CN111856740A - High-angular resolution telescopic imaging device - Google Patents
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- CN111856740A CN111856740A CN202010835914.5A CN202010835914A CN111856740A CN 111856740 A CN111856740 A CN 111856740A CN 202010835914 A CN202010835914 A CN 202010835914A CN 111856740 A CN111856740 A CN 111856740A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/12—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the phase of light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-angular-resolution telescopic imaging device which comprises a telescope, a collimating mirror, a reflecting mirror, an inclined wavefront corrector, a high-order wavefront corrector, a beam contraction system, a first beam splitter, a wavefront modulator, an imaging module, a first reflecting mirror, a second beam splitter, a shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a second reflecting mirror, a fine tracking wavefront sensor and a wavefront controller. The self-adaptive optical system of the device can correct the influence of atmospheric turbulence on telescopic imaging, and the wavefront modulator can diffract and compress the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device, so that higher resolution is obtained, and the device has an important technical application prospect in the field of telescopic imaging research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of telescopic imaging, and particularly relates to a high-angular-resolution telescopic imaging device.
Background
The telescope is an important tool for people to remotely sense and observe space debris, celestial bodies or the earth. Due to the diffractive behavior of light waves, the angular resolution of an ideal telescopic imaging device is limited by the operating wavelength and the telescope aperture. Generally, the operating wavelength of a telescopic imaging device is relatively fixed, and the desire to obtain higher angular resolution means increasing the aperture of the telescope. However, the technical difficulty and development cost of manufacturing large-aperture telescopes are increased dramatically. Therefore, how to break through the above principle limitation of the angular resolution of the telescopic imaging device and realize higher imaging resolution has important application prospect.
On the other hand, with the intensive research on the spatial optical imaging, atmospheric turbulence often exists in the spatial optical imaging process, and can have serious influence on the imaging process of a telephoto system. The existing device is not provided with an adaptive optical system to correct wave aberration introduced by atmospheric turbulence, and a real-time super-resolution telescopic imaging result cannot be obtained in the application of the atmospheric turbulence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional super-resolution telescopic imaging device does not correct the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the imaging process, and provides a high-angular resolution telescopic imaging device.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a telescope imaging device with high angular resolution comprises a telescope, a collimating mirror, a reflecting mirror, an inclined wavefront corrector, a high-order wavefront corrector, a beam-shrinking system, a first beam splitter, a wavefront modulator, an imaging module, a first reflecting mirror, a second beam splitter, a shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a second reflecting mirror, a fine tracking wavefront sensor and a wavefront controller;
after the light passing through the telescope is collimated by the collimating mirror, the light is reflected to the inclined wavefront corrector and the high-order wavefront corrector in sequence by the reflecting mirror to be corrected to obtain corrected light; the corrected light enters a beam shrinking system for shrinking to obtain shrunk light; the beam-reduced light is transmitted by the first spectroscope to form a first light and a second light; the first light enters the imaging module through the wavefront modulator; the second light is reflected to the second spectroscope through the first reflector to form a third light and a fourth light; the third light enters the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor; the fourth light ray is reflected by the second reflector and enters the fine tracking wavefront sensor; the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor detects the light wavefront information of the third light; the fine tracking wavefront sensor detects the light wavefront information of the fourth light; the wave front controller is respectively in communication connection with the shack-Hartmann wave front sensor and the fine tracking wave front sensor; the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and the fine tracking wavefront sensor transmit the light wavefront information of the third light and the light wavefront information of the fourth light to the wavefront controller; the wavefront controller is respectively in communication connection with the tilted wavefront corrector and the higher-order wavefront corrector.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the self-adaptive optical system of the device can correct the influence of atmospheric turbulence on telescopic imaging, and the wavefront modulator can diffract and compress the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device, so that higher resolution is obtained, and the device has an important technical application prospect in the field of telescopic imaging research.
Further, the tilt wavefront corrector is used for carrying out closed-loop correction on the low-order aberration; the higher order wavefront corrector is used for carrying out closed loop correction on the higher order aberration.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the tilted wavefront corrector and the high-order wavefront corrector respectively carry out closed-loop correction on low-order aberration and high-order aberration caused by atmospheric turbulence, thereby solving the influence of the atmospheric turbulence on the imaging process.
Further, the wavefront modulator 8 is a 0/pi binary phase wavefront modulator, a 0-2 pi continuous phase wavefront modulator, an 0/1 amplitude wavefront modulator, or a 0-1 continuous amplitude wavefront modulator.
