CN111856940A - Control method and device for low-load operation of thermal power generating unit and storage medium - Google Patents
Control method and device for low-load operation of thermal power generating unit and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
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- F01D17/105—Final actuators by passing part of the fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method, a device and a storage medium for low-load operation of a thermal power generating unit, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the operating condition of the thermal power unit, and judging whether the thermal power unit operates at low load or not; if yes, acquiring a set change rate value output by a speed control module of the thermal power generating unit; the set change rate value is transmitted to a self-adaptive module for detection operation to obtain an operation change rate value; and sending the calculated change rate value and the set change rate value to a comparator for comparison, and sending a smaller value back to the speed control module to be used as a given value to be sent to a boiler control loop and a steam turbine control loop so as to enable the operation of the thermal power generating unit to meet the requirement. The invention adopts the self-adaptive change rate to adjust the operation load of the thermal power generating unit, so that the thermal power generating unit can stably operate under low load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power unit operation control, in particular to a thermal power unit low-load operation control method and device and a storage medium.
Background
At present, domestic energy supply is changed greatly, the proportion of the thermal power generating units in the energy supply structure is large, the operation is stable, the efficiency is high, the new energy operation development is fast, the proportion of the thermal power generating units in the energy structure is higher and higher, the thermal power generating units are unstable and low in efficiency, and the chances of the thermal power generating units serving as peak shaving units are more and more, so that the comprehensive monitoring research on the wide-load operation of the thermal power generating units is necessary.
At present, the thermal power generating unit has a single adjusting means, the numerical value of the load instruction change rate is set to be large, when the thermal power generating unit operates at a low load, the coal quantity is inaccurate, the air distribution is difficult, the water supply adjustment change is large, the combustion is easy to be unstable, the linearity of a steam turbine regulating valve is poor, the operation efficiency of each auxiliary machine at a low load is low, the normal operation of the unit is influenced, the load is easy to fluctuate, the fault shutdown is easy to occur, and the operation benefit and the economical efficiency of the unit are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method and a device for controlling low-load operation of a thermal power generating unit and a storage medium, wherein the operation load of the thermal power generating unit is adjusted by adopting a self-adaptive change rate, so that the thermal power generating unit can stably operate under low load.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling low load operation of a thermal power generating unit, including the following steps:
acquiring the operating condition of the thermal power unit, and judging whether the thermal power unit operates at low load or not;
if yes, acquiring a set change rate value output by a speed control module of the thermal power generating unit;
the set change rate value is transmitted to a self-adaptive module for detection operation to obtain an operation change rate value;
and sending the calculated change rate value and the set change rate value to a comparator for comparison, and sending a smaller value back to the speed control module to be used as a given value to be sent to a boiler control loop and a steam turbine control loop so as to enable the operation of the thermal power generating unit to meet the requirement.
Preferably, the obtaining of the operating condition of the thermal power unit and the judging of whether the thermal power unit operates at a low load include:
acquiring the operating condition of the thermal power unit to obtain a load instruction of the thermal power unit;
judging whether the load instruction is in an increase prohibition interval and a decrease prohibition interval, if so, the thermal power generating unit operates at a low load; otherwise, the thermal power generating unit does not operate under low load.
Preferably, the step of transmitting the set rate of change value to an adaptive module, and performing detection operation to obtain an operation rate of change value specifically includes:
the self-adaptive module obtains the corresponding load instruction according to the set change rate value and performs detection operation by combining with a rated load;
when the load instruction satisfies that P is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 30 percent of P0Then, the calculated change rate value is 0.5% P0Min; wherein P is the load instruction, P0Min is min for the rated load;
when the load instruction satisfies 30% P0＜P≤40％P0Then, the operation change rate value is 1% P0/min；
When the load instruction satisfies P > 40% P0Then, the calculated change rate value is 3% P0/min。
Preferably, the set rate of change value is 1.5% P0/min。
Another embodiment of the invention provides a device for executing the control method for low-load operation of the thermal power generating unit, which comprises a speed control module, an adaptive module and a comparator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input end of the speed control module is connected with the output end of the comparator, the first output end of the speed control module is connected with the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop, and the second output end of the speed control module is connected with the self-adaptive module and used for transmitting a set change rate value to the self-adaptive module for detection operation and transmitting a set value to the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop;
the input end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the speed control module, and the output end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the comparator and used for obtaining an operation change rate value according to the set change rate value;
the input end of the comparator is connected with the self-adaptive module, the output end of the comparator is connected with the speed control module, and the comparator is used for comparing the set change rate value with the operation change rate value to obtain a smaller value and sending the smaller value to the speed control module as a given value.
