CN111873573A - 一种隔热阻燃布料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种隔热阻燃布料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111873573A
CN111873573A CN202010822920.7A CN202010822920A CN111873573A CN 111873573 A CN111873573 A CN 111873573A CN 202010822920 A CN202010822920 A CN 202010822920A CN 111873573 A CN111873573 A CN 111873573A
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flame
retardant
layer
fibers
insulating
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CN111873573B (zh
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张继承
董会娜
刘喜宗
何凤霞
姚栋嘉
张东生
曹二伟
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种隔热阻燃布料，由内而外依次包括基材层和保护层，基材层包括骨架层、填料层和基布层，其制备方法如下：将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀，填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层，通过胶粘剂将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。本发明将填料填充到通孔型轻质骨架结构中，填料通过骨架层特殊的结构相互隔离，形成若干个独立单元，避免因某一部分的破坏而导致的整体破坏，保证结构整体的隔热阻燃性能，使结构的整体稳定性更好，通过在结构外侧贴覆阻燃绝缘膜，在保护基材层不被破坏的同时进一步增加了布料整体的阻燃性能。

Description

一种隔热阻燃布料及其制备方法
技术领域：
本发明属于隔热阻燃布料技术领域，具体涉及一种隔热阻燃布料及其制备方法。
背景技术：
纤维织物经纺织而成，由于其成分组成的缘故，大多都易燃，即使碰到些许的火星，也容易着火，或者部分烧坏，轻则表面受损，重则烧出孔洞，这严重影响了其使用效果，如果抗阻燃性不好，织物的使用会受到很大的局限性。如未经处理的天然面料、棉和亚麻，点燃之后燃烧迅速，蔓延趋势很快；由天然纤维与合成纤维混纺而成的面料也是如此，如涤棉混纺，尤其麻烦，既有天然纤维燃烧快蔓延快的特点，又有合成纤维易熔融的特性。
为了提高织物或布料的阻燃性能，现有技术中出现了很多防火阻燃布料以及防火服。目前，市场上虽有一些防火阻燃布料，但其价格高，不耐磨、不透气，甚至有的面料是一次性阻燃面料，经过洗涤后阻燃效果消失或消退，效果不理想。此外，含卤族元素的防火阻燃材料，燃烧后会产生大量有毒气体，环境污染大，给防火阻燃布料的推广使用带来很大不便，严重阻碍了阻燃布料的发展。因此，效果好、实用性强的防火阻燃布料仍是未来发展的方向和趋势。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术中存在的不足之处，提供一种隔热阻燃布料及其制备方法。
本发明为解决技术问题所采取的技术方案如下：
一种隔热阻燃布料，由内而外依次包括基材层和保护层，所述基材层包括骨架层、填料层和基布层，所述填料层填充于骨架层中，所述基布层为两层，分别置于骨架层的上下两侧，所述保护层置于基材层四周。
较好地，所述基布层由阻燃纤维丝编织成布，所述阻燃纤维丝为碳纤维、石棉、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、氟纶纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、芳纶纤维、氯纶纤维、酚醛纤维、改性腈纶纤维、改性涤纶纤维、改性丙纶纤维中的任一种。
较好地，所述骨架层的材质为金属铜、金属铝、金属钛、金属铁、金属锡中的任意一种，所述骨架层的形状为蜂巢结构、Z型、U型、M型、W型结构中的任一种。
较好地，所述填料层由气凝胶粉和阻燃填料组成，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉、三氧化二铝气凝胶粉、二氧化钛气凝胶粉、二氧化锆气凝胶粉中的任一种；所述阻燃填料为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑、磷酸盐中的任一种。
较好地，所述保护层为阻燃绝缘薄膜，所述阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚酯阻燃薄膜、聚酰亚胺阻燃薄膜、聚氧乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚碳酸酯阻燃薄膜、聚乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚苯硫醚阻燃薄膜中的任一种。
所述的隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 =（5～40）：（10～20）；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过胶粘剂或缝合的方式将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
在步骤（1）中，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉、三氧化二铝气凝胶粉、二氧化钛气凝胶粉、二氧化锆气凝胶粉中的任一种；所述阻燃填料为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑、磷酸盐中的任一种。
较好地，在步骤（2）中，所述骨架层的形状为蜂巢结构、Z型、U型、M型、W型结构中的任一种。
