CN111864220A - Pt @ MnO2catalyst/C, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Pt @ MnO2catalyst/C, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111864220A CN111864220A CN202010656420.0A CN202010656420A CN111864220A CN 111864220 A CN111864220 A CN 111864220A CN 202010656420 A CN202010656420 A CN 202010656420A CN 111864220 A CN111864220 A CN 111864220A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses Pt @ MnO2The preparation method of the/C catalyst comprises the following steps: s1, uniformly mixing strong base and a carbon material, calcining in an inert gas atmosphere, washing, and drying to obtain a material 1; s2, mixing the material 1 with water uniformly, and then mixing with KMnO4Mixing, reacting in microwave, cooling, washing, filtering to obtain filter cake, and drying to obtain MnO2a/C material; s3, mixing ethylene glycol solution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with Pt-containing compound, adjusting pH to 10-14, refluxing in inert gas atmosphere, and adding MnO2the/C material continuously flows back, is stirred continuously after being naturally cooled, is filtered, is washed to obtain a filter cake, is dried and is calcined to obtain Pt @ MnO2a/C catalyst. The invention also discloses Pt @ MnO2a/C catalyst and its use. The invention has good dispersibility and catalytic performance and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell materials, in particular to Pt @ MnO2a/C catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Fuel cells are a renewable clean source of energy that continuously converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the beginning of the 20 th century and the 60 th era, the development of the method is rapidly one of the hot spots in international high-tech competition. Fuel cells are an important research direction and a highly advanced technology which is urgently needed to be developed in the fields of energy, traffic, electronics and the like.
At present, catalysts adopted in fuel cells are Pt/C, Pt @ Ru/C and the like, the largest common point of the catalysts is high cost, and how to effectively prepare the catalyst with low cost has become a hot point of research.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides Pt @ MnO2The invention has good dispersity and MnO, and the preparation method and the application thereof2Compared with a Pt/C catalyst, the catalyst greatly reduces the cost of the catalyst while not reducing the catalytic performance of the Pt/C.
The invention provides Pt @ MnO2The preparation method of the/C catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing strong base and a carbon material, calcining in an inert gas atmosphere, washing, and drying to obtain a material 1;
s2, mixing the material 1 with water uniformly, and then mixing with KMnO4Mixing, reacting in microwave, cooling, washing, filtering to obtain filter cake, and drying to obtain MnO2a/C material;
s3, mixing ethylene glycol solution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with Pt-containing compound, adjusting pH to 10-14, refluxing in inert gas atmosphere, and adding MnO2the/C material continuously flows back, is stirred continuously after being naturally cooled, is filtered, is washed to obtain a filter cake, is dried and is calcined to obtain Pt @ MnO 2a/C catalyst.
Preferably, in S1, the carbon material includes: one of single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, conductive carbon black, and the like.
Preferably, the graphene is graphene RGO.
Preferably, the conductive carbon black is conductive carbon black XC-72.
Preferably, the carbon material is conductive carbon black XC-72.
Preferably, in S1, the inert gas is argon.
Preferably, in S1, the calcination temperature is 700-900 ℃ and the calcination time is 8-20 h.
In S1, the strong base may be potassium hydroxide or the like.
Preferably, in S2, Material 1 and KMnO4The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 0.05-20; preferably 1: 3.
Preferably, in S2, the microwave power is 100-1000W; preferably 600W.
Preferably, in S2, the reaction time is ≤ 5 h; preferably 60 s.
Preferably, in S2, stirring is continuously carried out during the reaction, and the stirring speed is 50-200 r/S; preferably 100 r/s.
Preferably, in S3, the reflux temperature is 100-140 ℃.
Preferably, in S3, refluxing is carried out for 1-5h in an inert gas atmosphere, and MnO is further added2the/C material is continuously refluxed for 1 to 10 hours.
Preferably, in S3, MnO is added2The reflux temperature before the/C material is 120 ℃, MnO is added2The reflux temperature after the/C material was 100 ℃.
Preferably, in S3, refluxing is carried out for 2h in an inert gas atmosphere, and MnO is further added2the/C material was refluxed for 1 h.
Preferably, in S3, stirring is continued for 1-24h after natural cooling; preferably 4 hours.
