteenth triode Q10 through the eighth resistor R8, so that the collectors and emitters of the ninth triode Q9 and the thirteenth triode Q10 are connected, the brake disconnection wire is grounded through the tenth triode Q10, the controller stops working, the electric vehicle is locked, and the base of the first triode Q1 is grounded through the ninth triode Q9. The controller stops working, the starting handle is twisted at the moment, the electric vehicle cannot be controlled to move forwards, the base electrode of the first triode Q1 is grounded, the brake handle is pinched or the electric vehicle is pushed to move forwards, the controller cannot be activated to work again, the electric vehicle is in a locked state, and the safety when the electric vehicle is left and is forgotten to be powered off is guaranteed.
(4) When the electric vehicle needs to be unlocked, a driver can turn the first reset switch K1 to be closed with the base circuit of the second triode Q2 and then press the second reset switch K2 for a long time, namely, the base of the second triode Q2 is grounded, and the collector and the emitter of the second triode Q2 are disconnected. As can be seen from the above derivation, the disconnection of the collector and emitter of the second transistor Q2 can make the collector and emitter of the third transistor Q3 conductive, and charge the first capacitor C1, while the collector and emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 are conductive, the bases of the fifth transistor Q5, the ninth transistor Q9 and the thirteenth transistor Q10 are all grounded, and the collectors and emitters of the fifth transistor Q5, the ninth transistor Q9 and the thirteenth transistor Q10 are all in the disconnected state. Since the collector and the emitter of the thirteenth diode Q10 are disconnected, the brake power-off wire is not grounded, so that the controller works normally again; on the other hand, as the collector and the emitter of the ninth triode Q9 are disconnected, the base of the first triode Q1 is not grounded, and after the controller is started by pressing the second restart switch K2 for a long time, the electric vehicle is advanced by loosening the second restart switch K2 and immediately (before the first capacitor C1 discharges the light electric energy again) twisting the starting handle, the voltage is output again by the phase line, or the braking handle is pinched to close the braking switch, so that the collector and the emitter of the first triode Q1 can be conducted, and then the voltage-controlled switching circuit is enabled to enter the normal working (non-locking) state according to the above mode. When the driver toggles the first reset switch K1 closed with the base line of the thirteenth diode Q10, the electric vehicle lock is released in a slightly different manner than when the first reset switch K1 toggles the base of the second transistor Q2: when the electric vehicle needs to be unlocked, the first reset switch K1 is turned to be closed with the base line of the thirteenth polar tube Q10, the brake switch is closed by long pressing the second reset switch K2 and pinching the brake handle, the bases of the ninth polar tube Q9 and the thirteenth polar tube Q10 are both grounded, and the collector and the emitter of the ninth polar tube Q9 and the thirteenth polar tube Q10 are both in an open state. As can be seen from the above analysis, when the brake switch is turned off, the voltage of the constant voltage main line can act on the base of the first transistor Q1 through the eighth transistor Q8, and since the collector and the emitter of the ninth transistor Q9 are disconnected, the base of the first transistor Q1 is not grounded, so that the collector and the emitter of the first transistor Q1 are connected. According to the derivation, the collector and the emitter of the first triode Q1 are conducted, so that the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are conducted, the first capacitor C1 is charged, the collectors and the emitters of the ninth triode Q9 and the thirteenth triode Q10 are still disconnected after the second restart switch K2 is released, the brake switch is disconnected after the brake is released again, the brake power line is not grounded, the controller is restarted, and then the starting handle is immediately twisted (before the first capacitor C1 releases the light electric energy again) to enable the electric vehicle to move forward, so that the voltage-controlled switch circuit enters a normal working (non-locking) state.