Further, the working wavelength band of the wave front modulator is in an ultraviolet, visible light or infrared range, and the working mode of the wave front modulator is a transmission modulation mode or a reflection modulation mode; the light modulation area of the wavefront modulator is determined by the beam reduction magnification of the beam reduction system.
Further, the formula for the wavefront modulator to compress the point spread function of the telephoto imaging device is:
＝k0
wherein the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device is02.44 λ f/D, λ is the operating wavelength of the telescopic imaging device, D is the aperture of the telescope, f is the focal length of the telescopic imaging device, k is the diffraction compression coefficient, k is<1。
Further, the imaging module comprises a filtering unit, an imaging objective lens and an imaging detector;
the filtering unit is used for selecting the central wavelength and the bandwidth according to the imaging requirement;
the imaging objective lens is used for carrying out convergent imaging on a target object;
the imaging detector is used for recording imaging information of a target object.
Further, the filtering unit is a polarizing positive plate, a filter or a filter.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: in the invention, the imaging detector can select a detector with a proper type according to the central wavelength of the optical filter or the optical filter, so that the optical image intensity response sensitivity of the imaging detector is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a telescopic imaging apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an imaging module;
FIG. 3 is a modulation diagram of a wavefront modulator;
FIG. 4 is an effect diagram of an embodiment of a telescopic imaging device;
in the figure, 1, a telescope; 2. a collimating mirror; 3. a mirror; 4. a tilted wavefront corrector; 5. a high order wavefront corrector; 6. a beam-shrinking system; 7. a first beam splitter; 8. a wavefront modulator; 9. an imaging module; 10. a first reflector; 11. a second spectroscope; 12. a shack-hartmann wavefront sensor; 13. a second reflector; 14. a fine tracking wavefront sensor; 15. a wavefront controller; 101. a light filtering unit; 102. an imaging objective lens; 103. an imaging detector.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a high angular resolution telescopic imaging device, which includes a telescope 1, a collimating mirror 2, a reflecting mirror 3, an oblique wavefront corrector 4, a high-order wavefront corrector 5, a beam-shrinking system 6, a first beam splitter 7, a wavefront modulator 8, an imaging module 9, a first reflecting mirror 10, a second beam splitter 11, a shack-hartmann wavefront sensor 12, a second reflecting mirror 13, a fine tracking wavefront sensor 14, and a wavefront controller 15;
after being collimated by a collimating mirror 2, the light passing through a telescope 1 is reflected to a tilted wavefront corrector 4 and a high-order wavefront corrector 5 in sequence by a reflecting mirror 3 to be corrected to obtain corrected light; the corrected light enters a beam shrinking system 6 for shrinking to obtain shrunk light; the contracted beam light is transmitted through the first spectroscope 7 to form a first light and a second light; the first light enters the imaging module 9 through the wavefront modulator 8; the second light is reflected to the second spectroscope 11 through the first reflector 10 to form a third light and a fourth light; the third light enters the shack-hartmann wavefront sensor 12; the fourth light ray is reflected by the second reflector 13 and enters the fine tracking wavefront sensor 14; the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor 12 detects the light wavefront information of the third light; the fine tracking wavefront sensor 14 detects the light wavefront information of the fourth light; the wavefront controller 15 is respectively connected with the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor 12 and the fine tracking wavefront sensor 14 in a communication way; the shack-hartmann wavefront sensor 12 and the fine tracking wavefront sensor 14 transmit the light wavefront information of the third light and the light wavefront information of the fourth light to the wavefront controller 15; the wavefront controller 15 is in communication with the tilted wavefront corrector 4 and the higher order wavefront corrector 5, respectively.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the tilted wavefront corrector 4 is used for closed-loop correction of low-order aberrations; the higher order wavefront corrector 5 is used for closed loop correction of higher order aberrations. In the invention, the tilted wavefront corrector and the high-order wavefront corrector respectively carry out closed-loop correction on low-order aberration and high-order aberration caused by atmospheric turbulence, thereby solving the influence of the atmospheric turbulence on the imaging process.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the wavefront modulator 8 is a 0/π binary phase wavefront modulator, a 0-2 π continuous phase wavefront modulator, an 0/1 amplitude wavefront modulator, or a 0-1 continuous amplitude wavefront modulator.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the working band of the wavefront modulator 8 is in the ultraviolet, visible light or infrared range, and the working mode is a transmission modulation mode or a reflection modulation mode; the light modulation area of the wavefront modulator 8 is determined by the beam reduction magnification of the beam reduction system 6.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the formula of the wavefront modulator 8 for compressing the point spread function of the telephoto imaging device is as follows:
＝k0
wherein the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device is02.44 λ f/D, λ is the operating wavelength of the telescopic imaging device, D is the aperture of the telescope, f is the focal length of the telescopic imaging device, k is the diffraction compression coefficient, k is<1。
The wavefront modulator may also be a combination of any phase wavefront modulator and any amplitude wavefront modulator. The phase modulation mode of the wave front modulator can be etching optical path difference of each ring belt region, a liquid crystal light modulator or a phase type sub-wavelength surface structure device; the amplitude modulation mode of the wave-front modulator can be girdle bands with different broadband or can be an amplitude type sub-wavelength surface structure device; the wavefront modulator may also be a combination of phase modulation and amplitude modulation. The choice of material for the wavefront modulator is determined by the operating band and the modulation scheme. The wavefront modulator may be a single wavelength, narrow band or achromatic broadband operating wavelength.
