CN111854218A - Marine ammonia absorption type refrigeration system - Google Patents
Marine ammonia absorption type refrigeration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111854218A CN111854218A CN202010829449.4A CN202010829449A CN111854218A CN 111854218 A CN111854218 A CN 111854218A CN 202010829449 A CN202010829449 A CN 202010829449A CN 111854218 A CN111854218 A CN 111854218A
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- tube bundle
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- heat exchanger
- ammonia
- outlet pipe
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B33/00—Boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2333/00—Details of boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
- Y02B30/625—Absorption based systems combined with heat or power generation [CHP], e.g. trigeneration
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a marine aqueous ammonia absorption formula refrigeration system, is applied to waste heat refrigeration technical field, includes the heat source end: consists of a tail gas generator, a separator and a heat regenerator; with the cold end: the system consists of a condensation absorber, a seawater heat exchanger, a subcooler, an evaporator, a solution pump, a circulating pump, a refrigerant throttle valve and a solution throttle valve. The hot end is connected with the cold end by ammonia gas, dilute ammonia solution and concentrated ammonia solution pipelines. The invention adopts a strong ammonia solution to recover rectification heat by multiple lateral lines; the stable heat input of the system is realized by adopting a phase change heat taking technology and an indirect heat release technology of forced solution flowing; the precooling solution is adopted to circulate to realize the concentrated discharge of heat generated in the condensation and absorption processes in the seawater heat exchanger; a nickel-based brazed stainless steel capillary bundle is used as an internal heat exchanger. When the ammonia water absorption refrigeration system is applied to ships, the heat input stability of the ammonia water absorption refrigeration system, the heat efficiency improvement of the system and the volume reduction of the system can be realized, and the seawater corrosion resistance and the ship swing resistance can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat refrigeration, in particular to an ammonia water absorption type refrigeration system applied to ships.
Background
The traditional small and medium-sized fishing boat is used for ice-carrying sea operation, the load of the boat is increased, and therefore the oil consumption is increased. Moreover, the ice application and the fresh keeping lead the temperature of the lower layer of the fish goods to be higher, which may cause the poor fresh keeping of the fish goods to become the breeding feed and cause the loss to fishermen. In addition, the fishing boat has limited ice carrying time, which is not favorable for keeping the quality of marine products. Although there are ships selling ice blocks at sea, it limits the free flexibility of fishing by fishing boats, so that the sea area for fishing work is limited. And the merchant who sells the ice cubes has a pricing right, and fishermen needs to purchase the ice cubes at a high price, so that the total cost of fishing is increased. The use of the electric compression type ice making system on the ship greatly increases the power consumption of the ship, which means that the oil consumption is also greatly increased, and the initial investment cost is also considerable. The temperature of tail gas discharged by the fishing boat engine can reach 400 ℃ or even higher, and the tail gas has higher residual heat and grade, but the heat of the tail gas of the engine is usually directly discharged to the environment and is not effectively utilized.
The ammonia absorption refrigeration system can be driven by the waste heat of the tail gas of the engine to carry out refrigeration application, can save energy and reduce emission, cannot damage the ozone layer due to the use of a natural refrigerant, cannot aggravate the greenhouse effect, and is a good choice for refrigeration and fresh keeping of fishing boats. However, unlike on-board ammonia absorption refrigeration systems, the following key problems need to be overcome:
first, the COP cannot be too low. Under the same refrigeration power, the heat dissipation capacity of the system is greatly increased due to the fact that the COP is too low, the power consumption of the cooling water pump is increased, the power consumption of the solution pump is also increased, and the electric energy saved by the system is not obvious any more.
Second, the absorption and generation process requires resistance to ship sway. The falling film absorber and rectifying tower in ammonia absorption refrigerating system are used to absorb and desorb gas by means of gravity. However, the sea jolts and swings greatly affect the absorption process and the rectifying tower process, and due to the free liquid level, the gas and the liquid in the absorber and the rectifying tower are unevenly distributed, so that the performance of the system is reduced, and under severe conditions, the refrigerating capacity of the system is insufficient, and the performance is rapidly deteriorated.
Third, the heat exchanger is compact and corrosion resistant. Due to the small space available on the vessel, the system needs to be compact and limited in height and volume. One of the biggest disadvantages of the conventional ammonia absorption system is the large size, especially the rectifying tower, so that a new rectifying process needs to be considered, and a compact heat exchanger is used. And because the system is cooled by seawater, the seawater heat exchanger is required to resist seawater corrosion.