(5) The invention can also be additionally provided with a locking reminding circuit. It can be known from the above analysis that, after the electric vehicle is locked, the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are in an off state, the voltage on the constant voltage main line acts on the base of the fifth triode Q5 through the seventh resistor R7, the collector and the emitter of the fifth triode Q5 are in an on state, because the emitter of the fifth triode Q5 is grounded, the base of the sixth triode Q6 is grounded after the fifth triode Q5 is turned on, the collector and the emitter of the sixth triode Q6 are disconnected, the electromagnetic coil of the relay is powered off, the first normally closed switch KL1 is closed, the left and right turn lights are illuminated, and the driver is reminded. On the contrary, when the electric vehicle is not locked, the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are conducted, the base of the fifth triode Q5 is grounded, the collector and the emitter of the fifth triode Q5 are disconnected, the voltage on the constant voltage main line acts on the base of the sixth triode Q6 through the eighth resistor R8, the collector and the emitter of the sixth triode Q6 are conducted, the electromagnetic coil of the relay is in a power-on state at the moment, the first normally-closed switch KL1 is disconnected, and the left and right turn lights are not turned on.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a safety voltage-controlled switch circuit for an electric vehicle comprises a main power supply, a controller, a converter and a plurality of sub-circuits. The main power supply supplies power to the whole voltage-controlled switch circuit through a power supply main line, the power supply main line is connected with a constant voltage main line through a converter, and the constant voltage main line outputs a constant voltage of 12V. And meanwhile, the power main line is also connected with the controller through an electric gate line to supply power to the controller. The controller is also connected with a phase line and a brake broken wire, when the brake broken wire is grounded, the controller stops working, when the electric vehicle stops, the output voltage of the phase line is zero, and when the controller stops working, the electric vehicle cannot be started or accelerated by twisting a starting handle; otherwise, when the brake power-off wire is not grounded, the controller works normally, and when the controller works and the electric vehicle stops, the output voltage of the phase line is zero. For a plurality of sub-circuits, the embodiment provides another alternative of the locking circuit and the restarting circuit, and the other sub-circuits, namely the brake power supply circuit, the voltage-controlled power supply circuit, the delay circuit and the voltage-controlled switch circuit, are the same as those in embodiment 1.
The locking circuit of the embodiment comprises a ninth triode Q9 and a first normally open switch LK1 of a relay, wherein the first normally open switch LK1 is installed on an electric gate line, the first normally open switch LK1 is closed when a coil of the relay is electrified, and a collector of a fourth triode Q4 is connected with a base of a ninth triode Q9 in series; the emitter of the ninth transistor Q9 is connected to ground and the collector is connected to the base of the first transistor Q1.
The restart circuit of the embodiment comprises a remote control signal receiving head N and a fifteenth triode Q15, wherein the remote control signal receiving head N can output voltage when receiving a remote controller signal, and the remote control signal receiving head is connected with a base electrode of the fifteenth triode Q15 through a resistor; the collector of the fifteenth triode Q15 is connected to the base of the second triode Q2, and the emitter is grounded. As an alternative, the remote control signal receiving head N may also adopt a fingerprint activating connector commonly used in the prior art, and the fingerprint activating connector outputs voltage when fingerprints are matched, which is equivalent to the remote control signal receiving head N of the present application and outputs a voltage to turn on the collector and the emitter of the fifteenth transistor Q15.