Still another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, where when the computer program runs, the apparatus where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the control method for low load operation of a thermal power generating unit according to any one of the above descriptions.
Compared with the prior art, the method, the device and the storage medium for controlling the low-load operation of the thermal power unit provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the self-adaptive module and the comparator are additionally arranged, and the load change rate output by the speed control module is readjusted, so that the thermal power unit can still stably operate in a low-load state, and the thermal power unit can operate more safely and economically.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a control method for low-load operation of a thermal power generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control structure of a thermal power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional unit load command loop according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optimized unit load instruction loop according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a load graph of a relationship between an operation rate value and a ratio of a load instruction to a rated load according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling low load operation of a thermal power generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes steps S1 to S4:
s1, obtaining the operation condition of the thermal power generating unit, and judging whether the thermal power generating unit operates at a low load or not;
s2, if yes, acquiring a set change rate value output by a speed control module of the thermal power generating unit;
s3, transmitting the set change rate value to a self-adaptive module, and carrying out detection operation to obtain an operation change rate value;
and S4, sending the calculated change rate value and the set change rate value to a comparator for comparison, sending a smaller value back to the speed control module as a given value to be sent to a boiler control loop and a steam turbine control loop, so that the operation of the thermal power generating unit meets the requirement.
It should be noted that the present invention mainly aims at a wide load control technology of a thermal power generating unit, and a typical application corresponding to the thermal power generating unit is a coal-fired thermal power plant. The coal-fired thermal power plant has the functions that coal is combusted to generate heat energy, a steam turbine shaft is pushed to rotate through steam to be converted into mechanical energy, the shaft rotates to drive a generator, and the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy. In the process, the boiler, the steam turbine and the generator are required to be controlled to gradually operate from ignition, temperature rise, pressure rise, steam turbine conversion, grid connection, load rise, rated load and stable operation or gradually operate from stable operation, load reduction, grid disconnection, shutdown and furnace shutdown according to the power load requirement. In order to make the boiler meet the load requirement and meet the corresponding steam flow, temperature and pressure, the coal feeding amount, water feeding amount and air distribution amount need to be controlled, and specifically, refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic control structure diagram of the thermal power plant provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The invention relates to only the unit load instruction part in fig. 2, which is the highest layer of the coordinated operation of the unit, plays a role in the overall coordination, plays a main role in the safe, efficient and economic operation of the unit, and is one of the key links.
Referring to fig. 3, it is a schematic diagram of a conventional unit load command loop provided in this embodiment of the present invention, which mainly describes the structure and function of a unit load control command in an analog quantity control loop of a thermal power generating unit, and the main signals include: target load setting and load rate setting are carried out in input signals, a unit load instruction is output, the control function of a unit in rated load of the unit is reflected by main functions, but the safe and economic operation working conditions of the low-load unit are not considered, so that when the unit runs at low load, boiler combustion is not stable easily, coal supply increase and decrease, air distribution adjustment, water supply smoothness, steam turbine valve linearity and the like all influence the load stability of the unit, and even fault shutdown is easily caused.
In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a method, in which an adaptive module and a comparator are added on the basis of fig. 3, so that a thermal power generating unit can safely and economically operate under a low load, specifically referring to fig. 4, where fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optimized unit load instruction loop provided by this embodiment of the present invention, and the execution steps of the present invention specifically are as follows:
and acquiring the operation condition of the thermal power generating unit, and judging whether the thermal power generating unit operates at a low load. Because the existing thermal power generating unit can safely and stably operate under non-low load, the low-load state is only needed to be found out and optimized.
If so, namely the thermal power generating unit operates in a low-load state, acquiring the set change rate value output by the speed control module of the thermal power generating unit, which is to obtain the set change rate value output by the speed control module of the thermal power generating unit before optimization.