Fourthly, the heat source adaptability is strong. In addition to the need for the absorber and gas purification processes to be robust, the process to occur also needs to be robust. Because the exhaust smoke quantity and the exhaust smoke temperature of the ship engine change along with the change of the power of the engine, and the power of the engine changes rapidly along with the situations of sailing, accelerating and the like, the input heat of the ammonia water absorption system is affected rapidly, and the system is unstable. Therefore, a reliable generation process is required.
Through the search discovery of the prior art, the Chinese patent publication numbers are: CN 101033898A, patent name: a ship engine exhaust waste heat driven marine ammonia water absorption refrigerator is characterized in that a generator filled with an ammonia water solution is heated by using the exhaust waste heat of a ship engine, ammonia gas and a dilute solution enter a gas-liquid separation tank, separated water-containing steam is partially purified by a dephlegmator and then condensed in a condenser, the ammonia liquid is evaporated in a sleeve evaporator to generate cold energy, cold ammonia gas and unevaporated ammonia liquid exchange heat in a subcooler and then enter a full-liquid bubbling absorber, bubbles are absorbed by the dilute ammonia water solution from the separator and cooled by a solution heat exchanger, and a concentrated ammonia water solution is pumped into the full-liquid generator by a solution pump. All the strong ammonia water solution in the patent is heated by tail gas of an engine, when the flow and the temperature of the tail gas are increased rapidly along with the increase of the power of the engine, the heat input is unstable, the water content of generated ammonia water steam is increased, and the low evaporation temperature can not be realized even in dry evaporation; meanwhile, the system is simple in heat regeneration, and an absorber and a condenser both need to be cooled by seawater, so that the defects of low system efficiency and seawater corrosion resistance exist.
Patent publication No.: CN 101915478A, patent name: the invention relates to an ammonia absorption refrigerator driven by ship exhaust gas, which comprises a generator, a heat regeneration flow path component, a cooling flow path component, a subcooler and an evaporator. This patent has simplified rectifier unit, and the channel of vapour liquid flows the characteristic in the pipeline is utilized to the absorber for ammonia and aqueous ammonia flow in parallelly connected tubule, thereby make the absorption process not receive the influence that boats and ships jolt and rock, and the boiling takes place in the generator utilizes the tubule, does not have the welding point in the generator. The concentrated solution enters a heat regeneration flow assembly through the heating of an engine waste gas heat exchanger, when the tail gas flow and the temperature rise rapidly along with the increase of the power of an engine, the heat input is unstable, the rectification load is increased, ammonia gas cannot be purified, and the system operation is influenced. And the absorption section coil pipe can not make full use of space, which is not beneficial to the miniaturization of the unit, and the cooling component is completely contacted with seawater, so that the seawater corrosion resistance is difficult.
Patent publication No.: CN 102980322 a, patent name: the invention relates to an air-cooled ammonia absorption type diesel engine exhaust multifunctional refrigerating system, which realizes air cooling of a condenser and an absorber and avoids seawater cooling corrosion, but has the defects of simple heat return, low heat efficiency of an air cooling system and unstable heat input of the system along with the change of engine power without eliminating absorption free liquid level.
Patent publication No.: CN 101865560A, the name of the invention is: the invention relates to a fishing boat tail gas refrigerating unit, which has the same circulation as a single-stage circulation system and has the problems that the free liquid level can not resist the swinging of a ship, the seawater is cooled and corroded, the volume is large and the heat input is unstable.
Patent publication No.: CN 1766462A, invention name: the invention relates to an ammonia absorption type refrigerating device utilizing tail gas waste heat, which adopts a structure integrating a stripping device and a heat regenerator to recover rectification heat and absorption heat and realize the improvement of system performance, wherein the absorption mode is in-pipe falling film absorption, and the generation mode is in a flooded type. The invention has the problems that the absorption has free liquid level which can not resist the ship swing, the corrosion is difficult and the heat input is unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the ammonia water absorption type refrigeration system driven by the tail gas of the ship engine is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a marine ammonia absorption type refrigerating system comprises a heat source end and a cold end, wherein the heat source end comprises a tail gas heat exchanger, a separator and a solution heat exchanger, the cold end comprises a seawater heat exchanger, a condensation absorber, an evaporator, a refrigerant throttle valve, a subcooler and a solution throttle valve, the heat source end is connected with the cold end through ammonia gas, dilute ammonia water solution and concentrated ammonia water solution pipelines, the tail gas heat exchanger is connected with the separator, the separator is connected with the solution heat exchanger, the solution heat exchanger is connected with the seawater heat exchanger through a dilute ammonia water pipeline, the seawater heat exchanger is connected with the condensation absorber, the condensation absorber is connected with the separator through an ammonia pipeline, the condensation absorber is connected with the subcooler, the condensation absorber is connected with a circulating pump, the circulating pump is connected with the seawater heat exchanger, the circulating pump is connected with a solution pump, the solution pump is connected with the separator, the subcooler is connected with the evaporator.
