CN111869380A - plant-SMFC system for generating electricity and restoring algae-rich water and application equipment thereof - Google Patents
plant-SMFC system for generating electricity and restoring algae-rich water and application equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869380A CN111869380A CN202010684566.6A CN202010684566A CN111869380A CN 111869380 A CN111869380 A CN 111869380A CN 202010684566 A CN202010684566 A CN 202010684566A CN 111869380 A CN111869380 A CN 111869380A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant-SMFC system for generating electricity and restoring algae-rich water and application equipment thereof, wherein the plant in the system is hydrilla verticillata, the system comprises a cathode and an anode which are made of graphite materials, the anode is positioned in sediment of the water, the cathode is positioned in overlying water, a resistor is electrically connected between the cathode and the anode and is connected with an external electric appliance in parallel, the sediment contains deposited algae, and compared with other plants, the plant-SMFC system adopting hydrilla verticillata can obviously enhance the electricity generating capacity of the SMFC and has better synergistic effect. The device for planting the hydrilla verticillata can bring hydrilla verticillata seedlings to the surface of underwater bottom mud, and can insert the roots of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings into the bottom mud, so that the hydrilla verticillata seedlings can be planted quickly and in a large area, the difficulty of planting the hydrilla verticillata seedlings is reduced, the roots of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings are inserted into the bottom mud, the hydrilla verticillata seedlings are prevented from floating upwards, and the survival rate of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrilla verticillata cultivation, in particular to a plant-SMFC system for generating electricity and repairing algae-rich water and application equipment thereof.
Background
With the development of economy in China, the industrialization and urbanization processes are accelerated, the water quantity of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater is increased, a large amount of untreated or unqualified wastewater is discharged into natural water bodies, so that water bodies such as rivers and lakes are polluted, and a large amount of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal, persistent organic matters and the like are accumulated in the water bodies nowadays, so that the water bodies cause great threat to the domestic and production water of people;
meanwhile, the pollution release of the bottom sediment to the water body is also a main concern, pollutants can migrate and convert between the water body and the bottom sediment, when the external pollution is effectively controlled, the bottom sediment is taken as the internal source pollution of the water body, the pollutants in the bottom sediment can be released to the water body, and the water quality of the water body is directly influenced;
submerged plant restoration has important significance for the construction of a stable and well-functioning fresh water ecosystem, and is widely considered as a key means for realizing the conversion from algae type to grass type lakes (Ge et al, 2018). After the algae in the lake water body is settled into the bottom mud, the degradation products can be effectively utilized and promoted by submerged plants (Li et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2010). However, deep degradation of algae severely worsens the physical environment of the water, drastically reduces the dissolved oxygen content of the water, reduces the light transmission of the bottom layer, and severely lacks oxygen at the interface (Pucciarelli et al, 2008; Liu et al, 2015), which directly inhibits submerged plant seed germination and growth (Holmer and Bondgaard, 2001; Colmer and Flowers, 2008). In addition, the deep degradation of algae is accompanied by the production of a large number of reducing compounds, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ferrous iron (Fe2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+ -N), which in turn causes "black and odorous" in the water. These compounds are all toxic substances capable of significantly inhibiting the growth of submerged plants (Wanget al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2013; Rivetti et al., 2015). Therefore, in order to effectively utilize deposited algae as nutrient for the growth of submerged plants, the degradation process and rate thereof need to be reasonably regulated.
The use of non-biodegradable aluminum and iron salts (Deng et al, 2017), algaecides (Joo et al, 2017) and other chemicals (Laue et al, 2014) can temporarily control water body deterioration caused by algae degradation. However, the chemical residues have potential toxic effects on the submerged plants, and are not beneficial to the implementation of the subsequent submerged plant recovery engineering. For example, it has been shown that aluminum salts at certain concentrations cause significant biological toxicity to submerged plants, both tape grass and hydrilla verticillata (Lin et al, 2017). Furthermore, chemical methods do not fundamentally affect the degradation of algae. Sediment dredging directly removes algae-rich sediment, improves the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediment, weakens the anaerobic degradation of deposited algae, and can effectively prevent the generation and development of black and odorous water (Liu et al, 2015). However, during the dredging process, the sediment particles are inevitably re-suspended and the pollutants are inevitably released to the water body, so that secondary pollution is caused. Therefore, it is not recommended to use the above method in combination with submerged plants in algae-rich water for recovery. Finding other stable technologies which can obviously influence the degradation process of the deposited algae and matching with the submerged plant recovery has important scientific significance and engineering application prospect.
