CN111873574A - 一种纳米级气凝隔热毡 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，纳米级气凝隔热毡以纳米二氧化硅气凝胶为主体材料，通过加工与预氧化纤维毡复合而成气凝隔热毡，该制备方法包括以下步骤：按1:3的质量比将硅源溶于水中，去除杂质，控制混合液的pH为6‑8；向上述混合液中加入硅铝凝胶液体，调节pH为1‑2，再加阿摩尼亚水调节pH为5‑7得到硅溶胶；在硅溶胶疏水处理前或疏水处理后在其表面预敷设一层由玻璃纤维材料构成的预增强层，然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体预增强；该一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，适合高达650℃的高温应用环境，绝热性能是传统绝热产品的5倍以上，安全A级(无烟)不燃、环保、柔性易安装。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及气凝胶技术领域，具体为一种纳米级气凝隔热毡。
背景技术
气凝胶是一种固体物质形态，世界上密度最小的固体。密度为3千克每立方米。一般常见的气凝胶为硅气凝胶，其最早由美国科学工作者Kistler在1931年因与其友打赌制得。气凝胶的种类很多，有硅系，碳系，硫系，金属氧化物系，金属系等等。aerogel是个组合词，此处aero是形容词，表示飞行的，gel显然是凝胶。字面意思是可以飞行的凝胶。任何物质的gel只要可以经干燥后除去内部溶剂后，又可基本保持其形状不变，且产物高孔隙率、低密度，则皆可以称之为气凝胶。
因为密度极低，最轻的气凝胶仅有0.16毫克每立方厘米，比空气密度略低，所以也被叫做“冻结的烟”或“蓝烟”。由于里面的颗粒非常小(纳米量级)，所以可见光经过它时散射较小(瑞利散射)，就像阳光经过空气一样。因此，它也和天空一样看着发蓝(如果里面没有掺杂其它东西)，如果对着光看有点发红。(天空是蓝色的，而傍晚的天空是红色的)。由于气凝胶中一般80％以上是空气，所以有非常好的隔热效果，一寸厚的气凝胶相当20至30块普通玻璃的隔热功能。即使把气凝胶放在玫瑰与火焰之间，玫瑰也会丝毫无损。气凝胶在航天探测上也有多种用途，在俄罗斯“和平”号空间站和美国“火星探路者”的探测器上都有用到这种材料。气凝胶也在粒子物理实验中，使用来作为切连科夫效应的探测器。位在高能加速器研究机构B介子工厂的Belle实验探测器中一个称为气凝胶切连科夫计数器(AerogelCherenkov Counter,ACC)的粒子鉴别器，就是一个最新的应用实例。这个探测器利用的气凝胶的介于液体与气体之低折射系数特性，还有其高透光度与固态的性质，优于传统使用低温液体或是高压空气的作法。同时，其轻量的性质也是优点之一；
而传统保温材料存在一定的弊端，易变形、沉降，热稳定性差，破损率大，后期保温效果差，无法满足工艺要求，保温效果差，导致保温工程维护成本提升，设备运行费用增加，寿命短，到期需全部更换，安装不便、运输成本高问题，为此，我们提出了一种纳米级气凝隔热毡。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种夹爪锁紧装置，可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，该纳米级气凝隔热毡以纳米二氧化硅气凝胶为主体材料，通过加工与预氧化纤维毡复合而成气凝隔热毡。
一种纳米级气凝隔热毡的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、按1:3的质量比将硅源溶于水中，去除杂质，控制混合液的pH为6-8；
步骤二、向上述混合液中加入硅铝凝胶液体，调节pH为1-2，再加阿摩尼亚水调节pH为5-7得到硅溶胶；
步骤三、在硅溶胶疏水处理前或疏水处理后在其表面预敷设一层由玻璃纤维材料构成的预增强层，然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体预增强；
步骤四、通过预热压粘结层，再在其表面热压一层由芳伦布、涤纶布、高分子薄膜；
步骤五、将上述处理好的粘结层、芳伦布、涤纶布与高分子薄膜放入烘箱内，烘制时长为2-4h，取出包装，完成气凝隔热毡的制备。
优选的，高分子薄膜是以有机高分子聚合物为材料制成的薄膜。
优选的，所述涤纶布由有机二元酸和二元醇缩聚而成的聚酯经纺丝所得的合成纤维。
优选的，步骤五中使用烘干箱烘干，该烘干箱规格为2*1*1.5m。
优选的，硅铝凝胶液体的交联密度为一般加成型液体硅橡胶的1/5-1/10。
与现有技术对比，本发明具备以下有益效果：该纳米级气凝隔热毡，适合高达650℃的高温应用环境，绝热性能是传统绝热产品的5倍以上，安全A级(无烟)不燃、环保、柔性易安装，可减少热损失，降低工程总造价，置于空气中的管道在传输热介质时会造成热损失，若不采取保温措施，其热损失将高达85％左右，采用气凝胶绝热毡进行保温的热损失仅为传统保温材料的25％，热网热损失为2％，小于国际10％的标准要求。