The using conditions of the embodiment in the using process are as follows:
(1) when the electric vehicle is started, the brake handle is pinched to close the brake switch, the hand brake switch is put down to close the hand brake switch, the electric vehicle power switch lock is opened (namely when the electric vehicle is started by a key), and the power main line is electrified. The constant voltage main line maintains an output constant voltage of 12V by the conversion voltage stabilization of the converter. Pressing the remote controller output signal makes the remote controller signal receiving head N generate an output pulse voltage, the collector and the emitter of the fifteenth triode Q15 are conducted, at the moment, the base of the second triode Q2 is grounded, and the collector and the emitter of the second triode Q2 are disconnected. The voltage-controlled power supply circuit adopts the same working mode as the principle described in embodiment 1, when the collector and the emitter of the second triode Q2 are disconnected, the collector and the emitter of the third triode Q3 are connected to charge the first capacitor C1, and at the same time, the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are connected, the collector and the emitter of the ninth triode Q9 are in a disconnected state, the base of the first triode Q1 is not grounded, and the locking circuit is in an unlocked state. At the moment, the brake power supply circuit can output voltage to the base electrode of the first triode Q1, and the locking circuit is guaranteed not to be locked. Meanwhile, when the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are conducted, the base of the fifth triode Q5 is grounded, the collector and the emitter of the fifth triode Q5 are both in a disconnected state, the voltage of the constant voltage main line acts on the base of the sixth triode Q6 to enable the collector and the emitter of the sixth triode Q6 to be conducted, the electromagnetic coil of the relay is electrified to attract the first normally-open switch LK1 to be closed, the electric gate line is conducted, and the power main line supplies power to the controller. After the brake handle is pinched and started for a period of time, the brake is loosened, and the electric vehicle starting handle can be twisted to control the electric vehicle to advance.
(2) When the traffic light stops the electric vehicle, the brake switch is closed by pinching the brake handle, so that the whole voltage-controlled power supply circuit still runs according to the state during normal running, the self-locking condition of the electric vehicle cannot occur, and the principle is completely the same as that in the embodiment 1.
(3) When the driver stops the electric vehicle on the roadside in some cases and does not pull out the key (namely, the power switch lock is not closed), the brake switch is in an off state at the moment, and the voltage of the phase line is zero because the electric vehicle is still. The whole brake power supply circuit does not output voltage to the voltage-controlled power supply circuit, namely the brake power supply circuit does not have the output voltage loaded on the base of the first triode Q1; meanwhile, the voltage of the phase line is zero when the electric vehicle is stationary, no output voltage is loaded on the base of the first triode Q1 by the phase line, and the voltage-controlled power supply circuit stops supplying power to the first capacitor C1. At this time, the first capacitor C1 and the fifth resistor R5 form a current loop to release the stored electric energy. The collector and emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 are turned on for a certain time (10 s in this embodiment). The collector and emitter of the ninth transistor Q9 are both in an off state.
When the stored energy in the first capacitor C1 is exhausted, there is no voltage at the base of the fourth transistor Q4, the collector and the emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 are in an off state, and the voltage of the constant voltage main line is applied to the bases of the ninth transistor Q9 and the fifth transistor Q5 through the eighth resistor R8, so that the collectors and the emitters of the ninth transistor Q9 and the fifth transistor Q5 are both turned on. The collector and the emitter of the sixth triode Q6 are disconnected, no current flows through the electromagnetic coil of the relay, and the first normally open switch LK1 is disconnected, so that the controller stops working, the starting handle is twisted, and the electric vehicle cannot be controlled to advance. At the moment, the collector and the emitter of the ninth triode Q9 are conducted to ground the base of the first triode Q1, the brake handle is pinched or the electric vehicle is pushed to move forward, the controller cannot be activated to work again, the electric vehicle is in a locked state, and the safety when the electric vehicle leaves the vehicle and is forgotten to be powered off is guaranteed.
(4) When the electric vehicle needs to be unlocked, a driver needs to pinch a brake handle to close a brake switch, and presses an output signal of a remote controller, so that a remote control signal receiving head N generates an output pulse voltage, a collector and an emitter of a fifteenth triode Q15 are conducted, a base of a second triode Q2 is grounded, and the electric vehicle is unlocked according to the principle when the electric vehicle is started in the use condition (1) of the embodiment.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, a safety voltage-controlled switch circuit for an electric vehicle comprises a main power supply, a controller, a converter and several sub-circuits. The main power supply supplies power to the whole voltage-controlled switch circuit through a power supply main line, the power supply main line is connected with a constant voltage main line through a converter, and the constant voltage main line outputs a constant voltage of 12V. And meanwhile, the power main line is also connected with the controller through an electric gate line to supply power to the controller. The controller is also connected with a phase line and a brake broken wire, when the brake broken wire is grounded, the controller stops working, when the electric vehicle stops, the output voltage of the phase line is zero, and when the controller stops working, the electric vehicle cannot be started or accelerated by twisting a starting handle; otherwise, when the brake power-off wire is not grounded, the controller works normally, and when the controller works and the electric vehicle stops, the output voltage of the phase line is zero. For a plurality of sub-circuits, the embodiment provides another alternative of the restart circuit, and the other sub-circuits are the same as the brake power supply circuit, the voltage-controlled power supply circuit, the delay circuit, the locking circuit and the voltage-controlled switch circuit in embodiment 2.