Sedimentary Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) technology has received much attention in the last two decades. As a novel biological energy technology, the SMFC has the advantages that the function of effectively improving sediments and water environment is focused on by the academic world at present, and meanwhile, the SMFC is low in cost and has a potential application prospect. Bond et al (2002) have found for the first time that a closed loop formed by placing two pieces of conductive material into anaerobic substrate sludge and aerobic water respectively can generate electric current. The principle of the method is not essentially different from that of the traditional Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), but the method has the following advantages that the MFC does not have: no need of adding proton exchange membrane, and higher electron transfer efficiency. The enrichment of electrogenesis microorganisms on the surface of the anode is stimulated in the microbial electron transfer process, so that the degradation of organic matters in the substrate is accelerated, and the oxidation-reduction potential of sediments is improved. In addition, the introduction of the anode changes the metabolic pathway of the valence compounds in the anaerobic sediments, and the production of reducing compounds such as methane (CH4), H2S, NH4+ and the like is remarkably inhibited.
Based on the above functions of SMFC, we assume if it can affect the degradation process of sedimentary algae, control the release of algae-derived reducing compounds, and further alleviate the growth stress of sedimentary algae on submerged plants, and if the electricity generation energy further promotes the utilization of sediment algae nutrients by submerged plants, thereby promoting the recovery of submerged plants? Through a series of experimental experiments and data researches, the plant-SMFC system can be used for power generation and algae-rich water body restoration, and the hydrilla verticillata adopted by the plant-SMFC system has remarkable synergistic advantages compared with other plants.
When sediment is repaired, hydrilla verticillata needs to be planted in sediment of a water body, and roots of hydrilla verticillata need to be inserted into the sediment in the water body, so that inconvenience is caused by artificial underwater planting of hydrilla verticillata, the difficulty of hydrilla verticillata in the planting process is increased, and the root system of hydrilla verticillata is easily separated from the sediment when the sediment (upper sediment) close to the water is shallow due to the fact that the hydrilla verticillata is inserted into the sediment, so that hydrilla verticillata is easy to float upwards to cause low survival rate of the hydrilla verticillata, and meanwhile, in order to install a cathode plate and an anode plate in place when the hydrilla verticillata is planted, a plant-SMFC system for generating electricity and repairing the alga-rich water body and application equipment thereof are.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plant-SMFC system for generating electricity and restoring algae-rich water and application equipment thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a plant-SMFC system for power generation and algae-rich water body restoration is characterized in that a plant in the system is hydrilla verticillata, the system comprises a cathode and an anode which are made of graphite materials, the anode is located in bottom mud of a water body, the cathode is located in overlying water, a resistor is electrically connected between the cathode and the anode and is connected with an external electric appliance in parallel, and the bottom mud contains deposited algae.
In order to realize underwater planting of hydrilla verticillata, the invention provides application equipment, namely plant-SMFC system application equipment for generating electricity and restoring algae-rich water, which comprises a support plate, wherein a plurality of rows of hole grooves are formed in the support plate, two clamping plates which are used for clamping hydrilla verticillata seedlings and are in a semi-conical shape are rotatably connected inside each hole groove, the clamping plates are driven to rotate through a linkage device to clamp or loosen the hydrilla verticillata seedlings, and two ends of the support plate are fixedly connected with lifting ropes.
Preferably, the linkage device comprises a movable frame, the movable frame is driven to move through a steering engine, a plurality of toothed frames are arranged on two sides of the movable frame, gears are meshed inside the toothed frames and are connected with the gears, and the gears are fixed at the end parts of the clamping plate rotating shafts.
Preferably, a waist-shaped groove is formed in the side wall of the movable frame, a bolt is arranged inside the waist-shaped groove, and the inner end of the bolt is fixedly connected to the side wall of the supporting plate.
Preferably, the middle part of the supporting plate is provided with a fixed block, the inside of the fixed block is movably inserted with a stand column, the side walls of the upper end and the lower end of the stand column are provided with a cathode plate and an anode plate, the inner side wall of the fixed block is provided with an elastic ejector rod, the end part of the elastic ejector rod is pressed on a platform arranged on the outer side wall of the stand column, and a gasket used for fixing the stand column is arranged between the fixed block and the stand column.
Preferably, both ends of the supporting plate are fixedly provided with motors, and the output shafts of the motors are fixedly connected with drill rods.
Preferably, a cavity is formed in the upright column, resistors are arranged in the cavity and are connected with the cathode plate and the anode plate through leads, and a group of lines connected with the resistors in parallel are led out of the cathode plate and the anode plate.