Preferably, in S3, the gas atmosphere at the time of calcination includes: hydrogen, a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon with 5-10% of hydrogen volume fraction, carbon monoxide and the like; a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon having a hydrogen volume fraction of 5% is preferred.
Preferably, in S3, the calcination temperature is 350-550 ℃, and the calcination time is 1-24 h.
Preferably, in S3, the calcination temperature is 400 ℃ and the calcination time is 2 h.
Preferably, in S3, the Pt-containing compoundPt and MnO in2The weight ratio of the material/C is 1: 0.5-4.
Preferably, in S3, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is mixed with MnO2The weight ratio of the material/C is 1: 0.01-0.08.
Preferably, in S3, the Pt-containing compound includes: one of chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, potassium tetrachloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate, sodium tetrachloroplatinate, etc.; potassium chloroplatinate is preferred.
Preferably, in S3, the pH is adjusted to 10-14 with NaOH in ethylene glycol; the pH is preferably 12.
Preferably, the concentration of NaOH in the ethylene glycol solution of NaOH is 1-2 mol/L.
The invention also provides Pt @ MnO2/C catalyst according to the above Pt @ MnO2The preparation method of the/C catalyst.
The invention also provides the Pt @ MnO2Use of a/C catalyst in a fuel cell.
Has the advantages that:
the inventor finds that the Pt @ MnO prepared by the method of the invention2a/C catalyst having a bulk particle size of 2 to 50nm, Pt, MnO2Uniformly distributed on the C particles, and the catalyst has good dispersibility, MnO2Compared with a Pt/C catalyst, the catalyst has the advantages that the catalytic performance of the Pt/C catalyst is not reduced, the content of Pt is reduced, and the cost of the catalyst is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows MnO2TEM image of the/C material.
FIG. 2 shows MnO2(iii) material of/C, Pt @ MnO2The results of the catalytic activity measurements for the/C catalyst and the control JM-Pt/C-40%.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Pt @ MnO2The preparation method of the/C catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing potassium hydroxide and conductive carbon black XC-72, calcining for 12h at 800 ℃ in an argon atmosphere, washing, filtering and drying to obtain a material 1;
s2, mechanically stirring 100mg of material 1 and 100mL of water in a round-bottom flask for 4 hours, uniformly mixing, and then adding 300mg of KMnO 4Continuously stirring the powder for several hours, uniformly mixing, adding a magnetic stirrer into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a microwave reactor, adjusting the stirring speed to be 100r/s and the microwave power to be 600W, reacting for 60s, cooling, washing, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and drying to obtain MnO2a/C material;
s3, adding 50mL of ethylene glycol and 2g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a round bottom flask, uniformly mixing, adding 94mg of potassium chloroplatinate, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 12 by using an ethylene glycol solution of NaOH with the concentration of 1mol/L, refluxing at 120 ℃ for 2h in an argon atmosphere, and adding 80mg of MnO2Refluxing the/C material at 100 ℃ for 1h, naturally cooling, continuously stirring for 4h, finally filtering, washing a filter cake, drying in vacuum, and calcining in a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon with the volume fraction of the hydrogen of 5% at 400 ℃ for 2h to obtain Pt @ MnO2a/C catalyst.
MnO prepared in example 1 was taken2(iii) material of/C, Pt @ MnO2The catalyst activity of the catalyst was tested using a rotating disk electrode, using a commercial JM-Pt/C-40% control, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1-2.
FIG. 1 shows MnO2TEM image of/C material; FIG. 2 shows MnO2(iii) material of/C, Pt @ MnO2The results of the catalytic activity measurements for the/C catalyst and the control JM-Pt/C-40%.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1-2, the Pt @ MnO prepared according to the present invention 2The activity of the/C catalyst is far larger than that of MnO2a/C material and has an activity equal to or even exceeding that of JM-Pt/C-40%, but Pt @ MnO2The Pt content in the/C catalyst is lower than JM-Pt/C-40%, and the cost is greatly reduced.