The restart circuit of this embodiment includes that the switch is opened again from electronic circuit and third, is equipped with first electric door switch on the power mainline, link to each other through the second electric door switch between converter and the constant voltage mainline, first electric door switch and second electric door switch design into two grades of toggle switch, and first electric door switch is closed, the disconnection of second electric door switch when stirring first grade, and first electric door switch is closed, the second electric door switch is also closed when stirring the second grade. The self-locking sub-circuit comprises an eleventh triode Q11, a twelfth triode Q12, a thirteenth triode Q13, a fourteenth triode Q14 and a series circuit, wherein the constant-voltage main line is respectively connected with the collector of the fourteenth triode Q14, the collector of the thirteenth triode Q13 is connected through a seventeenth resistor R17, the collector of the twelfth triode Q12 is connected through a sixteenth resistor R16, the base of the fourteenth triode Q14 is connected with the collector of the thirteenth triode Q13, the base of the thirteenth triode Q13 is connected with the collector of the twelfth triode Q12, one end of the series circuit is connected with the constant-voltage main line, the other end of the series circuit is connected with a second normally-open switch LK2, a fifteenth resistor R15 and a fourteenth resistor R14 of a relay in series in sequence and then is grounded, the emitter of the fourteenth triode Q14 is connected between the second normally-open switch LK2 and the fifteenth resistor R15 of the series circuit, and the emitters of the twelfth triode Q12 and the thirteenth triode Q13 are grounded, the base electrode of the twelfth triode Q12 is connected between the fifteenth resistor R15 and the fourteenth resistor R14 of the series circuit; the base electrode of the eleventh triode Q11 is connected with the collector electrode of the twelfth triode Q12, and the emitting electrode of the eleventh triode Q11 is grounded; the third restart switch adopts a single-pole double-throw switch, the fixed end of the third restart switch is connected with the collector of the eleventh triode Q11 in series, and the two movable ends are respectively connected with the base of the second triode Q2 and the base of the ninth triode Q9.
The using conditions of the embodiment in the using process are as follows:
(1) when the electric vehicle is started, the brake handle is pinched to close the brake switch, the power switch lock of the electric vehicle is opened (namely when the electric vehicle is started by a key), and the two-gear toggle switch is toggled to the second gear to close the first electric door switch and the second electric door switch, so that the constant voltage main line keeps 12V output constant voltage. At the moment, the base electrode of the ninth triode Q9 has voltage, the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the ninth triode Q9 are in a closed state, the electric vehicle is locked, the electromagnetic coil of the relay is not electrified, the first normally-open switch LK1 and the second normally-open switch LK2 are in an open state, and the controller is not powered yet. In the self-locking sub-circuit, as the second normally-open switch LK2 is turned off, the constant voltage main line outputs voltage to the base of the thirteenth triode Q13 through the sixteenth resistor R16, so that the collector and the emitter of the thirteenth triode Q13 are connected, the base of the fourteenth triode Q14 is grounded, the collector and the emitter of the fourteenth triode Q14 are disconnected, no current flows through the series circuit, and the base of the eleventh triode Q11 has voltage to make the collector and the emitter in a conducting state. At this time, the third reset switch is turned to point a (i.e., the base of the second transistor Q2 is turned on), so that the collector of the eleventh transistor Q11 turns on the base of the second transistor Q2, which is equivalent to grounding the base of the second transistor Q2, and the collector and emitter of the second transistor Q2 are turned off. The voltage-controlled power supply circuit adopts the same working mode as the principle described in embodiment 1, the collector and the emitter