Preferably, a table is arranged below the supporting plate, and four corners of the table are fixedly connected with ejection columns.
Preferably, the lower end of the clamping plate is fixedly connected with a conical plate, and a sludge inlet groove is formed in the side wall of the conical plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the black algae seedlings are clamped by the clamping plates, so that when the supporting plate is submerged into water, the black algae seedlings can be brought to the surface of the underwater bottom mud, and the roots of the black algae seedlings can be inserted into the bottom mud, the black algae seedlings can be planted rapidly in a large area, the difficulty of planting the black algae seedlings is reduced, and the roots of the black algae seedlings are inserted into the bottom mud, so that the black algae seedlings are prevented from floating upwards, and the survival rate of the black algae seedlings is improved;
2. after the drilling rod is driven by the motor to rotate, the drilling rod drills into the bottom sediment, the drilling rod can be driven to drive the supporting plate to move downwards, then the supporting plate is pressed by the stand column to insert into the bottom sediment, in this way, the stand column can drive the anode plate to insert into the inside of the bottom sediment, and meanwhile, the stand column supports the cathode plate to be located in the water above the bottom sediment, so that the cathode plate and the anode plate are installed in place in one step when black algae are planted, and the working efficiency is improved.
3. The plant-deposition type microbial fuel cell technology is adopted, a proton exchange membrane is not required to be added, and the electron transfer efficiency is higher. The enrichment of electrogenesis microorganisms on the surface of the anode is stimulated in the microbial electron transfer process, so that the degradation of organic matters in the substrate is accelerated, the oxidation-reduction potential of the deposit is improved, in addition, the introduction of the anode changes the metabolic pathway of valence compounds in anaerobic deposits, the generation of reducing compounds such as methane, H2S, NH4+ and the like is obviously inhibited, the release of algae-derived reducing compounds is favorably controlled, the growth stress of deposited algae on submerged plants is relieved, the utilization of nutrients of sediment algae by the submerged plants is further promoted while electricity is generated, the recovery of the submerged plants is promoted, and the electrogenesis capability of the SMFC can be obviously enhanced by adopting the hydrilla verticillata compared with other plants, so that the synergistic effect is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram I of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken at A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the support plate, table and top post of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram II of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the invention at B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram III of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the invention at C of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the present invention at the point of the clamping plate and gear;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view at the upright, cathode and anode plates of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the support plate, the fixing block, the elastic push rod and the upright post of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention at the location of the posts, resistors, leads, cathode plates and anode plates;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the closed structure of the clamping plate, the conical plate and the mud inlet groove of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the open structure of the clamping plate, the conical plate and the mud inlet groove of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the clamp plate, the conical plate and the mud intake trough of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of experiments for system validation according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a graph of voltage versus time illustrating the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph of the change in oxygen concentration at the sediment-water interface of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a microbiology clustering plot of the cathode surface relative abundance ranking top 75 according to the invention;
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of 15N contained in (a) roots per mass and sediments and (b) stems per mass and roots in the course of the experiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a supporting plate, 2, a hole groove, 3, a clamping plate, 4, a linkage device, 401, a movable frame, 402, a steering engine, 403, a tooth frame, 404, a gear, 5, a lifting rope, 6, a waist-shaped groove, 7, a bolt, 8, a black algae seedling, 9, a fixing block, 10, an upright post, 11, a cathode plate, 12, an anode plate, 13, an elastic ejector rod, 14, a gasket, 15, a motor, 16, a drill rod, 17, a resistor, 18, a lead, 19, a table, 20, an ejector column, 21, a conical plate, 22 and a mud inlet groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-19, the present invention provides a plant-SMFC system for power generation and algae-rich water restoration, wherein the plant in the system is hydrilla verticillata, the system comprises a cathode and an anode made of graphite material, the anode is located in sediment of a water body, the cathode is located in overlying water, a resistor is electrically connected between the cathode and the anode, the resistor is connected in parallel with an external electrical appliance, and the sediment contains deposited algae. The method is characterized in that algae are aquatic plants existing in most lakes, sedimentary algae can be used as nutrient substances to promote recovery of the submerged plants, deep degradation of the sedimentary algae can also cause recession of the submerged plants, and therefore the degradation process and rate of the algae in the sediment need to be regulated.