The wave front modulator can be arranged between the spectroscope and the imaging module or at the front end of an imaging objective lens of the imaging module, and the light transmission aperture of the wave front modulator is determined by the light transmission size of the first spectroscope. For the telescopic imaging device for determining the working wavelength lambda, the telescope caliber D and the focal length f, the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device can be known according to Rayleigh criterion, and the calculation formula is as follows:02.44 λ f/D. According to the position and the size of a target object and the light energy detection level of an imaging detector, the normalization radius r of each annular band modulated by the 0/pi binary phase of the wave front modulator is determined by utilizing linear optimization, particle swarm and genetic algorithm1、r2、r3、r4、r5And r6The position of (a).
As shown in FIG. 3, the phase wavefront modulator is a binary phase wavefront modulator with 0/pi, and the pi phase difference between adjacent ring bands is determined by the thickness of air, d ═ lambda/(2 Deltan), where Deltan is the refraction of quartz and airThe rate is poor. Modulating the space phase entering the imaging module by a 0/pi binary phase wave front modulator to realize the point spread function compression of the telescopic imaging device and obtain the point spread function with the size k0Coefficient of compression by diffraction k<1, the size D _ view of the local view field meets the imaging view field requirement of the target object, and the intensity of the central light spot meets the intensity detection requirement of the imaging detector.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the imaging module 9 includes a filter unit 101, an imaging objective lens 102, and an imaging detector 103;
the filtering unit 101 is used for selecting a center wavelength and a bandwidth according to imaging requirements;
the imaging objective lens 102 is used for convergent imaging of a target object;
the imaging detector 103 is used to record imaging information of the target object.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the filtering unit 101 is a positive polarizer, a filter or a filter. The imaging detector can select a detector with a proper type according to the central wavelength of the optical filter or the optical filter, and the optical image intensity response sensitivity of the imaging detector is ensured.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for the telescopic imaging device with the working wavelength λ of 1550nm, the telescope caliber D of 200mm and the focal length f of 16m, the telescopic imaging process without considering the influence of the atmospheric turbulence is shown in fig. 4(a) as the point spread function size of the telescopic imaging device02.44 λ f/D. The wavefront modulator 8 is designed to be added to the telescopic imaging apparatus, and the size of the point spread function of the telescopic imaging apparatus is k as shown in fig. 4(b)0The diffraction compression coefficient k is 0.8. Considering the influence of the atmospheric turbulence, as shown in fig. 4(c) and 4(d), the point spread function when the wavefront modulator 8 is not added and is designed for the telescopic imaging apparatus, it is known that the wave aberration introduced by the atmospheric turbulence causes the telescopic imaging apparatus to be incapable of imaging. In the case where the telescopic imaging apparatus is provided with an adaptive optics system for the effect of the presence of atmospheric turbulence, the point spread function when the wavefront modulator 8 is not designed is shown in FIG. 4(e)0As 2.44 λ f/D, the adaptive optics system is known to be able to correct the effects of atmospheric turbulence. As shown in FIG. 4(f)Point spread function k when shown as added to a designed wavefront modulator 80And the diffraction compression coefficient k is 0.8, and the adaptive optical system is combined with the point spread function of the wavefront modulator 8 when the wavefront modulator can be used for diffracting and compressing the telescopic imaging device in practical application, so that ultrahigh-resolution telescopic imaging is realized.