And (4) transmitting the set change rate value to a self-adaptive module, and carrying out detection operation to obtain an operation change rate value. The self-adaptive module is the core of the invention, and mainly readjusts the load increase and decrease rate of the thermal power unit to enable the thermal power unit to operate more stably. The self-adaptive module can be obtained by training through testing and learning, and the testing and learning data are preferably derived from actual operation data so as to ensure that the detection operation is more effective.
And sending the calculated change rate value and the set change rate value to a comparator for comparison, and sending a smaller value back to the speed control module to be used as a given value to be sent to a boiler control loop and a steam turbine control loop so as to enable the operation of the thermal power generating unit to meet the requirement. Because the speed control module is used for externally controlling the fuel supply of the boiler and the output of the steam turbine, the smaller value obtained by comparison is conveyed back to the speed control module, and the smaller value is selected to ensure that the load of the thermal power generating unit is slowly changed and the operation of the thermal power generating unit is more stable.
According to the control method for low-load operation of the thermal power generating unit provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention, the self-adaptive module and the comparator are additionally arranged, and the load change rate output by the speed control module is readjusted, so that the thermal power generating unit can keep stable operation in a low-load state, and the thermal power generating unit can operate more safely and economically.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the obtaining of the operating condition of the thermal power unit and the judging of whether the thermal power unit operates at a low load specifically include:
acquiring the operating condition of the thermal power unit to obtain a load instruction of the thermal power unit;
judging whether the load instruction is in an increase prohibition interval and a decrease prohibition interval, if so, the thermal power generating unit operates at a low load; otherwise, the thermal power generating unit does not operate under low load.
Specifically, the operation condition of the thermal power generating unit is obtained, and a load instruction of the thermal power generating unit is obtained. Generally, an operator can send a load instruction to the thermal power generating unit, and the thermal power generating unit can operate according to the load instruction after obtaining the load instruction, so that a corresponding load instruction can be obtained according to the operating condition of the thermal power generating unit.
Judging whether the load instruction is in the interval of prohibiting increasing and prohibiting decreasing, if so, the thermal power generating unit operates at low load; otherwise, the thermal power generating unit is not operated under low load. The prohibition of reduction refers to prohibition of reduction of a load instruction when deviation of fuel quantity, water supply quantity, total air quantity, furnace pressure or main steam pressure is high; the prohibition of high means that the load command is prohibited from increasing when the deviation of the fuel amount, the feed water amount, the total air amount, the furnace pressure, or the main steam pressure is low. In the interval of prohibiting increase or prohibition of decrease, although the thermal power unit group should have protection for prohibiting load command increase or decrease, the unit load command and the load change rate are not given corresponding slight changes, and the fault shutdown is still easily caused, so the load change rate is readjusted.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the transmitting the set rate of change value to an adaptive module, and performing detection operation to obtain an operation rate of change value specifically includes:
the self-adaptive module obtains the corresponding load instruction according to the set change rate value and performs detection operation by combining with a rated load;
when the load instruction satisfies that P is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 30 percent of P0Then, the calculated change rate value is 0.5% P0Min; wherein P is the load instruction, P0Min is min for the rated load;
when the load instruction satisfies 30% P0＜P≤40％P0Then, the operation change rate value is 1% P0/min；
When the load instruction satisfies P > 40% P0Then, the calculated change rate value is 3% P0/min。
Specifically, the adaptive module obtains the corresponding load command according to the set rate of change value, and generally, the adaptive module obtains the set rate of change and the corresponding load command through the speed control module. The self-adaptive module performs detection operation by combining the rated load after obtaining the load instruction, wherein the detection operation method includes performing corresponding calculation according to a preset functional relationship to obtain a corresponding calculated value, specifically referring to fig. 5, which is a load curve diagram of a relationship between an operation change rate value and a ratio of the load instruction to the rated load provided by the embodiment of the present invention, an abscissa is a ratio of the load instruction to the rated load, and an ordinate is an operation change rate value, that is, a load change rate.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the load command satisfies 0. ltoreq. P.ltoreq.30% P0Then, the calculated change rate value is 0.5% P0Min, where P is the load instruction, P0Min is min for rated load; when the load instruction satisfies 30% P0＜P≤40％P0Then, the operation change rate value is 1% P0Min; when the load instruction satisfies P > 40% P0Then, the calculated change rate value is 3% P0/min。
It should be noted that the operation change rate value only represents the magnitude of the value, and the increase or decrease is determined according to the actual operation condition, if the deviation of the fuel quantity, the water supply quantity, the total air quantity, the furnace pressure or the main steam pressure is high, the load instruction is increased according to the operation change rate value; if the deviation of the fuel quantity, the water supply quantity, the total air quantity, the furnace pressure or the main steam pressure is low, the load instruction is reduced according to the operation change rate value.