In order to verify the function and superiority of the hydrilla verticillata-deposited algae-SMFC system, we performed a verification experiment comprising 6 sets of specific examples, as shown in fig. 15, open SMFC (control group, 3 glass tube, control) open SMFC + plant (plant treatment, 15 glass tube, plant), open SMFC + deposited algae (algae treatment, 12 glass tube, algae), open SMFC + deposited algae + plant (algae-plant treatment, 15 glass tube, algae-plant), closed SMFC + deposited algae (algae-cell treatment, 12 glass tube, algae-SMFC), closed SMFC + deposited algae + plant treatment (algae-plant-cell treatment, 15 glass tube, algae-plant-SMFC), graphite was vertically fixed under the muddy water interface as an anode, the same graphite was vertically fixed above the muddy water interface as a cathode, each electrode was connected with a lead wire, for closed-circuit treatment, a 1000 omega resistor is externally connected, for open-circuit treatment, the external resistor is not connected, and each glass tube is injected15N-labelled algae (wet weight ratio to substrate sludge 10%).
The experiment takes a 62-day cycle as an example, the algae-hydrilla verticillata-SMFC and the algae-SMFC are compared, as shown in figure 16, the algae-SMFC represents an algae-SMFC system, and the algae-plant-SMFC represents an algae-hydrilla verticillata-SMFC system, wherein (a) is the change of voltage along with time in the treatment of the algae-SMFC and the algae-plant-SMFC; (b) is the change of anode potential with time in the algae-SMFC and algae-plant-SMFC treatment. All data are presented as mean and standard deviation (n-3).
It can be seen that the difference of the initial electricity generation voltage is not obvious, but the electricity generation voltage of the following alga-hydrilla verticillata-SMFC system is significantly higher than that of the alga-SMFC system, which indicates that hydrilla verticillata can significantly enhance the electricity generation of SMFC when the alga is used as an electricity generation substrate, which is unexpected compared with the previous research results, because in the previous research on the representative tape grass of aquatic submerged plants, it is concluded that the submerged plant tape grass can significantly reduce the electricity generation of SMFC (Xu et al, 2017), so the alga-plant SMFC system is always considered to be not beneficial to the increase of electricity generation under the same field condition. To explain that the avoidance of the phenomenon is caused by system errors and to seek a principle, we carried out further detailed analysis, the oxygen secreted by the roots of the tape grass compete for electrons with the anode, so as to cause the shunting of the electrons from the anode to the root zone of the plant, cause higher anode potential loss and reduce the electron transfer efficiency of the anode.
The oxygen secreted by the roots of the tape grass compete with the anode for electrons, causing the shunting of the electrons from the anode to the root zone of the plant, resulting in higher anode potential loss and reduced electron transfer efficiency of the anode. Whereas the root system of hydrilla verticillata secretes oxygen and does not reduce SMFC electrogenesis unlike the idea evident in the same field, see fig. 17.
In addition, data tables 1 and 2 are obtained by carrying out data detection and analysis on 6 groups in the experiment and summarizing,
TABLE 1 significance level of impact of treatment, sampling time and their interaction on water, sediment and plant properties (two-factor repeated measures ANOVA)
p < 0.05 defines significant df as degrees of freedom.
TABLE 2 Fe (II), SO in the interstitial water of the treatment deposits4 2-、CH4Acetic acid and oxalic acid changes over time
All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n ═ 3). p is less than 0.05, which has statistical significance. Different lower case letters represent significant differences, and df is the degree of freedom.
It can be seen that the electricity generation significantly increases the interstitial water soluble Fe2+In an amount such that ferrous iron is an electron shuttle between the anode and the microbial cells, the microbial degradation of algae to produce electrons can be via Fe2+With Fe3+The redox cycle process between the two is transferred to the anode, and the electricity generation also increases SO in the interstitial water4 2-Content, indicated by S in the algae-SMFC treatment2-With SO4 2-Also participate in the generation of electricity. At the moment, the hydrilla verticillata increases SO in interstitial water4 2-Content (p)<0.05) supplying SO to the anode4 2-Participate in the generation of electricity, which should be the reason why hydrilla verticillata increases the SMFC electricity production.
In addition, the cluster analysis is carried out on the genus with the relative abundance of the cathode surface ranked at the top 75, as shown in fig. 18, Geobacter, Nitrospira, Terrimonas, Albidiferax and Alkaliphilus are the genera with the top five ranked, and the hydrilla increases the DO content of the water body, and further promotes the enrichment of three bacteria, namely Rhodobacter, Denitratisoma and Rheinheimera, on the algae-hydrilla-SMFC processing cathode. In the algae-hydrilla verticillata-SMFC treatment, some Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRBs) including desulfobulcus, desulfobulb, Desulfomonile and Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOBs) including Thiobacillus and Sulfuritalea were significantly increased in abundance compared to no-plant treatment. For example, desulfomonile (thiobacillus) accounts for 0.17% (0.42%) of the total abundance in the algae-hydrilla-SMFC treated group, but only 0.14% (0.36%) in the algae-SMFC treated group. The simultaneous enrichment of SOB and SRB again confirms that hydrilla verticillata can provide SO for the anode4 2-Participating in the SMFC power generation.
