CN111851442B - A interception adsorption band for river course reveals oil recovery - Google Patents
A interception adsorption band for river course reveals oil recovery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111851442B CN111851442B CN202010715646.3A CN202010715646A CN111851442B CN 111851442 B CN111851442 B CN 111851442B CN 202010715646 A CN202010715646 A CN 202010715646A CN 111851442 B CN111851442 B CN 111851442B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
- E02B15/0807—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material with stabilising elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/10—Devices for removing the material from the surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an interception and adsorption belt for recovering oil leaked from a river channel, which belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and comprises a plurality of shells, wherein the upper end and the lower end of each shell are respectively connected with a floating ball and a fixed cone, the floating ball comprises a fixed hemisphere, a sealed hemisphere is clamped on the fixed hemisphere, a liquid storage box is arranged in the fixed hemisphere, an air bag is fixedly connected in the sealed hemisphere, an expansion bag is arranged in each shell, a water inlet hole is formed in each shell, a water permeable cloth layer is fixedly connected in each water inlet hole, a partition plate is fixedly connected on the inner wall of each shell through a nail, a puncture cone is slidably connected on each partition plate, a fiber adsorption net is fixedly connected between every two adjacent shells, a liquid guide pipe is fixedly connected on each fiber adsorption net, the oil in the river channel can be intercepted, and adsorbed and recovered, and chemical oil is uniformly sprayed in the intercepting process, so that the petroleum near the interception zone is firstly weakened by the chemical oil agent and then adsorbed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to an interception adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a river channel.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the demand for energy has been increasing. The probability of an oil spill contaminating a river event during the course of crude oil extraction, transportation and refining is increased. The oil spilled on water cannot be quickly recycled and disposed, and the ecological environment depending on the existence of human beings is seriously harmed.
In the long-term pipeline emergency management process, the mature understanding of various emergency repair treatment methods and links of the land oil spill is formed, but the meticulous treatment experience and method for recovering the oil products leaked on the water are lacked. The technical method for recovering and disposing the oil products on the water is an emergency rescue method based on the leakage of an oil pipeline to pollute the river. The core idea is that after the oil enters a river event, field resources are utilized, according to risk identification and evaluation processes, all methods are adopted to control the inflow and diffusion range of the oil, and all links of emergency rescue are organically connected.
At present, the net rope that is used for the interception area in river course mostly will have the adsorption only assumes that the river course surface floats the absorption of oil on the river course, and when revealing the oil volume great, current interception area adsorption efficiency is lower, and easy oil is piled up in interception area department and is walked the interception area again and continue to flow, and need use and build on the river course that a lot of interception areas just can play certain oil absorption recovery effect, very extravagant manpower and materials.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an interception and adsorption belt for recovering leaked petroleum in a river channel.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
An interception adsorption band for recovering leaked petroleum in a riverway comprises a plurality of shells, wherein the upper end and the lower end of each shell are respectively connected with a floating ball and a fixed cone, each floating ball comprises a fixed hemisphere, a sealed hemisphere is clamped on each fixed hemisphere, a liquid storage box is arranged in each fixed hemisphere, an air bag is fixedly connected in each sealed hemisphere, an expansion bag is placed in each shell, a water inlet is formed in each shell, a water permeable cloth layer is fixedly connected in each water inlet, a partition plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of each shell, a puncture cone is connected to each partition plate in a sliding mode, a sealing plug is fixedly connected to one end, close to each expansion bag, of each puncture cone, a pair of mounting grooves are formed in the outer wall of each shell, a fiber adsorption net is fixedly connected between every two adjacent shells, a catheter is fixedly connected to each fiber adsorption net, and the two ends of each catheter are respectively and fixedly connected with the inner cavities of the two shells, the liquid inlet of the liquid guide pipe is positioned between the partition board and the liquid storage box, a plurality of pairs of wing plates which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected on the liquid guide pipe, a plurality of adsorption blocks which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected on the fiber adsorption net, and liquid guide channels communicated with the liquid guide pipe are drilled in the wing plates, the scheme is that the fiber adsorption net is erected on the river channel to intercept petroleum in water so as to intercept and adsorb and recover the petroleum in the river channel, in addition, the liquid storage box in the device is broken in the intercepting process, so that the plurality of wing plates adjust the chemical oil agent flowing in the liquid storage box to spray, the petroleum near the intercepting belt is weakened by the chemical oil agent and then is adsorbed by the fiber adsorption net and the adsorption blocks, the density of the petroleum after the reaction of the chemical oil agent is reduced, the adsorption rate of the fiber adsorption net and the adsorption blocks is improved, and the adsorption of the fiber adsorption net and the adsorption blocks is effectively prevented from being adsorbed in time when the petroleum impacts the intercepting belt, excess oil spills over the interceptor zone.