Furthermore, the tail gas heat exchanger comprises a tail gas inlet pipe arranged at the top of the heat exchanger body, a tail gas outlet pipe arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger body and a tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle arranged in the heat exchanger body, wherein the top of the tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle is provided with an ammonia water outlet pipe, and the bottom of the tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle is provided with an ammonia water inlet pipe; a rectifying tube bundle, an auxiliary rectifying tube bundle, a liquid distributor and a stripping tube bundle are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in the separator, an ammonia gas outlet pipe is arranged at the top of the separator, an inlet pipe of the rectifying tube bundle is connected to the top of the rectifying tube bundle, an outlet pipe of the rectifying tube bundle is connected to the bottom of the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle, an outlet pipe of the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle is connected to the bottom of the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle, the liquid distributor penetrates out of the outer wall of the separator and is connected with a solution heat exchanger, an inlet pipe of the stripping tube bundle is connected to the bottom of the stripping tube bundle, the top of the stripping tube bundle is connected to the inside of the separator, and a dilute solution outlet pipe of; the solution heat exchanger is respectively connected with a dilute solution inlet pipe at the top and a dilute solution outlet pipe at the bottom, a heat exchange pipe bundle is arranged in the solution heat exchanger, the top of the heat exchange pipe bundle is connected with a concentrated solution outlet pipe, and the bottom of the heat exchange pipe bundle is connected with a concentrated solution inlet pipe;
further, the seawater heat exchanger is provided with a solution inlet pipe, a solution outlet pipe, a cooling water inlet pipe and a cooling water outlet pipe; a condensation absorption tube bundle is arranged in the condensation absorber, a condensation absorption tube bundle inlet pipe is connected to the top of the condensation absorption tube bundle, a condensation absorption tube bundle outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the condensation absorption tube bundle, an ammonia gas inlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the condensation absorber and is connected with a condensation absorber solution outlet pipe, a condensation liquid distributor is arranged on the upper portion of the condensation absorption tube bundle and is connected with the solution outlet pipe; the subcooler comprises a subcooled heat exchange tube bundle arranged inside, a subcooler ammonia gas inlet pipe connected from the bottom of the subcooler and a subcooler ammonia gas outlet pipe connected from the top of the subcooler, wherein the top of the subcooled heat exchange tube bundle is connected with a heat exchange tube bundle inlet pipe, and the bottom of the subcooler ammonia gas outlet pipe is connected with a subcooler tube bundle outlet pipe; an evaporator tube bundle is arranged in the evaporator, the evaporator is provided with a secondary refrigerant inlet tube and a secondary refrigerant outlet tube, the top of the evaporator tube bundle is connected with the outlet tube of the evaporator tube bundle, and the bottom of the evaporator tube bundle is connected with the inlet tube of the evaporator tube bundle.
Furthermore, the tail gas heat exchanger and the separator are connected through a connecting pipeline, an ammonia water outlet pipe is connected with an inlet pipe of the stripping tube bundle, and an ammonia water inlet pipe is connected with an outlet pipe of the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle.
Furthermore, the connection pipeline of the solution heat exchanger and the seawater heat exchanger is characterized in that a dilute solution outlet pipe is connected with a solution inlet pipe through a solution throttle valve.
Furthermore, the connection pipeline of the seawater heat exchanger and the condensation absorber is that the solution inlet pipe is connected with the solution outlet pipe of the condensation absorber through a circulating pump, and the solution outlet pipe is connected with the condensation liquid distributor.
Furthermore, the connecting pipeline of the condensation absorber and the separator is characterized in that an ammonia gas outlet pipe is connected with an inlet pipe of a condensation absorbing pipe bundle.