In addition, the study indicates that the SMFC relieves the stress from sedimentary algae and improves the growth of hydrilla verticillata, and the electricity generation and the water body recovery can be performed synergistically. As shown in FIG. 19, for the algae-plant-SMFC treatment, the root and stem mass per unit15The ratio of N content was reduced in phase III and was significantly lower than algae-plant treatment (p) at day 38<0.05). In addition, the detection and calculation of the root mass per unit of plant15The N content was significantly lower in algae-plant-SMFC treatment than in algae-plant (p)<0.05). These results are due to the decrease in the content of N in the available state which can be assimilated by the root zone of the plant in the closed circuit and which, according to experimental data, can be obtainedAlthough the growth of the hydrilla verticillata roots is inhibited, the growth of the stems is significantly promoted (p)<0.05). Unit mass of stem and root15The proportion of the N content in the algae-plant-SMFC treatment is significantly higher than that in the algae-plant treatment, which indicates that closed circuit conditions promote the absorption of N from the water body by the hydrilla verticillata. And experimental data can show that the FAA content in the hydrilla verticillata stem is obviously higher than that under the condition of open circuit (p)<0.05) because the electricity generation at this stage increases the NH in the water body4 +The content (see table 1 and table 3 for specific data). In addition, high levels of SCs in the plant stem facilitate its uptake and enrichment of N. As discussed above, the increased production of electricity in the plant stems is primarily due to algae-derived CH in the sediment4Conversion to CO2For generating electricity. The results show that the electricity generation can effectively utilize the sedimentary algae as C and N sources to promote the growth of the stem of the hydrilla verticillata in the slow degradation period of the sediment algae. In addition, the algae-derived P under electrogenesis is adsorbed in the sediment, and can provide Fe (III) -P for the hydrilla verticillata root, and the Fe (III) -P is absorbed and utilized by plants.
TABLE 3 NH in the experiment4 +,NO2 -,NO3 -Change in DON and DIC content with time
Meanwhile, the rapid degradation period of the algae is obtained in the experimental process, the growth of the hydrilla verticillata is stable in the treatment of the algae-plant-SMFC, the MDA content is obviously lower than that of the algae-plant treatment, but the contents of POD and SOD are opposite (p)<0.05). These results indicate that electrogenesis suppresses the stress of hydrilla verticillata on hydrilla verticillata. SMFC can effectively improve the redox potential of the sediment by introducing an external electron acceptor, and therefore, direct damage to plants from the lack of oxygen in the sediment due to degradation by algae can be effectively alleviated. Furthermore, it may be associated with the electrogenesis removal of the major reducing phytotoxins. On days 50 and 62, NH in interstitial water (cover water) under electrogenesis4 +The concentrations dropped from 61.40(6.31) and 62.50(8.38) mg/L to 26.70(2.36) and 20.10(2.21) mg/L, respectively (Table 3). Low content of NH in interstitial water4 +Resulting in a significant reduction of FAA accumulation in hydrilla verticillata roots compared to algal-plant treatment (p)<0.05). At this time, the C-N metabolism of the hydrilla verticillata root is relatively balanced, and the alga-derived NH4 +The stress to the hydrilla verticillata root is obviously relieved under the condition of generating electricity. As shown in figure 19 of the drawings,15the migration rate of N from the sediment to the plant root system is kept stable, which indicates that the sediment algae can be used as a stable nutrient source for the hydrilla verticillata root system in the power generation state. In addition, the unit mass of the root and stem of hydrilla verticillata15The ratio of the N content is continuously increased, which shows that the plant stem also continuously absorbs the algae-derived N from the water body at the moment, and the content of the SCs and the FAA which are relatively stable in the hydrilla verticillata stem is consistent.
Therefore, in the comprehensive research process, compared with other submerged plants, the hydrilla verticillata has the synergistic effect of power generation and water body restoration in the water body environment rich in the algae bottom mud, can realize high-efficiency power generation and plant growth, and has the application prospect of water body restoration and energy utilization in the algae bottom mud.