Example 2
Pt @ MnO2The preparation method of the/C catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing potassium hydroxide and conductive carbon black XC-72, calcining for 8h at 900 ℃ in an argon atmosphere, washing, filtering and drying to obtain a material 1;
s2, mechanically stirring 100mg of material 1 and 100mL of water in a round-bottom flask for 4 hours, uniformly mixing, and then adding 5mg of KMnO4Continuously stirring the powder for several hours, uniformly mixing, adding a magnetic stirrer into a round-bottom flask, placing the round-bottom flask into a microwave reactor, adjusting the stirring speed to be 100r/s and the microwave power to be 1000W, reacting for 20s, cooling, washing, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and drying to obtain MnO2a/C material;
s3, adding 50mL of ethylene glycol and 2g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into a round bottom flask, uniformly mixing, adding 99mg of chloroplatinic acid, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 10 by using an ethylene glycol solution of NaOH with the concentration of 2mol/L, refluxing at 100 ℃ for 5 hours in an argon atmosphere, and adding 80mg of MnO2Refluxing the/C material at 100 ℃ for 10h, naturally cooling, continuing stirring for 1h, finally filtering, washing a filter cake, drying in vacuum, and calcining at 350 ℃ for 24h in a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon with the volume fraction of the hydrogen of 10% to obtain Pt @ MnO 2a/C catalyst.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Pt @ MnO2The preparation method of the/C catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing strong base and a carbon material, calcining in an inert gas atmosphere, washing, and drying to obtain a material 1;
s2, mixing the material 1 with water uniformly, and then mixing with KMnO4Mixing, reacting in microwave, cooling, washing, filtering to obtain filter cake, and drying to obtain MnO2a/C material;
s3, mixing ethylene glycol solution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide with Pt-containing compound, adjusting pH to 10-14, refluxing in inert gas atmosphere, and adding MnO2The material/C continuously flows back, is continuously stirred after being naturally cooled,finally filtering, washing a filter cake, drying and calcining to obtain Pt @ MnO2a/C catalyst.
2. The Pt @ MnO of claim 12A method for producing an/C catalyst, characterized in that, in S1, the carbon material comprises: one of single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene and conductive carbon black; preferably, the graphene is graphene RGO; preferably, the conductive carbon black is conductive carbon black XC-72.
3. The Pt @ MnO of claim 1 or 22A method for producing an/C catalyst, characterized in that in S1, an inert gas is argon; preferably, in S1, the calcination temperature is 700-900 ℃ and the calcination time is 8-20 h.
4. The Pt @ MnO of any one of claims 1-32The preparation method of the/C catalyst is characterized in that in S2, material 1 and KMnO4The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 0.05-20; preferably, in S2, the microwave power is 100-1000W; preferably, in S2, the reaction time is ≤ 5 h; preferably, in S2, the reaction is carried out with stirring at a speed of 50-200 r/S.
5. The Pt @ MnO of any one of claims 1-42The preparation method of the/C catalyst is characterized in that in S3, the reflux temperature is 100-140 ℃; preferably, in S3, refluxing is carried out for 1-5h in an inert gas atmosphere, and MnO is further added2The material/C continues to reflux for 1-10 h; preferably, in S3, stirring is continued for 1-24h after natural cooling.
6. The Pt @ MnO of any one of claims 1-52A method for producing an/C catalyst, characterized in that in S3, the atmosphere during calcination includes: hydrogen, a mixed gas of hydrogen and argon with the hydrogen volume fraction of 5-10%, and carbon monoxide; preferably, in S3, the calcination temperature is 350-550 ℃, and the calcination time is 1-24 h.
7. The Pt @ MnO of any one of claims 1-62A method for producing an/C catalyst, characterized in that in S3, Pt and MnO in a Pt-containing compound2The weight ratio of the material/C is 1: 0.5-4; preferably, in S3, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is mixed with MnO2The weight ratio of the material/C is 1: 0.01-0.08; preferably, in S3, the Pt-containing compound includes: one of chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, potassium tetrachloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate and sodium tetrachloroplatinate.
8. The Pt @ MnO of any one of claims 1-72A method for producing an/C catalyst, characterized in that in S3, the pH is adjusted to 10 to 14 with a glycol solution of NaOH; preferably, the concentration of NaOH in the ethylene glycol solution of NaOH is 1-2 mol/L.
9. Pt @ MnO2A/C catalyst, characterized by the Pt @ MnO according to any one of claims 1 to 82The preparation method of the/C catalyst.
10. The Pt @ MnO of claim 92Use of a/C catalyst in a fuel cell.
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