The marine ammonia absorption refrigeration system has the beneficial effects that: (1) and (3) stabilizing the heat input of the system: the solution is gasified in the tail gas heat exchanger by a pump and then enters a stripping tube bundle for condensation, and the heat is indirectly released to the falling film solution, so that the stable system heat input is realized in a mode of fixing the flow and thus fixing the latent heat. (2) The ammonia gas from the tail gas heat exchanger enters the tube bundle to be condensed and released heat, so that the uniform distribution of the gas in the stripping process is ensured, and the gas short circuit is avoided. (3) The nickel-based brazing stainless steel capillary bundle heat exchanger is adopted to strengthen heat and mass transfer and improve the heat exchange amount in unit volume. (4) The heat of condensation and absorption is removed from the seawater in the seawater cooler by the circulating solution, and only the heat exchanger of the whole system is in contact with the seawater, so that the seawater corrosion is resisted. (5) The absorption of bubbling and the falling film absorption of a liquid film are combined, so that the influence of ship swinging and bumping on the absorption performance is avoided. (6) Solution generation, ammonia condensation and liquid ammonia evaporation are all carried out in the pipe, free liquid level is not needed to ensure heat and mass transfer, and the ship is resistant to swinging and bumping. (7) And multiple rectification heat recovery is adopted, so that the heat input of the system is reduced, and the performance of the system is improved. (8) The system can be divided into a heat source end and a cold end, wherein the heat source end is placed close to the ship engine, and the cold end is placed close to the refrigeration demand side, so that the cold transmission loss is avoided.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a tail gas inlet pipe, 2, a tail gas outlet pipe, 3, a tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle, 4, a tail gas heat exchanger, 5, an ammonia water outlet pipe, 6, an ammonia water inlet pipe, 7, an auxiliary rectification pipe bundle, 8, a rectification pipe bundle, 9, an ammonia gas outlet pipe, 10, a rectification pipe bundle inlet pipe, 11, a rectification pipe bundle outlet pipe, 12, an auxiliary rectification pipe bundle outlet pipe, 13, a liquid distributor, 14, a separator dilute solution outlet pipe, 15, a separator, 16, a stripping pipe bundle inlet pipe, 17, a solution heat exchanger, 18, a dilute solution inlet pipe, 19, a concentrated solution inlet pipe, 20, a concentrated solution outlet pipe, 21, a dilute solution outlet pipe, 22, a stripping pipe bundle, 23, a seawater heat exchanger, 24, a solution outlet pipe, 25, a cooling water inlet pipe, 26, a cooling water outlet pipe, 27, a solution inlet pipe, 28, a solution pump, 31. The system comprises a condensation absorber, a condensate absorption tube bundle inlet pipe, a condensate liquid distributor, a secondary refrigerant inlet pipe, a secondary refrigerant outlet pipe, a condenser, an evaporator, a condensate absorption tube bundle 35, a condensate absorption tube bundle inlet pipe, a condensate absorption tube bundle 36, a condensate liquid distributor, a secondary refrigerant inlet pipe, a secondary refrigerant outlet pipe 39, an evaporator, a secondary refrigerant outlet pipe 40, an evaporator tube bundle 41, an evaporator tube bundle outlet pipe, an evaporator tube bundle 42, an evaporator tube bundle inlet pipe 43, a refrigerant throttle valve, a secondary refrigerant outlet pipe 44, a secondary condenser tube bundle outlet pipe 45, a secondary condenser ammonia inlet pipe 46.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
The marine ammonia water absorption type refrigeration system shown in fig. 1 comprises a heat source end and a cold end, wherein the heat source end comprises a tail gas heat exchanger 4, a separator 15 and a solution heat exchanger 17, the cold end comprises a seawater heat exchanger 23, a condensation absorber 31, an evaporator 39 and a subcooler 47, the tail gas heat exchanger 4 is connected with the separator 15, the separator 15 is connected with the solution heat exchanger 17, the solution heat exchanger 17 is connected with the seawater heat exchanger 23, the seawater heat exchanger 23 is connected with the condensation absorber 31, the condensation absorber 31 is connected with the separator 15, the condensation absorber 31 is connected with the subcooler 47, and the subcooler 47 is connected with the evaporator 39;
