CN111852433B - Method for improving flow conductivity of dolomite reservoir multi-scale fracture - Google Patents
Method for improving flow conductivity of dolomite reservoir multi-scale fracture Download PDFInfo
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- CN111852433B CN111852433B CN201910347917.1A CN201910347917A CN111852433B CN 111852433 B CN111852433 B CN 111852433B CN 201910347917 A CN201910347917 A CN 201910347917A CN 111852433 B CN111852433 B CN 111852433B
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- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the flow conductivity of a dolomite reservoir multi-scale fracture, which is characterized in that on the basis of conventional reservoir compressibility evaluation, low-viscosity preposed liquid variable displacement fracture making is adopted at the early stage to control the height of the fracture, and then high-viscosity cross-linking acid is injected to improve the corrosion resistance of a far well; and in the main fracturing stage, a large-discharge low-viscosity liquid is injected into the extended fracture length, low-sand-ratio powder ceramic is carried to improve the filling degree of micro fractures and natural fractures, then the fracture wall surface is corroded by gelled acid liquid to increase the fracture width, and finally a high-viscosity fracturing liquid is used to carry a large-particle-size propping agent into a reservoir, so that the flow conductivity of the main fracture is improved. According to the method, the transformation volume of the dolomite reservoir is improved as much as possible through multiple fracturing fluids, and multi-scale fractures are formed; the erosion width of the far well and fractures of various sizes is deepened through a plurality of acid systems, so that a propping agent can better enter, and the flow conductivity of the whole fractures is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of oil exploitation, in particular to a method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir.
Background
For a dolomite reservoir, the conventional modification mode mainly adopts acid fracturing, but a dolomite matrix is compact, the etching form is relatively uniform, and although the initial fracture conductivity of a rock plate is relatively high, the acid etching fracture conductivity is rapidly reduced due to relatively uniform overall etching form and too few supporting points of the rock plate. After partial rock plate is acid-etched, the rock surface is covered with a layer of clay to prevent H from being contained + The acid liquor contacts with the carbonate rock component at the lower part, the reaction rate of the acid rock in the longitudinal direction is reduced, the etching degree is poor, and a good transformation effect is difficult to obtain by adopting a conventional acid pressing mode.
The prior art discloses a argillaceous dolomite ground cross-linked acid sand-carrying acid fracturing method, which adopts ground cross-linked acid as a preposed hydraulic pressure to open a stratum, and then uses the ground cross-linked acid to carry a propping agent to improve the comprehensive flow conductivity of a fracture. However, for a deep dolomite reservoir, the burial depth exceeds 5000m, a high flow guide supporting effect of non-uniform etching is difficult to form by adopting a conventional acid fracturing process, and if a cross-linked acid composite sand adding mode is adopted, the construction pressure is high, and the risk of sand blocking is easy to occur. In summary, a new technology capable of forming deep dolomite reservoir multi-scale fractures is required to be provided, so that the transformation range and the overall flow conductivity of the dolomite reservoir are increased, and the transformation effect is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the multi-scale fracture flow conductivity of a dolomite reservoir, which is suitable for a deep dolomite reservoir, fully opens fractures of various scales, supports multi-scale micro-fractures and natural fractures, keeps the effectiveness of the fractures of various scales and forms a deep high-flow-conductivity transformation effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir comprises the steps of adopting low-viscosity preposed liquid variable displacement fracture forming to control the height of a fracture in the early stage on the basis of conventional reservoir compressibility evaluation, and then injecting high-viscosity cross-linking acid to improve the corrosion capacity of a far well; and in the main fracturing stage, a large-discharge low-viscosity liquid is injected into the extended fracture length, low-sand-ratio powder ceramic is carried to improve the filling degree of micro fractures and natural fractures, then the fracture wall surface is corroded by gelled acid liquid to increase the fracture width, and finally a high-viscosity fracturing liquid is used to carry a large-particle-size propping agent into a reservoir, so that the flow conductivity of the main fracture is improved.
The reservoir compressibility evaluation means that parameters such as mineral components, rock mechanical parameters, horizontal stress profiles, brittleness indexes, acid rock reaction rates and the like of the dolomite reservoir are analyzed through conventional logging, fracture description and the like, and compressibility of the deep dolomite reservoir is comprehensively evaluated.
The crack height is controlled by the variable displacement of the low-viscosity pad fluid, namely the variable displacement is 1-6m 3 And the construction mode of/min gradually increases the discharge capacity, firstly communicates with the natural fracture to increase the complexity of the fracture, and simultaneously reduces the temperature of a reservoir stratum to slow down the reaction rate of acid rock.
Further, the amount of the highly viscous crosslinking acid injected is 30% of the amount corresponding to the final length of the crack.