of the third triode Q3 are conducted, the first capacitor C1 is charged, the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are conducted, the collector and the emitter of the ninth triode Q9 are in a disconnected state, the base of the first triode Q1 is not grounded, and the locking circuit is in an unlocked state. At the moment, the brake power supply circuit can output voltage to the base electrode of the first triode Q1, and the locking circuit is guaranteed not to be locked. Meanwhile, when the collector and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 are conducted, the base of the fifth triode Q5 is grounded, the collector and the emitter of the fifth triode Q5 are both in a disconnected state, the voltage of the constant voltage main line acts on the base of the sixth triode Q6 to enable the collector and the emitter of the sixth triode Q6 to be conducted, the electromagnetic coil of the relay is electrified to attract the first normally-open switch LK1 and the second normally-open switch LK2 to be closed, the electric gate line is conducted, and the power main line supplies power to the controller. When the third re-turn switch is turned to the point B (i.e., the base of the ninth transistor Q9 is turned on), the collector of the eleventh transistor Q11 is turned on the base of the ninth transistor Q9, which is equivalent to grounding the base of the ninth transistor Q9, the collector and the emitter of the ninth transistor Q9 are in an off state, and the base of the first transistor Q1 is not grounded. The brake power supply circuit outputs voltage to the base of the first triode Q1, and then the electromagnetic coil of the relay is powered through the voltage-controlled power supply circuit and the voltage-controlled switch circuit according to the principle described in embodiment 1, so that the first normally-open switch LK1 and the second normally-open switch LK2 are attracted to be closed, and the same effect of supplying power to the controller as that the third re-open switch is switched to the point a is achieved. After the first normally-open switch LK1 is closed and the brake handle is pinched and started for a period of time, the brake is released, and the electric vehicle starting handle can be twisted to control the electric vehicle to advance. Meanwhile, when the second normally open switch LK2 is closed, current flows through the series circuit, so that the base of the twelfth triode Q12 has voltage, the collector and the emitter of the twelfth triode Q12 are connected, the bases of the thirteenth triode Q13 and the eleventh triode Q11 are grounded, the collector and the emitter of the thirteenth triode Q13 are disconnected, and the collector and the emitter of the fourteenth triode Q14 are connected. The self-locking of the self-locking sub-circuit causes the collector and the emitter of the eleventh triode Q11 to be always in an off state.
(2) When the traffic light stops the electric vehicle, the brake switch is closed by pinching the brake handle, so that the whole voltage-controlled power supply circuit still runs according to the state during normal running, the self-locking condition of the electric vehicle cannot occur, and the principle is completely the same as that in the embodiment 1.
(3) When the driver stops the electric vehicle on the roadside in some cases and does not pull out the key (namely, the power switch lock is not closed), the brake switch is in an off state at the moment, and the voltage of the phase line is zero because the electric vehicle is still. The whole brake power supply circuit does not output voltage to the voltage-controlled power supply circuit, namely the brake power supply circuit does not have the output voltage loaded on the base of the first triode Q1; meanwhile, the voltage of the phase line is zero when the electric vehicle is stationary, no output voltage is loaded on the base of the first triode Q1 by the phase line, and the voltage-controlled power supply circuit stops supplying power to the first capacitor C1. At this time, the first capacitor C1 and the fifth resistor R5 form a current loop to release the stored electric energy. The collector and emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 are turned on for a certain time (10 s in this embodiment). The collector and emitter of the ninth transistor Q9 are both in an off state.