the tail gas heat exchanger 4 comprises a tail gas inlet pipe 1 arranged at the upper part of the heat exchanger body, a tail gas outlet pipe 2 arranged at the lower part of the heat exchanger body and a tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle 3 arranged in the heat exchanger body, wherein the top of the tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle 3 is provided with an ammonia water outlet pipe 5, and the bottom of the tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle is provided with an ammonia water inlet pipe 6; a rectifying tube bundle 8, an auxiliary rectifying tube bundle 7, a liquid distributor 13 and a stripping tube bundle 22 are sequentially arranged in a separator 15 from top to bottom, an ammonia gas outlet pipe 9 is arranged at the top of the separator 15, the top of the rectifying tube bundle 8 is connected with a rectifying tube bundle inlet pipe 10, the bottom of the rectifying tube bundle is connected with a rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe 11, the rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe 11 is connected with the top of the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle 7 through a tee joint, the bottom of the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle 7 is connected with an auxiliary rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe 12, the liquid distributor 13 penetrates out of the outer wall of the separator 15 and is connected with a solution heat exchanger 17, the bottom of the stripping tube bundle 22 is connected with a stripping inlet tube bundle 16, the bottom of the separator 15 is connected with a separator dilute solution outlet pipe 14, the stripping tube bundle 22 is arranged above; the solution heat exchanger 17 is respectively connected with a dilute solution inlet pipe 18 at the top and a dilute solution outlet pipe 21 at the bottom, a heat exchange pipe bundle 51 is arranged in the solution heat exchanger 17, the top of the heat exchange pipe bundle 51 is connected with a concentrated solution outlet pipe 20, and the bottom of the heat exchange pipe bundle 51 is connected with a concentrated solution inlet pipe 19;
the seawater heat exchanger 23 is provided with a solution inlet pipe 27, a solution outlet pipe 24, a cooling water inlet pipe 25 and a cooling water outlet pipe 26, wherein cooling water enters from top to bottom, a solution enters from bottom to top, and the seawater heat exchanger 23 adopts a plate heat exchanger; a condensation absorption tube bundle 34 is arranged in the condensation absorber 31, the condensation absorption tube bundle 34 is higher than the liquid level of the condensation absorber 31, the top of the condensation absorption tube bundle 34 is connected with a condensation absorption tube bundle inlet pipe 35, the bottom of the condensation absorption tube bundle 34 is connected with a condensation absorption tube bundle outlet pipe 33, the bottom of the condensation absorber 31 is connected with an ammonia gas inlet pipe 32 which is connected with a condensation absorber solution outlet pipe 30, the ammonia gas inlet pipe 32 is higher than the condensation absorber solution outlet pipe 30 and is arranged in an opposite direction, a condensation liquid distributor 36 is arranged at the upper part of the condensation absorption tube bundle 34, and the condensation liquid distributor 36 is connected with; the subcooler 47 comprises a subcooled heat exchange tube bundle 46 arranged inside, a subcooler ammonia gas inlet pipe 45 connected from the bottom of the subcooler 47 and a subcooler ammonia gas outlet pipe 49 connected from the top of the subcooler 47, wherein the top of the subcooled heat exchange tube bundle 46 is connected with a heat exchange tube bundle inlet pipe 48, and the bottom of the subcooler ammonia gas outlet pipe 44 is connected; an evaporator tube bundle 40 is arranged in the evaporator 39, a secondary refrigerant inlet pipe 37 and a secondary refrigerant outlet pipe 38 are arranged on the evaporator 39, the top of the evaporator tube bundle 40 is connected with an evaporator tube bundle outlet pipe 41, and the bottom of the evaporator tube bundle 40 is connected with an evaporator tube bundle inlet pipe 42.
The tail gas heat exchanger 4 and the separator 15 are connected through a connecting pipeline, wherein an ammonia water outlet pipe 5 is connected with a stripping tube bundle inlet pipe 16, and an ammonia water inlet pipe 6 is connected with an auxiliary rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe 12.
The connection pipeline of the separator 15 and the solution heat exchanger 17 is that a dilute solution outlet pipe 14 of the separator is connected with a dilute solution inlet pipe 18, a liquid distributor 13 is connected with a concentrated solution outlet pipe 20, and a rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe 11 is connected with a concentrated solution inlet pipe 19.
The connection between the solution heat exchanger 17 and the seawater heat exchanger 23 is such that the dilute solution outlet pipe 21 is connected to the solution inlet pipe 27 through the solution throttle valve 50.
The seawater heat exchanger 23 and the condensation absorber 31 are connected through a solution inlet pipe 27 connected with a condensation absorber solution outlet pipe 30 through a circulating pump 29, and a solution outlet pipe 24 connected with a condensation liquid distributor 36.