Further, in the process of injecting the cross-linking acid, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the grade number of the proppant slug is 2-4 grades, and the concentration of the proppant is 30-120kg/m 3 。
And (3) injecting the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid to calculate the liquid amount of the low-viscosity fracturing liquid according to the calculated final fracture length, wherein the liquid amount of the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid is 30% of the liquid amount corresponding to the final fracture length, and the displacement is the maximum displacement which does not exceed the pressure limiting of a wellhead during simulation.
Further, after the process of injecting low-viscosity liquid, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the grade number of the proppant slug is 3-5 grades, and the concentration of the proppant is 30-180kg/m 3 。
The gelled acid with medium viscosity is adopted in the stage of corroding the wall surface of the crack and increasing the width of the crackViscosity of 15-20 mPas, the acid solution dosage is 3-5m 3 The discharge capacity is 80 percent of the highest construction discharge capacity.
The high-viscosity fracturing fluid carries a large-particle-size proppant to enter a reservoir stratum stage, the 40-70-mesh proppant and the 30-50-mesh proppant are injected in a pulse mode, and the construction discharge capacity is 4-5m 3 And/min, when the pulse interval time is 2 minutes, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after shearing is more than 30mPa.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the transformation volume of the dolomite reservoir is improved as much as possible by the aid of various fracturing fluids, and multi-scale fractures are formed; the erosion width of the far well and fractures of various sizes is deepened through a plurality of acid systems, so that a propping agent can better enter, and the flow conductivity of the whole fractures is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
Example (b): a method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir comprises the following steps:
step one, evaluating the reservoir compressibility: analyzing mineral components, rock mechanical parameters, a horizontal stress profile, a brittleness index, an acid rock reaction rate and other parameters of the dolomite reservoir through conventional logging, fracture description and other methods, and comprehensively evaluating the compressibility of the deep dolomite reservoir;
step two, low-viscosity pre-liquid variable displacement: the low-viscosity liquid is beneficial to controlling the seam height, has good effect of making long seams, has strong seam height control capability and passes through the variable displacement of 1-6m 3 The construction method is characterized in that the discharge capacity is gradually increased in a min construction mode, natural fractures are communicated firstly, the complexity of the fractures is increased, and meanwhile, the temperature of a reservoir is reduced, and the acid rock reaction rate is slowed down;
step three, injecting high-discharge amount of high-viscosity cross-linked acid: and simulating the crack propagation condition of high-viscosity cross-linking acid under different discharge capacities, wherein the partial cross-linking acid is mainly used for improving the corrosion capacity of the crack at the far well. The amount of cross-linking acid used here is the amount of liquid corresponding to 30% of the final length of the fracture reached, taking into account the subsequent injection of acid and sand-carrying liquids. In the process of injecting the crosslinking acid,carrying 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite in a low sand ratio mode, wherein the grade number of proppant slugs is 2-4, and the concentration of proppant is 30-120kg/m 3 The propping capacity of the far well fracture is improved;
step four, injecting low-viscosity fracturing fluid with large discharge: and on the basis of the third step, calculating the liquid amount of the low-viscosity fracturing fluid according to the calculated final fracture length, wherein the discharge capacity is the maximum discharge capacity which does not exceed the pressure limiting of a well head during simulation. After 30% of liquid is injected in the stage, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the number of stages of proppant slugs is 3-5, and the concentration of proppant is 30-180kg/m 3 The filling degree of the micro cracks and the natural cracks is improved;
step five, adding gelling acid: the stage mainly adopts gelled acid with medium viscosity, the viscosity is 15-20 mPa.s, the reaction speed of the acid rock is higher than that of crosslinking acid, and the corrosion seam width can be effectively increased. Simulating the influence of acid liquor discharge and dosage on the whole seam width of the crack, wherein according to the calculation result, the dosage of the acid liquor at the stage is generally 3-5m 3 Min, the discharge capacity is 80% of the highest construction discharge capacity;
step six, carrying proppant pulse type sand adding by the high-viscosity fracturing fluid: and 4, injecting 40-70 meshes and 30-50 meshes of propping agents in a pulse mode under the condition of considering the well depth and the relatively narrow acid fracturing seam width of the dolomite reservoir. According to the calculation result, the proportion of the 40/70 mesh proppant in the stage is 70-80%. The construction displacement and the fracturing fluid volume at the stage are simulated through fracturing software, the displacement is not beneficial to discontinuous laying of the propping agent due to over-low or over-high, and the construction displacement is generally 4-5m according to the simulation result 3 And/min, when the pulse interval time is 2 minutes, the laying shape distribution of the propping agent is better. Considering the sand carrying effect of the fracturing fluid, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after shearing is larger than 30mPa.s, so that the proppant is brought into fracture systems with different scales.