附图说明
图1为气凝胶与其他保温材料热导率与温度变化对比图；
图2为气凝胶保温涂料与传统保温材料的导热系数对比图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
请参阅图1-2，一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，该纳米级气凝隔热毡以纳米二氧化硅气凝胶为主体材料，通过加工与预氧化纤维毡复合而成气凝隔热毡。
一种纳米级气凝隔热毡的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、按1:3的质量比将硅源溶于水中，去除杂质，控制混合液的pH为6-8；
步骤二、向上述混合液中加入硅铝凝胶液体，调节pH为1-2，再加阿摩尼亚水调节pH为5-7得到硅溶胶；
步骤三、在硅溶胶疏水处理前或疏水处理后在其表面预敷设一层由玻璃纤维材料构成的预增强层，然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体预增强；
步骤四、通过预热压粘结层，再在其表面热压一层由芳伦布、涤纶布、高分子薄膜；
步骤五、将上述处理好的粘结层、芳伦布、涤纶布与高分子薄膜放入烘箱内，烘制时长为2-4h，取出包装，完成气凝隔热毡的制备。
高分子薄膜是以有机高分子聚合物为材料制成的薄膜；涤纶布由有机二元酸和二元醇缩聚而成的聚酯经纺丝所得的合成纤维；步骤五中使用烘干箱烘干，该烘干箱规格为2*1*1.5m；硅铝凝胶液体的交联密度为一般加成型液体硅橡胶的1/5-1/10。
实施例1
该纳米级气凝隔热毡以纳米二氧化硅气凝胶为主体材料，通过加工与预氧化纤维毡复合而成气凝隔热毡。
经检测，该纳米级气凝隔热毡导热系数(W/m·k)为0.032，密度(KG/L)为0.54±0.02，体积固含量(％)72％，长期使用温度(℃)-40～150。
实施例2
在制备时，按1:3的质量比将硅源溶于水中，去除杂质，控制混合液的pH为6；向上述混合液中加入硅铝凝胶液体，调节pH为1.5，再加阿摩尼亚水调节pH为5得到硅溶胶；在硅溶胶疏水处理前或疏水处理后在其表面预敷设一层由玻璃纤维材料构成的预增强层，然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体预增强；通过预热压粘结层，再在其表面热压一层由芳伦布、涤纶布、高分子薄膜；将上述处理好的粘结层、芳伦布、涤纶布与高分子薄膜放入烘箱内，烘制时长为3h，取出包装，完成气凝隔热毡的制备。
经检测，该纳米级气凝隔热毡的耐温范围(℃)-60～800，耐湿性(h)2000，抗老化(h)600，耐磨损，中等偏强。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，其特征在于，该纳米级气凝隔热毡以纳米二氧化硅气凝胶为主体材料，通过加工与预氧化纤维毡复合而成气凝隔热毡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米级气凝隔热毡的制备方法，其特征在于：该制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、按1:3的质量比将硅源溶于水中，去除杂质，控制混合液的pH为6-8；
步骤二、向上述混合液中加入硅铝凝胶液体，调节pH为1-2，再加阿摩尼亚水调节pH为5-7得到硅溶胶；
步骤三、在硅溶胶疏水处理前或疏水处理后在其表面预敷设一层由玻璃纤维材料构成的预增强层，然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体预增强；
步骤四、通过预热压粘结层，再在其表面热压一层由芳伦布、涤纶布、高分子薄膜；
步骤五、将上述处理好的粘结层、芳伦布、涤纶布与高分子薄膜放入烘箱内，烘制时长为2-4h，取出包装，完成气凝隔热毡的制备。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，其特征在于：高分子薄膜是以有机高分子聚合物为材料制成的薄膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，其特征在于：所述涤纶布由有机二元酸和二元醇缩聚而成的聚酯经纺丝所得的合成纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，其特征在于：步骤五中使用烘干箱烘干，该烘干箱规格为2*1*1.5m。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米级气凝隔热毡，其特征在于：硅铝凝胶液体的交联密度为一般加成型液体硅橡胶的1/5-1/10。
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