In order to implement the algae-hydrilla verticillata-SMFC system in water bodies quickly, the invention provides the same application equipment of the plant-SMFC system for generating electricity and restoring algae-rich water bodies, which comprises a support plate 1, wherein a plurality of rows of hole grooves 2 are formed in the support plate 1, two clamping plates 3 which are used for clamping hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 and are in a semi-cone shape are rotatably connected in each hole groove 2, the clamping plates 3 are driven to rotate through a linkage device 4 to clamp or release the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8, as shown in figure 5, when the clamping plates 3 clamp the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8, the two clamping plates 3 positioned in the same hole groove 2 are spliced into a cone (the lower end is large to enable roots to pass through and then clamped at a relatively thin neck position, and the upper layer is an expanded stem leaf part to be stably placed), the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can be conveniently clamped in the root bottom mud (algae-rich bottom mud), as shown in fig. 7, when the splint 3 is in an open state, the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can be loosened, the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can be planted conveniently, the lifting ropes 5 are fixedly connected to the two ends of the support plate 1, and the lifting ropes 5 play a role in suspending the device in a hanging manner, namely, after the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 are clamped by the splint 3, the support plate 1 can be submerged on the surface of bottom mud by loosening the lifting ropes 5 downwards, the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can be planted conveniently, and after the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 are planted, the lifting ropes 5 can be pulled out of the water surface of the support plate 1 by winding the lifting ropes 5 upwards, so that the work efficiency of planting the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 is improved.
In order to realize that the clamping plates 3 can be opened and closed simultaneously, specifically, the linkage device 4 comprises a movable frame 401, the movable frame 401 is driven to move by a steering engine 402, as shown in fig. 4, the steering engine 402 is fixed on the side wall of the supporting plate 1, a plurality of toothed frames 403 are arranged on two sides of the movable frame 401, gears 404 are meshed and connected inside the plurality of toothed frames 403, the gears 404 are fixed at the end parts of the rotating shafts of the clamping plates 3, the plurality of clamping plates 3 share two rotating shafts, as shown in fig. 5, 7 and 8, when the steering engine 402 is started to enable the steering engine 402 to control the movable frame 401 to move upwards, the movable frame 401 drives the toothed frames 403 to move upwards, then the toothed driving gears 404 inside the toothed frames rotate, so that the gears 404 can drive the rotating shafts of the clamping plates 3 to rotate, thereby realizing that the clamping plates 3 are opened, otherwise, when the steering engine 402 is started to enable the, the clamping plate 3 will be closed.
In order to enable the movable frame 401 to vertically move on the support plate 1, specifically, a waist-shaped groove 6 is formed in the side wall of the movable frame 401, a bolt 7 is arranged inside the waist-shaped groove 6, and the inner end of the bolt 7 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support plate 1, as shown in fig. 5-7, the opening direction of the waist-shaped groove 6 is the vertical direction, when the movable frame 401 moves upwards or downwards, the bolt 7 can slide relatively inside the waist-shaped groove 6, then the bolt 7 slides relatively with the waist-shaped groove 6, a limiting effect is provided for sliding of the movable frame 401, and vertical movement of the movable frame 401 on the support plate 1 is further guaranteed.
Specifically, the middle part of the supporting plate 1 is provided with a fixing block 9, the inside of the fixing block 9 is movably inserted with an upright post 10, as shown in fig. 11, the lower end of the upright post 10 is in a conical shape, so that the lower end of the upright post 10 can be conveniently inserted into the bottom mud, and the lower end side wall of the upright post 10 is provided with an annular groove, when the lower end of the upright post 10 is inserted into the bottom mud, the annular groove can increase the attaching degree of the upright post 10 and the bottom mud, so that the upright post 10 is fixed in a state of inserting the bottom mud, the upper and lower end side walls of the upright post 10 are provided with a cathode plate 11 and an anode plate 12, as shown in fig. 4, when the upright post 10 is fixed in the fixing block 9, the cathode plate 11 is positioned at the upper side of the supporting plate 1, and the anode plate 12 is positioned at the lower side of the supporting plate 1, so that the anode plate 12 can be inserted into, an elastic ejector rod 13 is arranged on the inner side wall of the fixed block 9, the end part of the elastic ejector rod 13 is pressed against a platform arranged on the outer side wall of the upright post 10, as shown in fig. 10, the elastic ejector rod 13 is V-shaped, one end of the elastic ejector rod 13 is embedded into the side wall of the fixed block 9, the other end of the elastic ejector rod 13 is positioned in the inner ring of the fixed block 9, after the upright post 10 is inserted into the fixed block 9, the end part of the elastic ejector rod 13 is pressed against the platform arranged on the outer side wall of the upright post 10, when the support plate 1 moves downwards (the lower end of the upright post 10 is contacted with bottom mud), the upright post 10 is pressed by the elastic ejector rod 13 to move downwards, otherwise, after the lower end of the upright post 10 is inserted into the bottom mud, the support plate 1 is pulled upwards, at the moment, the upright post 10 is fixed in the bottom mud and does not move upwards along with the, as shown in fig. 9-10, the gasket 14 is made of rubber, and after the upright post 10 is inserted into the fixing block 9, the gasket 14 is squeezed between the fixing block 9 and the upright post 10 to increase friction between the fixing block 9 and the upright post 10, so that the upright post 10 can be fixed inside the fixing block 9.