The method is effectively applied to acid fracturing modification construction of a dolomite reservoir in northwest regions, the well depth is 5500m, and the reservoir temperature is 140 ℃. By the method provided by the invention, the thickness of the coating is 1-6m at the initial stage of construction 3 Permin displacement injection 60m 3 Slick water, then injected at 5m 3 Min displacement injection120m 3 Crosslinking acid and carrying sand with a concentration ratio of 30kg/m 3 、60kg/ m 3 、90kg/m 3 100 mesh proppant. Then the reaction solution is added at a temperature of 6-7m 3 Permin displacement injection 320m 3 Slickwater (viscosity is 9-12mPa.s) is carried with 100-mesh proppant in a segmentary sand adding mode, and the sand concentration is 30kg/m 3 、60 kg/m 3 、90kg/m 3 、120kg/m 3 、180kg/m 3 . Then at 4-5m 3 Permin displacement injection 360m 3 The gelled acid (viscosity of 20mPa.s) increases the corrosion gap width and the flow conductivity of the main gap and the branch gap. Finally, injecting 40/70 mesh and 30/50 mesh propping agents into a high-viscosity fracturing fluid (with the viscosity of 50mPa.s) in a pulse mode (with the interval time of 2 min), wherein the sand concentration is 30kg/m respectively 3 、90 kg/m 3 、120kg/m 3 、180kg/m 3 、240kg/m 3 、270kg/m 3 And 300kg/m 3 And (5) until the construction is finished.
The above technical features constitute the best embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and best implementation effect.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving multi-scale fracture conductivity of a dolomite reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps: on the basis of conventional reservoir compressibility evaluation, the crack height is controlled by adopting low-viscosity front-mounted liquid variable displacement crack formation in the early stage, and then high-viscosity cross-linking acid is injected to improve the corrosion capacity of a far well; and in the main fracturing stage, a large-discharge low-viscosity liquid is injected into the extended fracture length, low-sand-ratio powder ceramic is carried to improve the filling degree of micro fractures and natural fractures, then the fracture wall surface is corroded by gelled acid liquid to increase the fracture width, and finally a high-viscosity fracturing liquid is used to carry a large-particle-size propping agent into a reservoir, so that the flow conductivity of the main fracture is improved.
2. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reservoir compressibility evaluation refers to the comprehensive evaluation of compressibility of a deep dolomite reservoir by analyzing mineral components, rock mechanical parameters, a horizontal stress profile, a brittleness index and an acid rock reaction rate of the dolomite reservoir through conventional well logging and fracture description.
3. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomitic reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the crack height is controlled by the variable displacement of the low-viscosity pad fluid, namely the variable displacement is 1-6m 3 The construction method is characterized in that the discharge capacity is gradually increased, natural fractures are communicated first, the complexity of the fractures is improved, and meanwhile the temperature of a reservoir is reduced to slow down the acid rock reaction rate.
4. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomitic reservoir as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the amount of the highly viscous crosslinking acid injected is a liquid amount corresponding to 30% of the final length of the crack.
5. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the process of injecting the cross-linking acid, 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite is carried in a low sand ratio mode, the grade number of the proppant slug is 2-4 grades, and the concentration of the proppant is 30-120kg/m 3 。
6. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) injecting the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid to calculate the liquid amount of the low-viscosity fracturing liquid according to the calculated final fracture length, wherein the liquid amount of the high-displacement low-viscosity liquid is 30% of the liquid amount corresponding to the final fracture length, and the displacement is the maximum displacement which does not exceed the pressure limiting of a wellhead during simulation.
7. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomitic reservoir as claimed in claim 6, wherein: after the process of injecting low-viscosity liquid, carrying 100-mesh high-strength ceramsite in a low sand ratio mode, wherein the grade number of proppant slugs is 3-5, and the concentration of proppant is 30-180kg/m 3 。
8. The method of claim 1 for enhancing dolomite reservoir multiscale fractureThe method for guiding the flow of the seam is characterized by comprising the following steps: the gelled acid solution is adopted in the stage of corroding the wall surface of the crack and increasing the crack width, the viscosity is 15-20 mPa.s, and the acid solution dosage is 3-5m 3 And/min, wherein the discharge capacity is 80% of the highest construction discharge capacity.
9. The method for improving the multi-scale fracture conductivity of the dolomite reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-viscosity fracturing fluid carries a large-particle-size proppant to enter a reservoir stratum stage, the 40-70-mesh proppant and the 30-50-mesh proppant are injected in a pulse mode, and the construction discharge capacity is 4-5m 3 And/min, when the pulse interval time is 2 minutes, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid after shearing is more than 30mPa.
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