CN111853066B - 滚动轴承、机械元件及固体膜形成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种滚动轴承、机械元件及固体膜形成方法,该方法是在滚动轴承的轴承结构元件上形成固体膜的方法。使包含氟化物和不具有官能团的润滑剂的溶液作为液状膜附着于轴承结构元件,所述氟化物将甲基丙烯酸3‑(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯、六氟丙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为成分。通过使附着的所述液状膜固化,而在轴承结构元件上形成固体膜。
Description
本申请是申请日为2017年6月9日、申请号为201710432943.5的、发明名称为“滚动轴承、机械元件及固体膜形成方法”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及滚动轴承、机械元件及固体膜形成方法。
背景技术
在无法使用润滑脂、润滑油的真空环境、腐蚀环境中使用滚动轴承的情况下,对内圈、外圈等轴承结构元件实施将固体润滑剂设为膜状的涂层。该涂层中,以往,例如使用金、银、铅等软质金属或石墨、二硫化钼等层状结构物质。
在将使用了固体润滑剂的涂层形成于滚动轴承的情况下,在轴承旋转时,通过微量的固体润滑剂剥落而有助于润滑。在该情况下,来自滚动轴承的扬尘量与使用润滑脂、润滑油的情况相比变少,但在需要较高的清洁度的环境中,其应用仍存在困难。因此,提出在轴承结构元件上形成有含氟聚氨酯高分子化合物的固体膜的滚动轴承(例如,参照日本特开平9-137830号公报)。
根据上述日本特开平9-137830号公报中记载的技术,在无法使用润滑脂、润滑油的真空环境、腐蚀环境及清洁环境中能够作为合适的滚动轴承。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于,提供能够降低扬尘和提高润滑性的滚动轴承、机械元件及用于制造这样的滚动轴承、机械元件的固体膜形成方法。
本发明的一方式的滚动轴承的结构上的特征在于,具备内圈、外圈及设置于所述内圈与所述外圈之间的多个滚动体作为轴承结构元件,在至少一个所述轴承结构元件上形成有氟化物的固体膜,所述氟化物包含甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯、六氟丙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为成分,在所述固体膜中分散地添加有不具有官能团的润滑剂。
附图说明
前述及后述的本发明的特征及优点通过下面的具体实施方式的说明并参照附图而明确,其中,相同的标号表示相同的部件。
图1是表示本发明的滚动轴承的一实施方式的剖视图。
图2是表示甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯的通式(化学式)的图。
图3是表示六氟丙烯的通式(化学式)的图。
图4是表示甲基丙烯酸甲酯的通式(化学式)的图。
图5是固体膜的说明图。
图6是用于扬尘试验的装置的说明图。
图7是表示试验条件的图。
图8是表示20小时的平均扬尘量(个/cf)的坐标图。
图9是表示超过10级相当的扬尘量的时间(即扬尘寿命)的坐标图。
图10是说明固体膜形成方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是表示本发明的滚动轴承的一实施方式的剖视图。滚动轴承10具备内圈11、外圈12、多个滚动体(13)及保持架14,在图1所示的方式中,所述滚动体是滚珠13。即,图1所示的滚动轴承10是滚珠轴承。保持架14是将多个滚珠13在周向上隔开间隔而保持的环状的部件。这些内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14分别被称为轴承结构元件。在本实施方式中,在这些轴承结构元件各自的表面形成有固体膜15。
本实施方式的内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14由具有耐腐蚀性的材料形成。例如,可以设为马氏体不锈钢、奥氏体不锈钢,或者也可以是陶瓷材料。除了这样的耐腐蚀性材料以外,内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14也可以是轴承钢等碳钢。关于保持架14,也可以设为黄铜、合成树脂材料。
固体膜15形成于内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14各自的整个表面。该固体膜15是由氟化物形成的膜,所述氟化物包含甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯、六氟丙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为单体成分。