较好地，在步骤（2）中，所述基布层由阻燃纤维丝编织成布，所述阻燃纤维丝为碳纤维、石棉、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、氟纶纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、芳纶纤维、氯纶纤维、酚醛纤维、改性腈纶纤维、改性涤纶纤维、改性丙纶纤维中的任一种。
较好地，在步骤（3）中，所述胶粘剂为环氧树脂胶、聚氨酯胶、光学环氧胶、饱和聚酯胶、聚乙烯醇缩醛胶中的任一种；所述阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚酯阻燃薄膜、聚酰亚胺阻燃薄膜、聚氧乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚碳酸酯阻燃薄膜、聚乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚苯硫醚阻燃薄膜中的任一种。
本发明的积极有益效果如下：
1、本发明将填料填充到通孔型轻质骨架结构中，使填料能够通过骨架层特殊的结构相互隔离，形成若干个独立单元，避免因某一部分的破坏而导致的整体破坏。
2、本发明在骨架层上下两侧分别粘贴一层基布层，并在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使整个结构上下之间更加贴合，保证结构整体的隔热阻燃性能，使结构的整体稳定性更好。此外，在结构外侧贴覆阻燃绝缘膜，在保护基材层不被破坏的同时进一步增加布料整体的阻燃性能。
附图说明：
图1为本发明中隔热阻燃布料的结构示意图；
其中：1--骨架层，2--填料层，3--基布层，4--保护层。
具体实施方式：
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细、清楚地描述，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此：
实施例1：
参见图1，一种隔热阻燃布料，由内而外依次包括基材层和保护层，基材层包括骨架层1、填料层2和基布层3，填料层2填充于骨架层1中，基布层3为两层，分别置于骨架层1的上下两侧，保护层4置于基材层四周；其中，基布层3由阻燃纤维丝编织成布，填料层2由气凝胶粉和阻燃填料组成，保护层4为阻燃绝缘薄膜。
上面所述的隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 =10：12；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过胶粘剂将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
在步骤（1）中，气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉，阻燃填料为氢氧化铝。
在步骤（2）中，骨架层的材质为金属材料铝，骨架层的形状为蜂巢结构。
在步骤（2）中，基布层由碳纤维丝编织成布。
在步骤（3）中，胶粘剂为环氧树脂胶，阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚酯阻燃薄膜。
实施例2：
本实施例中隔热阻燃布料的结构和实施例1基本相同，相同之处不重述，不同之处在于：一种隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 =15：14；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过胶粘剂将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
在步骤（1）中，气凝胶粉为三氧化二铝气凝胶粉，阻燃填料为氢氧化镁。
在步骤（2）中，骨架层的材质为金属材料铜，骨架层的形状为Z型。
在步骤（2）中，基布层由玻璃纤维丝编织成布。
在步骤（3）中，胶粘剂为聚氨酯胶，阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚酰亚胺阻燃薄膜。
实施例3：
本实施例中隔热阻燃布料的结构和实施例1基本相同，相同之处不重述，不同之处在于：一种隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 = 20：15；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过缝合的方式将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
在步骤（1）中，气凝胶粉为二氧化钛气凝胶粉，阻燃填料为硼酸锌。
在步骤（2）中，骨架层的材质为金属材料钛，骨架层的形状为U型。
在步骤（2）中，基布层由氟纶纤维丝编织成布。
在步骤（3）中，胶粘剂为光学环氧胶，阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚氧乙烯阻燃薄膜。
实施例4：
本实施例中隔热阻燃布料的结构和实施例1基本相同，相同之处不重述，不同之处在于：一种隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 =25：16；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过胶粘剂将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
在步骤（1）中，气凝胶粉为二氧化锆气凝胶粉，阻燃填料为三氧化二锑。
在步骤（2）中，骨架层的材质为金属材料铁，骨架层的形状为M型。
在步骤（2）中，基布层由聚苯硫醚纤维丝编织成布。
在步骤（3）中，胶粘剂为饱和聚酯胶，阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚碳酸酯阻燃薄膜。
实施例5：
本实施例中隔热阻燃布料的结构和实施例1基本相同，相同之处不重述，不同之处在于：一种隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 =30：17；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过缝合的方式将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