The condensation absorber 31 and the separator 15 are connected through a pipeline, and the ammonia gas outlet pipe 9 is connected with a condensation absorbing pipe bundle inlet pipe 35.
The condensing absorber 31 and the subcooler 47 are connected by a condensing absorption tube bundle outlet pipe 33 connected with a heat exchange tube bundle inlet pipe 48, and a subcooler ammonia gas outlet pipe 49 connected with an ammonia gas inlet pipe 32.
The subcooler 47 and evaporator 39 are connected by evaporator tube bundle outlet pipe 41 to subcooler ammonia inlet pipe 45 and evaporator tube bundle inlet pipe 42 to subcooler tube bundle outlet pipe 44 through refrigerant throttle valve 43.
The invention specifically comprises the following working steps:
liquid ammonia is evaporated into ammonia gas in the evaporator 39, the ammonia gas enters the condenser 31 after entering the subcooler 47 for precooling condensed liquid ammonia and is firstly bubbled for absorption, then the ammonia gas rises on the surface of the condensing and absorbing tube bundle 34 and is absorbed by falling film, the absorbing solution is pumped by the circulating pump 29 and is cooled by the seawater heat exchanger 23 and then enters the condensing and liquid distributing device 36 for circulating spraying, pure ammonia gas from the separator 15 enters the condensing and absorbing tube bundle 34 for condensation, and condensation heat and absorption heat are taken away by the circulating solution. The solution pump 28 pumps the concentrated solution to the rectifying tube bundle 8 in the separator 15, the concentrated solution is shunted at the tube bundle outlet after the rectifying heat is recovered, one part of the concentrated solution exchanges heat with the high-temperature dilute solution from the separator 15 through the solution heat exchanger 17, the high-temperature dilute solution is fed into the separator through the liquid distributor 13, the other part of the concentrated solution enters the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle 7 to continuously recover the rectifying heat, then the concentrated solution enters the tail gas heat exchanger 4 to be heated by tail gas, the gasified concentrated solution enters the stripping tube bundle 22 in the separator 15 to flow upwards for condensation after being gasified, heat is released to a liquid film falling on the surface of the tube bundle, the liquid film finally enters the separator 15 through gas-liquid two phases at the tube bundle outlet, the liquid film on the surface of the tube bundle is heated to generate steam, the steam flows to the upper part of the separator 15, pure ammonia gas is. Engine tail gas enters from a tail gas inlet pipe 1 of the tail gas heat exchanger and exits from a tail gas outlet pipe 2; the cooling seawater enters from a cooling water inlet pipe 25 of the seawater heat exchanger 23 and exits from a cooling water outlet pipe 26; the coolant enters at a coolant inlet duct 37 of an evaporator 39 and exits at a coolant outlet duct 38.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The marine ammonia water absorption type refrigerating system is characterized in that: including the heat source end and with the cold junction, the heat source end include tail gas heat exchanger (4), separator (15) and solution heat exchanger (17), include sea water heat exchanger (23), condensation absorber (31), evaporimeter (39), refrigerant choke valve (43), subcooler (47) and solution choke valve (50) with the cold junction, the heat source end with link to each other with cold junction by ammonia, weak ammonia water solution and strong aqueous ammonia solution pipeline, tail gas heat exchanger (4) link to each other with separator (15), separator (15) link to each other with solution heat exchanger (17), solution heat exchanger (17) link to each other with sea water heat exchanger (23) through weak ammonia water pipeline, sea water heat exchanger (23) link to each other with condensation absorber (31), condensation absorber (31) link to each other with separator (15) through the subcooler pipeline, condensation absorber (31) link to each other with ammonia gas ware (47), the condensation absorber (31) is connected with a circulating pump (29), the circulating pump (29) is connected with a seawater heat exchanger (23), the circulating pump (29) is connected with a solution pump (28), the solution pump (28) is connected with the separator (15) through a concentrated ammonia water pipeline, and the subcooler (47) is connected with the evaporator (39).