将表示甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯的结构的通式(化学式)示于图2。将表示六氟丙烯的结构的通式(化学式)示于图3。将表示甲基丙烯酸甲酯的结构的通式(化学式)示于图4。
在固体膜15中分散地添加有不具有官能团的润滑剂,润滑剂能够从固体膜15流动。所述润滑剂由氟聚合物构成,在本实施方式中使用全氟聚醚(以下,也称为PFPE油)。这样的由氟系润滑剂(氟系润滑油)构成的不具有官能团的润滑剂(氟聚合物)分散地添加于固体膜15。固体膜15的厚度为例如一~几微米左右。
对固体膜15的形成方法进行说明。内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14被脱脂,形成为它们已被装配的状态。因此,在本实施方式中,在已装配为滚动轴承10的状态下进行了脱脂。
准备以下说明的溶液,在该溶液中浸渍已装配的状态的滚动轴承10,使内圈11与外圈12相对旋转数次。由此,能够在内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14各自的表面整体附着液状膜(即所述溶液的膜)(附着处理)。
所述溶液是具有氟化物并且添加了作为氟聚合物的润滑剂(全氟聚醚)的溶液,所述氟化物包含甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯、六氟丙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为单体成分。所述氟化物具有官能团,相对于此,所述润滑剂不具有官能团。对该溶液进一步进行说明。将氟化物作为第一溶质,所述氟化物将甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯、六氟丙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为单体成分。将不具有官能团的全氟聚醚(PFPE油)作为第二溶质。所述溶液是向使所述第一溶质被溶剂稀释而成的溶液中加入所述第二溶质而成的溶液。作为所述溶剂是氟溶剂,具体而言,是乙基九氟异丁基醚及乙基九氟丁基醚的混合液。
在溶液中,优选将第一溶质设为0.5~5重量百分比,相对于此,将第二溶质设为0.1~2重量百分比。若使第一溶质不满0.5重量百分比,则所形成的固体膜15成为薄且柔软的膜,耐磨损效果可能降低。相对于此,若第一溶质超过5重量百分比,则轴承结构元件彼此经由固体膜15粘合得较强,有时解除该粘合变得困难。因此,更加优选将第一溶质设为1~3重量百分比。而且,若使第二溶质不满0.1重量百分比,则润滑剂的润滑效果可能变低。相对于此,若第二溶质超过2重量百分比,则有时使所形成的固体膜15的粘着性降低。因此,更加优选将第二溶质设为0.3~1重量百分比。
为了确保固体膜15的粘着性,溶液中包含的第一溶质(所述氟化物)与第二溶质(全氟聚醚)的配合优选为第一溶质比第二溶质多。即,第一溶质与第二溶质的配合比例优选将第一溶质设定得比第二溶质高,例如优选设为(第一溶质:第二溶质)=(4:1)的配合比例。
并且,使这样的配合的溶液作为液状膜附着于轴承结构元件(附着工序)。在本实施方式中,对使滚动轴承10的整体浸渍于所述溶液的情况进行了说明,但也可以通过其他手段使轴承结构元件附着液状膜。而且,也可以不以装配为滚动轴承10的状态而以零散的状态使轴承结构元件分别附着液状膜。
并且,使附着于轴承结构元件的液状膜固化。作为具体的方法,对滚动轴承10进行加热(在恒温槽中以100℃保持60分钟),使皮膜(液状膜)发生固化反应。由此,在轴承结构元件的表面形成固体膜15(成膜工序)。作为为了使所述液状膜固化而设定的温度设为50~150℃即可。但是,该温度应该为轴承结构元件的回火温度以下。
如上所述,在滚动轴承10的轴承结构元件形成固体膜15的固体膜形成方法如图10所示,包括附着工序和成膜工序。在所述附着工序中,使包含氟化物和不具有官能团的润滑剂(PFPE油)的溶液作为液状膜而附着于轴承结构元件,所述氟化物将甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯、六氟丙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为单体成分。并且,在所述成膜工序中,通过使附着的所述液状膜固化,而在轴承结构元件上形成固体膜15。
根据该方法制造的滚动轴承10具备内圈11、外圈12、设置于这些内圈11与外圈12之间的多个滚珠13及保持架14作为轴承结构元件。在这些轴承结构元件上形成有氟化物的固体膜15,所述氟化物包含甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基酯、六氟丙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为单体成分。并且,在该固体膜15中分散地添加有能够流动的不具有官能团的氟聚合物的润滑剂。