When the stored energy in the first capacitor C1 is exhausted, there is no voltage at the base of the fourth transistor Q4, the collector and the emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 are in an off state, and the voltage of the constant voltage main line is applied to the bases of the ninth transistor Q9 and the fifth transistor Q5 through the eighth resistor R8, so that the collectors and the emitters of the ninth transistor Q9 and the fifth transistor Q5 are both turned on. The collecting electrode and the emitting electrode of the sixth triode Q6 are disconnected, no current flows through the electromagnetic coil of the relay, and the first normally-open switch LK1 and the second normally-open switch LK2 are both disconnected, so that the controller stops working, the handle is started by twisting, and the electric vehicle cannot be controlled to advance. At the moment, the collector and the emitter of the ninth triode Q9 are conducted to ground the base of the first triode Q1, the brake handle is pinched or the electric vehicle is pushed to move forward, the controller cannot be activated to work again, the electric vehicle is in a locked state, and the safety when the electric vehicle leaves the vehicle and is forgotten to be powered off is guaranteed. In addition, after the self-locking sub-circuit is subjected to self-locking, even if the second normally-open switch LK2 is turned off, since the collector and the emitter of the fourteenth triode Q14 are conducted, the current still flows through the fifteenth resistor R15 and the fourteenth resistor R14 of the series circuit, the base of the twelfth triode Q12 still has voltage to conduct the collector and the emitter of the twelfth triode Q12, and the base of the eleventh triode Q11 is grounded, at this time, even if the third restart switch of the restart circuit is turned to a point a or a point B, the locking of the electric vehicle cannot be released, that is, the electromagnetic ring of the relay cannot be powered again.
(4) When the electric vehicle lock needs to be released, a driver needs to dial the two-gear toggle switch back to the first gear to disconnect the second electric door switch, and then the two-gear toggle switch is shifted to the second gear again to reclose the second electric door switch. At this time, the brake handle is pinched to close the brake switch, and then the third restart switch of the restart circuit is shifted to the point a or the point B, so that the electric vehicle is unlocked according to the principle described in the embodiment when the electric vehicle is started in the use condition (1).
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and for those skilled in the art, the ideas according to the embodiments of the present invention may be changed in the specific implementation manners and the application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. The safety voltage-controlled switch circuit of the electric vehicle is characterized by comprising a main power supply, a controller, a converter and the following sub-circuits:
the brake power supply circuit is connected with a voltage-controlled power supply circuit, and the brake power supply circuit has output voltage for the voltage-controlled power supply circuit when the electric vehicle is in a brake state;
the voltage-controlled power supply circuit is connected with the delay circuit and the voltage-controlled switching circuit; when the voltage-controlled power supply circuit has input voltage, the delay circuit keeps certain electric energy, and simultaneously outputs voltage to the voltage-controlled switch circuit;
the delay circuit is used for storing certain electric energy and is connected with the voltage-controlled switch circuit, and when the voltage output by the voltage-controlled power supply circuit is zero, the delay circuit outputs voltage to the voltage-controlled switch circuit until the electric energy is exhausted;
the voltage-controlled switch circuit is connected with the locking circuit, and when the input voltage of the voltage-controlled switch circuit is zero, the locking circuit is controlled to lock the electric vehicle;
the locking circuit is used for stopping the controller to lock the electric vehicle, so that the electric vehicle cannot be started by twisting the starting handle of the electric vehicle and/or pushing the electric vehicle;
the restarting circuit is used for unlocking the electric vehicle and enabling the controller to start working again;
the main power supply passes through the power thread and supplies power for whole voltage-controlled switch circuit, the power thread passes through the constant voltage thread is connected to the converter, and the power thread still connects through the electric door line simultaneously the controller supplies power for the controller, still be connected with phase line and brake outage line on the controller, the controller stop work when the brake outage line ground connection, when the electric motor car stops motionless, phase line output voltage also is zero, and the phase line is connected voltage-controlled supply circuit.
2. The voltage-controlled switch circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage-controlled switch circuit further comprises a lock-up reminding circuit, and when the delay circuit runs out of the stored energy and the electric vehicle is locked up, the lock-up reminding circuit gives an alarm to remind the driver of the lock-up.