In order to ensure that the upright column 10 can be inserted into the bottom sediment with the anode plate 12, specifically, the two ends of the support plate 1 are fixedly provided with the motors 15, the output shafts of the motors 15 are fixedly connected with the drill rods 16, as shown in fig. 4, when the motors 15 are started, the output shafts of the motors 15 drive the drill rods 16 to rotate, when the lower ends of the drill rods 16 are in contact with the bottom sediment, the drill rods 16 can drill towards the inside of the bottom sediment, so that the support plate 1 can be driven by the drill rods 16 to move downwards, and then, as the support plate 1 moves downwards, the support plate 1 can apply downward pressing force to the upright column 10 through the elastic push rods 13, and press the lower ends of the upright column 10 into the inside of.
Specifically, the inside of stand 10 is opened has cavity 101, the inside of cavity 101 is equipped with resistance 17, and resistance 17 all is connected with negative plate 11, anode plate 12 through wire 18, and negative plate 11, anode plate 12, resistance 17 and wire 18 constitute microbial fuel cell (SMFC), and SMFC plays for alleviating the coercion to the black algae, has promoted the growth of black algae with the substrate algae as the nutrient source simultaneously, a set of circuit that is parallelly connected with resistance 17 has been drawn forth to the outside on negative plate 11, the anode plate 12, and in the process of growing of black algae seedling 8, the electric energy that produces can pass through the circuit and transmit to the outside to provide the electric energy for outside consumer.
Particularly, for used repeatedly this device, need carry the seedling many times, the below of backup pad 1 is equipped with desk 19, the four corners fixedly connected with fore-set 20 of desk 19, fore-set 20 plays the effect of supporting backup pad 1, avoids the lower extreme of splint 3 and the desktop of desk 19 to contact the back, interferes splint 3's activity, when placing backup pad 1 on desk 19 after, is convenient for put into splint 3 with black algae seedling 8 (when black algae seedling 8 is put into, as shown in fig. 1-2, the root of black algae seedling 8 is in the below of splint 3, when splint 3 are closed, splint 3's lower extreme is equipped with the hole, and the stem of black algae seedling 8 is in the hole, avoids splint 3 to press from both sides and hinders black algae seedling 8).
Specifically, in order to more stably contain the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 and minimize the root stress during planting, the lower end of the clamping plate 3 is fixedly connected with a conical plate 21, the conical plate 21 and the clamping plate 3 can be connected in a welded manner, the roots of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 are positioned in the space between the conical plate 21 and the clamping plate 3, the side wall of the conical plate 21 is provided with a mud inlet groove 22, when the clamping plate 3 clamps the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 and inserts into the sediment, the conical plate 21 props up the sediment, so that the roots of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can be prevented from being extruded and damaged, the survival of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 is facilitated, and the sediment propped by the conical plate 21 can flow into the conical plate 21 from the mud inlet groove 22 (the sediment flows in the direction of the arrow shown in fig. 14) along with the insertion of the conical plate 21 into the sediment, so that the roots of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 are buried by the sediment in the conical plate 21, then the black algae seedlings 8 can be planted after the splints 3 are opened.
The working principle is as follows: when the device is used, as shown in the figure 1-2, the support plate 1 is placed on a table 19, the steering engine 402 is started to enable the clamping plates 3 to rotate and open (the roots of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can pass through), at the moment, each hydrilla verticillata seedling 8 is respectively placed between the two clamping plates 3 in the same hole groove 2, the roots of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can pass through the gap between the two clamping plates 3, after the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 are placed, the steering engine 402 is reversely started, the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can be clamped by the two clamping plates 3 (the root systems of the hydrilla verticillata seedlings 8 can be positioned below the clamping plates 3), the device is lifted from the table 19 through the lifting rope 5, the upright post 10 is inserted into the inside of the fixed block 9, the device is placed into water, the device is gradually submerged into the water by releasing the lifting rope 5 downwards, the motor 15 is opened in the process, when the drill pipe 16 is close to bottom mud, the drill pipe 16 can drill into the deep position of, make stand 10 to the inside vertical insertion of bed mud through drilling rod 16 then, at this moment, anode plate 12 of stand 10 lower extreme can insert to the bed mud along with stand 10 in, and, when drilling rod 16 continued to drill downwards, splint 3 can be close to the final inside that its lower extreme of bed mud can inject the bed mud gradually (the root of black algae seedling 8 can be pressed down to the bed mud in by splint 3), then start steering wheel 402, make activity frame 401 upwards slide, so just so can make the lower extreme of splint 3 open, then upwards promote backup pad 1 through lifting rope 5, the root of black algae seedling 8 and stand 10 are detained in the bed mud this moment, then realize planting of black algae seedling 8 and the installation of stand 10.