Under the low-load working condition, the fuel quantity, the water supply quantity, the total air quantity, the furnace pressure and the main steam pressure change more, the linearity of a steam turbine regulating valve is poorer, the operation efficiency of an auxiliary machine is lower, and a self-correcting load change rate functional module, namely a self-adaptive module, is adopted, so that the self-correcting load change rate functional module can better adapt to the changes, and the unit can operate well.
As an improvement of the scheme, the set rate of change value is 1.5 percent P0/min。
Specifically, the change rate value was set to 1.5% P0The set change rate value is generally set according to the industry standard in the field, but the thermal power unit is subjected to load adjustment under any condition of operation, so that the boiler combustion of the thermal power unit is not easy to stabilize during low-load operation, the load stability of the unit is easy to be influenced by coal feeding increase and decrease, air distribution adjustment, smooth water supply, turbine valve linearity and the like, and the unit is easy to fail and shut down. Therefore, different load change rates are selected according to different operation conditions, so that the thermal power generating unit can operate more stably.
In addition, another embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for executing the control method for low load operation of the thermal power generating unit according to any one of the above embodiments, where the device includes a speed control module, an adaptive module and a comparator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input end of the speed control module is connected with the output end of the comparator, the first output end of the speed control module is connected with the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop, and the second output end of the speed control module is connected with the self-adaptive module and used for transmitting a set change rate value to the self-adaptive module for detection operation and transmitting a set value to the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop;
the input end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the speed control module, and the output end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the comparator and used for obtaining an operation change rate value according to the set change rate value;
the input end of the comparator is connected with the self-adaptive module, the output end of the comparator is connected with the speed control module, and the comparator is used for comparing the set change rate value with the operation change rate value to obtain a smaller value and sending the smaller value to the speed control module as a given value.
Specifically, another embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for executing the control method for low load operation of the thermal power generating unit according to any one of the above embodiments, as can be seen from fig. 4, the device includes a speed control module, an adaptive module and a comparator, that is, only the speed control module is provided in the prior art, and the adaptive module and the comparator are added in the present invention.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the input end of the speed control module is connected with the output end of the comparator, the first output end of the speed control module is connected with the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop, and the second output end of the speed control module is connected with the self-adaptive module and used for transmitting the set change rate value to the self-adaptive module for detection operation and transmitting the set value to the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop. Of course, in the prior art, the control loop to which the speed control module is further connected is also reserved in the present invention, for example, the speed control module further receives the command signals such as the load command inhibition increase and the load command inhibition decrease, and the only difference is the connection of the load change rate setting.
And the input end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the speed control module, and the output end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the comparator and used for obtaining an operation change rate value according to the set change rate value. The module is a core module of the invention, is mainly arranged between an outlet of the speed control module and the comparator, and is used for adding a new load change rate to the thermal power generating unit.
And the input end of the comparator is connected with the self-adaptive module, and the output end of the comparator is connected with the speed control module, and the comparator is used for comparing the set change rate value with the operation change rate value to obtain a smaller value and sending the smaller value to the speed control module as a given value. The comparator is used for increasing and decreasing the load of the thermal power generating unit by a load command with a smaller load change value as much as possible under the low-load operation, so that the thermal power generating unit can operate stably. Preferably, the comparator is a small value comparator.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the control loop structure of the present invention is as follows: the operator sends a set change rate value to pass through the speed control module, an instruction value signal is divided into two paths after passing through the module, one path of the instruction value signal is transmitted to the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop, the other path of the instruction value signal returns to the self-adaptive module, an operation value is obtained after detection and operation, the operation value is compared with the set change rate value of the operator in a small value comparator, and after passing through the small value comparator, the small value signal is used as the setting of the speed control module, so that the speed control module outputs the instruction change value to meet the operation requirement of the unit.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the control method for low load operation of the thermal power generating unit described in any one of the above embodiments.