The oil storage box is internally stored with an oil chemical agent, the using amount of the oil chemical agent is generally 5-50% of the oil overflowing amount, and the oil is weakened through the oil chemical agent, so that the oil near the isolation belt is not easy to accumulate thickly.
Further, the fin includes the base plate, a pair of kickboard of fixedly connected with on the base plate, the exit fixedly connected with waterproof board of fin drain passageway, the inclination of waterproof board is 30, blocks moisture entering in the fin through the waterproof board.
Further, the adsorption block comprises an oil absorption sponge, a high oil absorption resin block is stored in the oil absorption sponge, crude oil with impurities is absorbed through the oil absorption sponge, and thin oil is adsorbed through the high oil absorption resin.
Furthermore, the liquid guide pipe is a flexible silica gel hose, and a rubber sealing ring is fixedly connected at the joint of the liquid guide pipe and the fins.
Further, the stock solution box includes the semicircle box body that the PVC material was made, the bottom fixedly connected with PE film of semicircle box body, PE film are used for sealing the stock solution box, and the easy puncture of stabbing awl of PE film is so that the chemical oil agent in the stock solution box discharges.
Furthermore, the upper end and the lower end of the isolation plate are fixedly connected with isolation rings matched with the puncture cones, and the joints of the puncture cones and the isolation plate are sealed through the isolation rings.
An interception adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a river channel comprises the following use methods:
s1, when in use, technicians control water gates at two ends of the river channel to slow down the flow rate of the river channel water flow, the technicians insert a plurality of shells into the river channel, and fix the device with the bottom end of the river channel through a fixing cone, so that the shells and the fiber adsorption net form an oil containment fence surrounding an oil leakage area;
s2, when the shell is put into water, the expansion bag absorbs water and expands to jack the puncture cone, so that the puncture cone breaks the film at the bottom end of the liquid storage box, the chemical oil agent stored in the liquid storage box enters the liquid guide tube, the chemical oil agent is uniformly sprayed out through the fins, and the sprayed chemical oil agent is distributed in a band shape along the fiber adsorption net;
s3, when the oil is intercepted by the fiber adsorption net, the adsorption efficiency of the fiber adsorption net and the adsorption block is limited, a large amount of oil is accumulated at one end of the fiber adsorption net to form a thicker oil layer, and the oil is contacted with a chemical oil agent in the accumulation process, so that part of the oil is emulsified to weaken the thickness of the oil layer and prevent the accumulated higher oil layer from overflowing the fiber adsorption net;
s4, when a large amount of petroleum impacts the fiber adsorption net, a small amount of petroleum still passes through the fiber adsorption net, the chemical oil agent sprayed from the other end of the fiber adsorption net can react with the petroleum which is not intercepted by the fiber adsorption net, and a thin oil layer generated by oil overflow is emulsified in the flowing process of the water body, so that the leaked small amount of petroleum is digested in the water.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the scheme, the petroleum in the river channel can be intercepted and adsorbed for recovery, the chemical oil agent is uniformly sprayed in the intercepting process, so that the petroleum near the intercepting zone is weakened by the chemical oil agent and then adsorbed, the adsorption rate of the adsorption net is improved, and the intercepting zone can be prevented from being overflowed by excessive petroleum when the petroleum impacts the intercepting zone.
(2) The fin includes the base plate, a pair of kickboard of fixedly connected with on the base plate, the exit fixedly connected with waterproof board of fin drain passageway, and the inclination of waterproof board is 30, blocks moisture entering fin through the waterproof board.
(3) The adsorption block comprises an oil absorption sponge, a high oil absorption resin block is stored in the oil absorption sponge, crude oil with impurities is absorbed through the oil absorption sponge, diluted oil is absorbed through the high oil absorption resin, a chemical oil agent is stored in the liquid storage box, the using amount of the chemical oil agent is generally 5-50% of the oil overflow amount, the oil is weakened through the chemical oil agent, and the oil near the isolation belt is not easy to stack thickly.
(4) The liquid storage box comprises a semicircular box body made of PVC materials, a PE film is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the semicircular box body and used for sealing the liquid storage box, and the PE film is easy to puncture by a puncture cone so as to facilitate the discharge of chemical oil agents in the liquid storage box
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the catheter of the present invention.
1 shell, 2 fixed cones, 3 floating balls, 4 liquid storage boxes, 5 expansion bags, 6 puncture cones, 7 isolation plates, 8 water permeable cloth layers, 9 fiber adsorption nets, 10 liquid guide pipes, 11 adsorption blocks and 12 fins.