Claims (9)
1. A plant-SMFC system for electrogenesis and algae-rich water body restoration is characterized in that: the plant in the system is hydrilla verticillata, the system comprises a cathode and an anode which are made of graphite materials, the anode is positioned in bottom mud of a water body, the cathode is positioned in overlying water, a resistor is electrically connected between the cathode and the anode and is connected with an external electric appliance in parallel, and the bottom mud contains deposited alga.
2. A plant-SMFC system application equipment for generating electricity and restoring algae-rich water is characterized in that: including backup pad (1), its characterized in that: open on backup pad (1) and have multirow hole groove (2), the inside rotation of every hole groove (2) is connected with two splint (3) that are used for centre gripping hydrilla verticillata seedling (8) and shape to be half cone form, splint (3) are rotated through aggregate unit (4) drive and are realized splint (3) to the centre gripping of hydrilla verticillata seedling (8) or loosen, the both ends fixedly connected with lifting rope (5) of backup pad (1).
3. The plant-SMFC system application device for electrogenesis, algal-rich water restoration according to claim 2, wherein: the linkage device (4) comprises a movable frame (401), the movable frame (401) is driven to move through a steering engine (402), a plurality of tooth frames (403) are arranged on two sides of the movable frame (401), gears (404) are meshed inside the tooth frames (403), and the gears (404) are fixed at the end parts of the rotating shafts of the clamping plates (3).
4. The plant-SMFC system application device for electrogenesis, algal-rich water restoration according to claim 3, wherein: it has waist type groove (6) to open on the lateral wall of movable frame (401), the inside in waist type groove (6) is equipped with bolt (7), just the inner fixed connection of bolt (7) is on the lateral wall of backup pad (1).
5. The plant-SMFC system application device for electrogenesis, algal-rich water restoration according to claim 2, wherein: the middle part of backup pad (1) is equipped with fixed block (9), the inside activity of fixed block (9) is pegged graft and is had stand (10), be equipped with negative plate (11) and anode plate (12) on the upper and lower both ends lateral wall of stand (10), be equipped with elasticity ejector pin (13) on the inside wall of fixed block (9), just the tip roof pressure of elasticity ejector pin (13) is equipped with on the platform that stand (10) lateral wall was equipped with, be equipped with packing ring (14) that are used for fixed post (10) between fixed block (9) and stand (10).
6. The plant-SMFC system application device for electrogenesis, algal-rich water restoration according to claim 5, wherein: the drill rod support is characterized in that motors (15) are fixedly mounted at two ends of the support plate (1), and drill rods (16) are fixedly connected to output shafts of the motors (15).
7. The plant-SMFC system application device for electrogenesis, algal-rich water restoration according to claim 6, wherein: the utility model discloses a vertical column, including stand (10), the inside of stand (10) is opened there is cavity (101), the inside of cavity (101) is equipped with resistance (17), just resistance (17) all are connected with negative plate (11), anode plate (12) through wire (18), a set of circuit parallelly connected with resistance (17) is drawn forth to the outside on negative plate (11), anode plate (12).
8. The plant-SMFC system application device for electrogenesis, algal-rich water restoration according to claim 3, wherein: a table (19) is arranged below the supporting plate (1), and four corners of the table (19) are fixedly connected with ejection columns (20).
9. The plant-SMFC system application device for electrogenesis, algal-rich water restoration according to claim 2, wherein: the lower end of the clamping plate (3) is fixedly connected with a conical plate (21), and a sludge inlet groove (22) is formed in the side wall of the conical plate (21).
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| CN114824397A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 集美大学 | Plant electrochemical device and method for ecological restoration of river and lake pollution |
| CN115885835A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-04-04 | 枣庄市城乡规划事业发展中心 | Green island of city planning artificial ecology |
| CN115885835B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-06-16 | 枣庄市城乡规划事业发展中心 | Urban planning artificial ecological green island |
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