3. The safety voltage-controlled switch circuit of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brake power supply circuit comprises a series circuit formed by sequentially connecting a ninth resistor (R9), a tenth resistor (R10) and an eleventh resistor (R11) in series, one end of the series circuit is connected to the constant voltage main line, the other end of the series circuit is grounded, a line between the ninth resistor (R9) and the tenth resistor (R10) is externally connected to a brake switch, and the other end of the brake switch is grounded; the brake power-off line is also connected with one end of the brake switch, which is connected with a ninth resistor (R9), through a diode, and the diode enables current to flow from the brake power-off line to the brake switch in a single direction; a circuit between the tenth resistor (R10) and the eleventh resistor (R11) is externally connected with a base electrode of a seventh triode (Q7), a collector electrode of the seventh triode (Q7) is connected with the constant voltage main line through a twelfth resistor (R12), an emitter electrode of the seventh triode (Q7) is grounded, and a collector electrode of the seventh triode (Q8) is also connected with a base electrode of an eighth triode (Q8); the collector of the eighth triode (Q8) is connected with a constant voltage main line, and the emitter of the eighth triode (Q8) is connected with the first resistor (R1).
4. The voltage-controlled switch circuit for safety of electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein said voltage-controlled power supply circuit comprises a first resistor (R1) connected to said phase line, a second resistor (R2) connected to said constant voltage main line and a first transistor (Q1), the other end of said first resistor (R1) and said second resistor (R2) are respectively connected to the base and collector of said first transistor (Q1), the emitter of said first transistor (Q1) is grounded; the collector of the first triode (Q1) is also connected with the base of a second triode (Q2), the collector of the second triode (Q2) is connected to the constant-voltage main line through a resistor, and the emitter of the second triode (Q2) is grounded; the collector of the second triode (Q2) is also connected with the base of a third triode (Q3), the collector of the third triode (Q3) is connected with the constant voltage main line, and the emitter of the third triode (Q3) is connected with a delay circuit; the delay circuit is connected with the voltage-controlled switch circuit, and when the third triode (Q3) is not conducted, the delay circuit ensures that the voltage output by the voltage-controlled switch circuit is not self-locked within a certain time; the delay circuit can be charged when the third transistor (Q3) is turned on and the delay circuit energy storage is not full.
5. The voltage controlled switch circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the delay circuit comprises a fifth resistor (R5) and a first capacitor (C1) connected in parallel, and the parallel circuit of the fifth resistor (R5) and the first capacitor (C1) has one end connected to ground and the other end connected to the emitter of the third transistor (Q3) and the voltage controlled switch circuit.
6. The voltage-controlled switch circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage-controlled switch circuit comprises a fourth transistor (Q4), the base of the fourth transistor (Q4) is connected to the delay circuit, the collector of the fourth transistor (Q4) is connected to the constant voltage main line through a seventh resistor (R7), the emitter of the fourth transistor (Q4) is connected to ground, and the collector of the fourth transistor (Q4) is also connected to the base of a fifth transistor (Q5); the collector of the fifth triode (Q5) is connected with the constant voltage main line through an eighth resistor (R8), the emitter of the fifth triode is grounded, and the collector of the fifth triode is also connected with the base of a sixth triode (Q6); and the collector electrode of the sixth triode (Q6) is connected with the constant voltage main line through an electromagnetic coil of the relay, and the emitter electrode of the sixth triode is grounded.
7. The voltage-controlled safety switch circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the locking reminding circuit comprises a left and a right turn signal lamps of the electric vehicle connected in parallel, one end of the parallel circuit of the left and the right turn signal lamps is connected to the constant voltage main line through the first normally closed switch of the relay, and the other end is grounded.
8. The voltage controlled switch circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein the delay circuit is connected to the base of the fourth transistor (Q4) through a sixth resistor (R6).