The working principle and the process of the invention are as follows: after the light rays passing through the telescope 1 are collimated into light rays with proper light passing size through the collimating mirror 2, the light rays are reflected to the inclined wavefront corrector 4 and the high-order wavefront corrector 5 through the reflecting mirror 3, the corrected light rays enter the beam reduction system 6, meanwhile, the corrected light rays can also directly enter the first beam splitter 7 without passing through the beam reduction system 6, the beam reduction light rays are transmitted through the first beam splitter 7 and then enter the wavefront modulator 8 and the imaging module 9, the beam reduction light rays reflected through the first beam splitter 7 and the first reflecting mirror 10 enter the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor 12 through the light rays transmitted through the second beam splitter 11, the light rays reflected through the second beam splitter 11 and the second reflecting mirror 13 enter the fine tracking wavefront sensor 14, the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor 12 and the fine tracking wavefront sensor 14 select proper wavelength ranges, and the corrected light wavefront information is detected, the detected and corrected light wavefront information enters the wavefront controller 15 through an electric signal, the electric signal enters the inclined wavefront corrector 4 and the high-order wavefront corrector 5 after being processed by the wavefront controller 15, and closed-loop correction is respectively performed on low-order aberration and high-order aberration caused by atmospheric turbulence, so that the influence of the atmospheric turbulence on the imaging process is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the self-adaptive optical system of the device can correct the influence of atmospheric turbulence on telescopic imaging, and the wavefront modulator can diffract and compress the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device, so that higher resolution is obtained, and the device has an important technical application prospect in the field of telescopic imaging research.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A telescope imaging device with high angular resolution is characterized by comprising a telescope (1), a collimating mirror (2), a reflecting mirror (3), an inclined wavefront corrector (4), a high-order wavefront corrector (5), a beam shrinking system (6), a first spectroscope (7), a wavefront modulator (8), an imaging module (9), a first reflecting mirror (10), a second spectroscope (11), a shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (12), a second reflecting mirror (13), a fine tracking wavefront sensor (14) and a wavefront controller (15);
after being collimated by the collimating mirror (2), the light passing through the telescope (1) is reflected to the inclined wavefront corrector (4) and the high-order wavefront corrector (5) in sequence by the reflecting mirror (3) to be corrected to obtain corrected light; the corrected light enters a beam shrinking system (6) for shrinking to obtain shrunk light; the beam-shrinking light rays are transmitted by a first spectroscope (7) to form first light rays and second light rays; the first light ray enters an imaging module (9) through a wave front modulator (8); the second light is reflected to a second spectroscope (11) through a first reflector (10) to form a third light and a fourth light; the third light ray enters a shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (12); the fourth light ray is reflected by the second reflector (13) and enters the fine tracking wavefront sensor (14); the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (12) detects light wavefront information of the third light; the fine tracking wavefront sensor (14) detects light wavefront information of the fourth light; the wave-front controller (15) is respectively connected with the shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor (12) and the fine tracking wave-front sensor (14) in a communication way; the shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (12) and the fine tracking wavefront sensor (14) transmit the light wavefront information of the third light and the light wavefront information of the fourth light to the wavefront controller (15); the wavefront controller (15) is respectively connected with the inclined wavefront corrector (4) and the higher-order wavefront corrector (5) in a communication way.
2. The high angular resolution telescopic imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the tilted wavefront corrector (4) is configured to perform a closed loop correction of low order aberrations;
the higher order wavefront corrector (5) is used for performing closed loop correction on higher order aberrations.
3. The high angular resolution telescopic imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wavefront modulator (8) is a 0/pi binary phase wavefront modulator, a 0-2 pi continuous phase wavefront modulator, an 0/1 amplitude wavefront modulator or a 0-1 continuous amplitude wavefront modulator.
4. The high angular resolution telescopic imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave front modulator (8) has an operating band in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared range and an operating mode in a transmission modulation mode or a reflection modulation mode; the light modulation area of the wave front modulator (8) is determined by the beam reduction magnification of the beam reduction system (6).
5. The high angular resolution telescopic imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the wavefront modulator (8) compresses the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device by the formula:
＝k0
wherein the point spread function of the telescopic imaging device is02.44 λ f/D, λ is the operating wavelength of the telescopic imaging device, D is the aperture of the telescope, f is the focal length of the telescopic imaging device, k is the diffraction compression coefficient, k is<1。
6. The high angular resolution telescopic imaging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the imaging module (9) comprises a filter unit (101), an imaging objective (102) and an imaging detector (103);
the filtering unit (101) is used for selecting a central wavelength and a bandwidth according to imaging requirements;
the imaging objective lens (102) is used for carrying out convergent imaging on a target object;
the imaging detector (103) is used for recording imaging information of a target object.
7. The high angular resolution telescopic imaging device according to claim 6, wherein the filter unit (101) is a polarizing positive, a filter or a filter.
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Application publication date: 20201030 |