2. The marine ammonia absorption refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein: the tail gas heat exchanger (4) comprises a tail gas inlet pipe (1) arranged at the top of the heat exchanger body, a tail gas outlet pipe (2) arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger body and a tail gas heat exchange pipe bundle (3) arranged in the heat exchanger body; a rectifying tube bundle (8), an auxiliary rectifying tube bundle (7), a liquid distributor (13) and a stripping tube bundle (22) are sequentially arranged in the separator (15) from top to bottom, an ammonia gas outlet pipe (9) is arranged at the top of the separator (15), a rectifying tube bundle inlet pipe (10) is connected to the top of the rectifying tube bundle (8), a rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe (11) is connected to the bottom of the rectifying tube bundle (7), an auxiliary rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe (12) is connected to the bottom of the auxiliary rectifying tube bundle (7), the liquid distributor (13) penetrates out of the outer wall of the separator (15) and is connected with a solution heat exchanger (17), a stripping tube bundle inlet pipe (16) is connected to the bottom of the stripping tube bundle (22), the top of the stripping tube bundle (22) is connected to the inside of the separator (15), and a separator dilute solution outlet pipe (14) is connected to the bottom of the separator (15); the solution heat exchanger (17) is respectively connected with a dilute solution inlet pipe (18) at the top and a dilute solution outlet pipe (21) at the bottom, a heat exchange tube bundle (51) is arranged in the solution heat exchanger (17), a concentrated solution outlet pipe (20) is connected with the top of the heat exchange tube bundle (51), and a concentrated solution inlet pipe (19) is connected with the bottom of the heat exchange tube bundle (51).
3. The marine ammonia absorption refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein: the seawater heat exchanger (23) is provided with a solution inlet pipe (27), a solution outlet pipe (24), a cooling water inlet pipe (25) and a cooling water outlet pipe (26); a condensation absorption tube bundle (34) is arranged in the condensation absorber (31), a condensation absorption tube bundle inlet pipe (35) is connected to the top of the condensation absorption tube bundle (34), a condensation absorption tube bundle outlet pipe (33) is connected to the bottom of the condensation absorption tube bundle (34), an ammonia gas inlet pipe (32) is connected to the bottom of the condensation absorber (31), a condensation absorber solution outlet pipe (30) is connected, a condensation liquid distributor (36) is arranged on the upper portion of the condensation absorption tube bundle (34), and the condensation liquid distributor (36) is connected with the solution outlet pipe (24); the subcooler (47) comprises a subcooled heat exchange tube bundle (46) arranged inside, a subcooler ammonia gas inlet pipe (45) connected from the bottom of the subcooler (47), and a subcooler ammonia gas outlet pipe (49) connected from the top of the subcooler (47), wherein the top of the subcooled heat exchange tube bundle (46) is connected with a heat exchange tube bundle inlet pipe (48), and the bottom of the subcooler ammonia gas outlet pipe (44); an evaporator tube bundle (40) is arranged in the evaporator (39), the evaporator (39) is provided with a secondary refrigerant inlet tube (37) and a secondary refrigerant outlet tube (38), the top of the evaporator tube bundle (40) is connected with an evaporator tube bundle outlet tube (41), and the bottom of the evaporator tube bundle (40) is connected with an evaporator tube bundle inlet tube (42).
4. The marine ammonia absorption refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein: the tail gas heat exchanger (4) and the separator (15) are connected through a connecting pipeline, an ammonia water outlet pipe (5) is connected with a stripping tube bundle inlet pipe (16), and an ammonia water inlet pipe (6) is connected with an auxiliary rectifying tube bundle outlet pipe (12).
5. The marine ammonia absorption refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein: the connection pipeline of the solution heat exchanger (17) and the seawater heat exchanger (23) is that a dilute solution outlet pipe (21) is connected between a solution inlet pipe (27) and an outlet of a circulating pump (29) through a solution throttle valve (50).
6. The marine ammonia absorption refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein: the connection pipeline of the seawater heat exchanger (23) and the condensation absorber (31) is that a solution inlet pipe (27) is connected with a solution outlet pipe (30) of the condensation absorber through a circulating pump (29), and a solution outlet pipe (24) is connected with a condensation liquid distributor (36).
7. The marine ammonia absorption refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein: the connection pipeline of the condensation absorber (31) and the separator (15) is that an ammonia gas outlet pipe (9) is connected with a condensation absorber tube bundle inlet pipe (35).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010829449.4A CN111854218A (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | Marine ammonia absorption type refrigeration system |
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| CN202010829449.4A CN111854218A (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | Marine ammonia absorption type refrigeration system |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112759007A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-05-07 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Indirect ammonia water stripping device |
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