Detailed Description
The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-2, an interception adsorption band for recovering leaked oil in a river comprises a plurality of shells 1, wherein the upper and lower ends of each shell 1 are respectively connected with a floating ball 3 and a fixed cone 2, the floating ball 3 comprises a fixed hemisphere 301, a sealed hemisphere 302 is clamped on the fixed hemisphere 301, a liquid storage box 4 is arranged in the fixed hemisphere 301, the liquid storage box 4 comprises a semicircular box body made of PVC material, the bottom end of the semicircular box body is fixedly connected with a PE film, the PE film is used for sealing the liquid storage box 4, the PE film is easy to be punctured by a puncture cone 6, so that the chemical oil agent in the liquid storage box 4 is discharged, the chemical oil agent is stored in the liquid storage box 4, the using amount of the chemical oil agent is generally 5-50% of the oil spilling amount, a person skilled in the art can select the liquid storage box 4 with a proper volume according to the oil leakage amount to be installed in the floating ball 3, and the oil is weakened through the chemical oil agent, so that the oil near the isolation belt is not easy to stack thickly.
Referring to fig. 2-3, an air bag is fixedly connected in a sealed hemisphere 302, an expansion bag 5 is placed in a shell 1, the expansion bag 5 is made of a conventional water-absorbing expansion material, a water inlet is drilled in the shell 1, a water-permeable cloth layer 8 is fixedly connected in the water inlet, a partition plate 7 is fixedly connected on the inner wall of the shell 1, isolation rings matched with a puncture cone 6 are fixedly connected to the upper end and the lower end of the partition plate 7, the joint of the puncture cone 6 and the partition plate 7 is sealed through the isolation rings, the puncture cone 6 is slidably connected on the partition plate 7, a sealing plug 601 is fixedly connected to one end of the puncture cone 6 close to the expansion bag 5, and the expansion bag 5 absorbs water and expands to extrude 601, so that the puncture cone moves upwards;
referring to fig. 3-4, a pair of mounting grooves are cut on the outer wall of each housing 1, a fiber adsorption net 9 is fixedly connected between two adjacent housings 1, a liquid guide tube 10 is fixedly connected to the fiber adsorption net 9, two ends of the liquid guide tube 10 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner cavities of the two housings 1, the liquid guide tube 10 is a flexible silicone hose, and a rubber sealing ring is fixedly connected to the joint of the liquid guide tube 10 and the wing 12. And the liquid inlet of the liquid guide pipe 10 is positioned between the isolation plate 7 and the liquid storage box 4, and a plurality of pairs of evenly distributed fins 12 are fixedly connected on the liquid guide pipe 10. A liquid guide channel communicated with the liquid guide tube 10 is drilled in the wing piece 12, the wing piece 12 comprises a base plate, a pair of floating plates are fixedly connected to the base plate, a waterproof plate is fixedly connected to the outlet of the liquid guide channel of the wing piece 12, the inclination angle of the waterproof plate is 30 degrees, water is prevented from entering the wing piece 12 through the waterproof plate, the wing piece 12 is made of light flexible materials, when the water level of a river channel changes, the wing piece 12 can float through the floating plate, the water outlet end of the wing piece 12 can be close to the water surface, and chemical oil agents discharged by the wing piece 12 can be easily fully accumulated in petroleum near the fiber adsorption net 9 for reaction;
a plurality of evenly distributed's of fixedly connected with adsorption block 11 on fibre adsorption net 9, adsorption block 11 includes the oil absorption sponge, and the storage has high oil absorption resin piece in the oil absorption sponge, and the oil absorption sponge is porous structure, carries impurity easily when revealing that oil flows in the oil love river, can absorb the crude oil that has impurity in the oil through the oil absorption sponge, and high oil absorption resin is stronger to the adsorptivity of oil, through oil absorption sponge interception crude oil after, the thin oil of rethread high oil absorption resin absorption.
This scheme is through setting up fibre adsorption net 9 on the river course and intercepting the oil of aquatic, in order to realize intercepting and adsorbing the recovery to oil in the river course, and the interception in-process, stock solution box 4 in the device is broken, make a plurality of fins 12 transfer the chemical oil agent of flow in the stock solution box 4 and spray, make near oil in interception area weaken the back by chemical oil agent earlier, adsorb by fibre adsorption net 9 and adsorption block 11 again, oil density after being changed the oil agent reaction reduces, improve fibre adsorption net 9 and adsorption block 11's adsorption rate, when effectively preventing oil impact interception area, fibre adsorption net 9 and adsorption block 11 adsorb untimely, excessive oil is overflowed the interception area.