9. The voltage-controlled switch circuit for electric vehicle safety as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking circuit comprises a thirteenth diode (Q10) and a ninth diode (Q9), wherein the collector of the fourth diode (Q4) is connected in series with the base of the thirteenth diode (Q10) and the base of the ninth diode (Q9), the emitters of the thirteenth diode (Q10) and the ninth diode (Q9) are grounded, wherein the collector of the thirteenth diode (Q10) is connected to the brake wire, and the collector of the ninth diode (Q9) is connected to the base of the first diode (Q1).
10. The voltage-controlled switch circuit for safety of electric vehicle as claimed in claim 9, wherein the restart circuit comprises a first restart switch (K1) and a second restart switch (K2) connected in series, one end of the restart circuit is connected to ground, and the other end is connected to the base of the second triode (Q2).
11. The voltage-controlled switch circuit for safety of electric vehicle as claimed in claim 10, wherein said first restart switch (K1) is a single-pole double-throw switch, the fixed terminal of the first restart switch (K1) is connected in series with said second restart switch (K2), and the two movable terminals are respectively connected to the base of the second triode (Q2) and the base of the thirteenth polar tube (Q10).
12. The voltage controlled switch circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking circuit comprises a ninth transistor (Q9) and a first normally open switch (LK1) of a relay, the first normally open switch (LK1) is installed on the electric gate line, the first normally open switch (LK1) is closed when a coil of the relay is energized, and a collector of the fourth transistor (Q4) is connected in series with a base of the ninth transistor (Q9); the emitter of the ninth triode (Q9) is grounded, and the collector is connected to the base of the first triode (Q1).
13. The voltage controlled switch circuit for electric vehicle safety of claim 12, wherein the restart circuit comprises a remote control signal receiving terminal and a fifteenth transistor (Q15), the remote control signal receiving terminal can output voltage when receiving remote control signal, the remote control signal receiving terminal is connected with the base of the fifteenth transistor (Q15) through a resistor; the collector of the fifteenth triode (Q15) is connected with the base of the second triode (Q2), and the emitter is grounded.
14. The voltage-controlled safety switch circuit according to claim 12, wherein the restart circuit comprises a self-locking sub-circuit and a third restart switch, the converter and the constant voltage main line are connected through a second gate switch, the self-locking sub-circuit comprises an eleventh transistor (Q11), a twelfth transistor (Q12), a thirteenth transistor (Q13), a fourteenth transistor (Q14) and a series circuit, the constant voltage main line is respectively connected with the collector of the fourteenth transistor (Q14), the collector of the thirteenth transistor (Q13) through a seventeenth resistor (R17), and the collector of the twelfth transistor (Q12) through a sixteenth resistor (R16), the base of the fourteenth transistor (Q14) is connected with the collector of the thirteenth transistor (Q13), the base of the thirteenth transistor (Q13) is connected with the collector of the twelfth transistor (Q12), one end of the series circuit is connected with the constant voltage main line, the other end of the series circuit is sequentially connected with a second normally open switch (LK2), a fifteenth resistor (R15) and a fourteenth resistor (R14) of the relay in series and then grounded, an emitter of a fourteenth triode (Q14) is connected between the second normally open switch (LK2) and the fifteenth resistor (R15) of the series circuit, emitters of a twelfth triode (Q12) and a thirteenth triode (Q13) are grounded, and a base of the twelfth triode (Q12) is connected between the fifteenth resistor (R15) and the fourteenth resistor (R14) of the series circuit; the base electrode of the eleventh triode (Q11) is connected with the collector electrode of the twelfth triode (Q12), and the emitter electrode of the eleventh triode is grounded; the third restart switch adopts a single-pole double-throw switch, the fixed end of the third restart switch is connected with the collector of the eleventh triode (Q11) in series, and the two movable ends are respectively connected with the base of the second triode (Q2) and the base of the ninth triode (Q9).
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