如上所述而得到的固体膜15具有由于固化反应而分子之间被结合的结构。特别地,如图5所示,通过固体膜15所具有的Si基与轴承结构元件(基体材料M)的羟基(OH基)结合,固体膜15相对于轴承结构元件的粘着性变高,能够减少由固体膜15产生的扬尘。需要说明的是,轴承结构元件通常具有羟基(OH基)。而且,在固体膜15也通过硅氧烷结合而结合得较强,并覆盖轴承结构元件的表面,因此难以剥落,能够减少扬尘。需要说明的是,图5的左侧是固化反应前,右侧表示固化反应后。而且,不具有官能团的氟聚合物的润滑剂以能够流动的状态分散地添加于固体膜15,因此,即氟聚合物的润滑剂由于不具有官能团而能够流动。由此,该润滑剂从固体膜15渗出而能够有助于滚动轴承10的润滑,能够使润滑性提高。
在本实施方式中,所述润滑剂由不具有官能团的氟聚合物构成,因此能够提高滚动轴承10的润滑性能。而且,氟化物(所述第一溶质)的配合比例比氟聚合物(所述第二溶质)的配合比例高。由此,提高固体膜15相对于轴承结构元件的粘着性的作用变强。如此,在本实施方式的固体膜15中,基底树脂为氟系(所述氟化物),在此作为润滑剂(代替以往的固体润滑剂)添加有不具有官能团的氟聚合物。
而且,在本实施方式的固体膜形成方法中,所使用的所述溶液是将氟化物(所述第一溶质)和润滑剂(所述第二溶质,即全氟聚醚)加入溶剂而得到的溶液。该溶剂是包含乙基九氟异丁基醚和乙基九氟丁基醚中的至少一种的醚。在该情况下,也可以不使用氟化物用(所述第一溶质用)和润滑剂用(所述第二溶质用,即全氟聚醚用)的两种溶剂。
接着,对所形成的固体膜15的扬尘寿命进行说明。在此,列举实施例1和现有例1。实施例1如上述实施方式那样,对装配完成的滚动轴承进行脱脂清洗,使由所述溶液形成的液状膜附着(附着工序),使该液状膜固化(成膜工序)。需要说明的是,在脱脂清洗中,分别利用己烷及丙酮,以超声波清洗机进行了1分钟的清洗。所述液状膜的附着是将滚动轴承在所述溶液中浸渍1分钟而进行的。并且,固化是在100℃的条件下烧成60分钟而进行的。在实施例1中,关于所述溶液,将第一溶质(所述氟化物)设为2重量百分比,将第二溶质(不具有官能团的全氟聚醚)设为0.5重量百分比,将第一溶质与第二溶质之间的配合比例设为4:1。现有例1是在背景技术中说明的(日本特开平9-137830号公报)形成有含氟聚氨酯高分子化合物的固体膜的滚动轴承。
将实施例1及现有例1的滚动轴承分别安装于图6所示的装置并进行了扬尘试验。图6中的箭头表示空气(净化空气)的流动,空气通过轴承内向颗粒计数器流动。试验条件如图7所示。
图8是表示试验开始后的20小时的平均扬尘量(个/cf)的坐标图。图9是表示超过10级相当的扬尘量的时间(即扬尘寿命)的坐标图。如图8所示,实施例1的平均扬尘量比现有例1低,成为优选的结果。而且,如图9所示,实施例1的扬尘寿命比现有例1长,成为优选的结果。
根据以上,在本实施方式的滚动轴承10(实施例1)中,固体膜15相对于轴承结构元件的粘着性变高。因此,由固体膜15产生的扬尘减少。而且,根据上述试验的结果(参照图9),固体膜15能够具有较高的耐久性。并且,所述润滑油从固体膜15渗出而能够有助于滚动轴承10的润滑,能够实现润滑性的提高。
需要说明的是,在上述实施方式中,将内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14设为装配的状态,并将其浸渍于所述溶液而形成了固体膜15。但是,也可以以装配之前的状态将轴承结构元件浸渍于所述溶液而在轴承结构元件分别形成固体膜15,然后,作为滚动轴承10进行装配。而且,对在内圈11、外圈12、滚珠13及保持架14的全部形成固体膜15的情况进行了说明。但是,也可以在至少一个轴承结构元件上形成固体膜15。在该情况下,使所述溶液作为液状膜附着于至少一个轴承结构元件上即可,然后,使该液状膜固化即可。并且,作为完成品装配滚动轴承10即可。并且,图1所示的滚动轴承10具备保持架14,但也可以在省略了保持架14的滚动轴承中应用本发明。
而且,固体膜15也可以不设置于轴承结构元件的整体,也可以是局部的。例如,在内圈11及外圈12的情况下,至少在滚动体(滚珠13)所滚动接触的轨道面设置有固体膜15即可。而且,在保持架14与内圈11或外圈12的一部分滑动接触的情况下,在该一部分设置有固体膜15即可。而且,也可以仅在轴承结构元件中的滚动体(滚珠13)的表面(整体)设置有固体膜15。
而且,所述固体膜形成方法能够将除图1所示那样的滚动轴承以外的其他的机械元件作为对象,在机械元件所具有的结构部件形成固体膜即可。例如,通过所述固体膜形成方法在结构部件形成固体膜的机械元件可以设为包括进行滚动接触的结构部件在内的滚珠丝杆、直线导轨等直动元件。
以上公开的实施方式在所有的方面都是示例而非限制性的。即,本发明的滚动轴承不局限于图示的方式,在本发明的范围内也可以是其他方式。
根据本发明的滚动轴承(机械元件),固体膜相对于轴承结构元件(结构部件)的粘着性变高,能够减少由固体膜产生的扬尘。润滑剂能够从固体膜渗出而有助于滚动轴承(机械元件)的润滑,能够实现润滑性的提高。根据本发明的固体膜形成方法,能够制造如上所述那样的滚动轴承(机械元件)。
Claims (3)
3.一种机械元件,包括进行滚动接触的结构部件,其中,
在所述结构部件上形成有根据权利要求2所述的固体膜形成方法得到的固体膜。
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