在步骤（1）中，气凝胶粉为二氧化锆气凝胶粉，阻燃填料为磷酸盐。
在步骤（2）中，骨架层的材质为金属材料锡，骨架层的形状为W型。
在步骤（2）中，基布层由氯纶纤维丝编织成布。
在步骤（3）中，阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚乙烯阻燃薄膜。
实施例6：
本实施例中隔热阻燃布料的结构和实施例1基本相同，相同之处不重述，不同之处在于：一种隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 = 35：19；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过胶粘剂将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
在步骤（1）中，三氧化二铝气凝胶粉，阻燃填料为三氧化二锑。
在步骤（2）中，骨架层的材质为金属材料铜，骨架层的形状为蜂巢结构。
在步骤（2）中，基布层由改性涤纶纤维丝编织成布。
在步骤（3）中，胶粘剂为饱和聚酯胶，阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚苯硫醚阻燃薄膜。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种隔热阻燃布料，其特征在于：所述隔热阻燃布料由内而外依次包括基材层和保护层，所述基材层包括骨架层（1）、填料层（2）和基布层（3），所述填料层（2）填充于骨架层（1）中，所述基布层（3）为两层，分别置于骨架层（1）的上下两侧，所述保护层（4）置于基材层四周。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔热阻燃布料，其特征在于：所述基布层（3）由阻燃纤维丝编织成布，所述阻燃纤维丝为碳纤维、石棉、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、氟纶纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、芳纶纤维、氯纶纤维、酚醛纤维、改性腈纶纤维、改性涤纶纤维、改性丙纶纤维中的任一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的隔热阻燃布料，其特征在于：所述骨架层（1）的材质为金属铜、金属铝、金属钛、金属铁、金属锡中的任意一种，所述骨架层（1）的形状为蜂巢结构、Z型、U型、M型、W型结构中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的隔热阻燃布料，其特征在于：所述填料层（2）由气凝胶粉和阻燃填料组成，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉、三氧化二铝气凝胶粉、二氧化钛气凝胶粉、二氧化锆气凝胶粉中的任一种；所述阻燃填料为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑、磷酸盐中的任一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的隔热阻燃布料，其特征在于：所述保护层（4）为阻燃绝缘薄膜，所述阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚酯阻燃薄膜、聚酰亚胺阻燃薄膜、聚氧乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚碳酸酯阻燃薄膜、聚乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚苯硫醚阻燃薄膜中的任一种。
6.权利要求1～5任一项所述的隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，制备步骤如下：
（1）将气凝胶粉、阻燃填料混合均匀得到混合料A；其中，以质量份数计，气凝胶粉：阻燃填料 =（5～40）：（10～20）；
（2）将混合料A填充到骨架层中，在骨架层上下两侧各粘贴一层基布层，然后在两层基布层上下两端施加力，使内侧骨架层上下更加贴合，得到基材层；
（3）通过胶粘剂或缝合的方式将阻燃绝缘薄膜粘贴在基材层上，即可得到所制备的隔热阻燃布料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤（1）中，所述气凝胶粉为二氧化硅气凝胶粉、三氧化二铝气凝胶粉、二氧化钛气凝胶粉、二氧化锆气凝胶粉中的任一种；所述阻燃填料为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、三氧化二锑、磷酸盐中的任一种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤（2）中，所述骨架层（1）的材质为金属铜、金属铝、金属钛、金属铁、金属锡中的任意一种，所述骨架层的形状为蜂巢结构、Z型、U型、M型、W型结构中的任一种。
9.根据权利要求6所述的隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤（2）中，所述基布层由阻燃纤维丝编织成布，所述阻燃纤维丝为碳纤维、石棉、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、氟纶纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、芳纶纤维、氯纶纤维、酚醛纤维、改性腈纶纤维、改性涤纶纤维、改性丙纶纤维中的任一种。
10.根据权利要求6所述的隔热阻燃布料的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤（3）中，所述胶粘剂为环氧树脂胶、聚氨酯胶、光学环氧胶、饱和聚酯胶、聚乙烯醇缩醛胶中的任一种；所述阻燃绝缘薄膜为聚酯阻燃薄膜、聚酰亚胺阻燃薄膜、聚氧乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚碳酸酯阻燃薄膜、聚乙烯阻燃薄膜、聚苯硫醚阻燃薄膜中的任一种。
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