In summary, the method, the device and the storage medium for controlling the low-load operation of the thermal power unit provided by the embodiment of the invention enable the thermal power unit to keep stable operation in a low-load state by additionally arranging the self-adaptive module and the comparator and readjusting the load change rate output by the speed control module, so that the thermal power unit can operate more safely and economically. Meanwhile, the invention is particularly suitable for wide load control optimization of large-scale thermal power coal-fired units, the units can normally operate under the low-load working condition, and the modules with the self-correcting load change rate function are adopted, so that the invention can better adapt to the slight change of the units and ensure the good operation of the units. In addition, the technology can form a standardized and normalized design scheme, reduce the difference of each project, and improve the working efficiency and reduce the error rate in order to reduce the repeatability. The invention can greatly reduce the probability of accident shutdown, improve the efficiency of the unit and ensure the smooth operation of the unit, thereby effectively improving the economy and the benefit of the thermal power plant.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A control method for low-load operation of a thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the operating condition of the thermal power unit, and judging whether the thermal power unit operates at low load or not;
if yes, acquiring a set change rate value output by a speed control module of the thermal power generating unit;
the set change rate value is transmitted to a self-adaptive module for detection operation to obtain an operation change rate value;
and sending the calculated change rate value and the set change rate value to a comparator for comparison, and sending a smaller value back to the speed control module to be used as a given value to be sent to a boiler control loop and a steam turbine control loop so as to enable the operation of the thermal power generating unit to meet the requirement.
2. The method for controlling low-load operation of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the operation condition of the thermal power generating unit and the judging of whether the thermal power generating unit operates at low load specifically comprise:
acquiring the operating condition of the thermal power unit to obtain a load instruction of the thermal power unit;
judging whether the load instruction is in an increase prohibition interval and a decrease prohibition interval, if so, the thermal power generating unit operates at a low load; otherwise, the thermal power generating unit does not operate under low load.
3. The method for controlling low-load operation of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 2, wherein the step of transmitting the set change rate value to the adaptive module for detection operation to obtain the operation change rate value specifically comprises the steps of:
the self-adaptive module obtains the corresponding load instruction according to the set change rate value and performs detection operation by combining with a rated load;
when the load instruction satisfies that P is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 30 percent of P0Then, the operation change rate is obtainedThe value is 0.5% P0Min; wherein P is the load instruction, P0Min is min for the rated load;
when the load instruction satisfies 30% P0＜P≤40％P0Then, the operation change rate value is 1% P0/min；
When the load instruction satisfies P > 40% P0Then, the calculated change rate value is 3% P0/min。
4. The method for controlling low load operation of a thermal power generating unit as set forth in claim 3, wherein the set rate of change value is 1.5% P0/min。
5. An apparatus for executing the control method for the thermal power generating unit under low load operation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising a speed control module, an adaptive module and a comparator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input end of the speed control module is connected with the output end of the comparator, the first output end of the speed control module is connected with the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop, and the second output end of the speed control module is connected with the self-adaptive module and used for transmitting a set change rate value to the self-adaptive module for detection operation and transmitting a set value to the boiler control loop and the steam turbine control loop;
the input end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the speed control module, and the output end of the self-adaptive module is connected with the comparator and used for obtaining an operation change rate value according to the set change rate value;
the input end of the comparator is connected with the self-adaptive module, the output end of the comparator is connected with the speed control module, and the comparator is used for comparing the set change rate value with the operation change rate value to obtain a smaller value and sending the smaller value to the speed control module as a given value.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium comprises a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed, the apparatus on which the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the control method for low load operation of the thermal power generating unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN113282034A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-20 | 江苏大唐国际吕四港发电有限责任公司 | Peak regulation method of ultra-supercritical thermal power generating unit |
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