An interception adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a river channel comprises the following use methods:
s1, when in use, technicians control water gates at two ends of the river channel to slow down the flow velocity of the river channel water flow, then insert a plurality of shells 1 into the river channel, insert the shells into the bottom end of the river channel through a fixing cone 2 for fixing, and enable the shells 1 and the fiber adsorption net 9 to form an oil containment boom surrounding an oil leakage area;
s2, when the shell 1 is put into water, the expansion bag 5 absorbs water and expands to jack the puncture cone 6, so that the puncture cone 6 breaks the film at the bottom end of the liquid storage box 4, the chemical oil agent stored in the liquid storage box 4 enters the liquid guide tube 10, the chemical oil agent is uniformly sprayed out through the fins 12, and the sprayed chemical oil agent is distributed in a belt shape along the fiber adsorption net 9;
s3, after the petroleum is intercepted by the fiber adsorption net 9, the fiber adsorption net 9 and the adsorption block 11 adsorb the petroleum, but the adsorption efficiency of the fiber adsorption net 9 and the adsorption block 11 is limited, when a large amount of petroleum impacts the fiber adsorption net 9, the petroleum is easy to accumulate at one end of the fiber adsorption net 9 to accumulate and form a thicker oil layer, and the petroleum is contacted with the chemical oil agent near the fiber adsorption net 9 in the accumulation process, so that part of the petroleum is emulsified to weaken the thickness of the oil layer and prevent the accumulated higher oil layer from overflowing the fiber adsorption net 9;
s4, when a large amount of petroleum impacts the fiber adsorption net 9, a small amount of petroleum still passes through the fiber adsorption net 9, the chemical oil agent sprayed from the other end of the fiber adsorption net 9 can react with the petroleum which is not intercepted by the fiber adsorption net 9, and a thin oil layer generated by oil spilling is emulsified in the flowing process of the water body, so that the leaked small amount of petroleum is dissolved in the water.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an interception adsorption band for river course reveals oil recovery, includes a plurality of casings (1), its characterized in that: the upper end and the lower end of the shell (1) are respectively connected with a floating ball (3) and a fixed cone (2), the floating ball (3) comprises a fixed hemisphere (301), a sealed hemisphere (302) is clamped on the fixed hemisphere (301), a liquid storage box (4) is placed in the fixed hemisphere (301), an air bag is fixedly connected in the sealed hemisphere (302), an expansion bag (5) is placed in the shell (1), a water inlet is drilled in the shell (1), a water permeable cloth layer (8) is fixedly connected in the water inlet, a partition plate (7) is fixedly connected on the inner wall of the shell (1), a puncture cone (6) is slidably connected on the partition plate (7), one end of the puncture cone (6) close to the expansion bag (5) is fixedly connected with a sealing plug (601), a pair of mounting grooves is drilled on the outer wall of the shell (1), and a fiber absorption net (9) is fixedly connected between two adjacent shells (1), the fiber adsorption net is characterized in that a liquid guide pipe (10) is fixedly connected to the fiber adsorption net (9), two ends of the liquid guide pipe (10) are fixedly connected with inner cavities of the two shells (1) respectively, a liquid inlet of the liquid guide pipe (10) is located between the partition plate (7) and the liquid storage box (4), a plurality of pairs of uniformly distributed fins (12) are fixedly connected to the liquid guide pipe (10), a plurality of uniformly distributed adsorption blocks (11) are fixedly connected to the fiber adsorption net (9), and a liquid guide channel communicated with the liquid guide pipe (10) is formed in each fin (12).
2. The interception and adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a riverway according to claim 1, which comprises: the liquid storage box (4) is internally stored with a chemical oil agent, and the dosage of the chemical oil agent is generally 5-50% of the oil spilling amount.
3. The intercepting and adsorbing belt for recovering leaked oil in river channel according to claim 1, wherein the wing (12) comprises a base plate, a pair of floating plates is fixedly connected to the base plate, a waterproof plate is fixedly connected to the outlet of the liquid guide channel of the wing (12), and the inclination angle of the waterproof plate is 30 degrees.
4. The interception and adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a riverway according to claim 1, which comprises: the adsorption block (11) comprises an oil absorption sponge, wherein a high oil absorption resin block is stored in the oil absorption sponge, crude oil with impurities is absorbed through the oil absorption sponge, and thin oil is absorbed through the high oil absorption resin.
5. The interception and adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a riverway according to claim 1, which comprises: the catheter (10) is a flexible silica gel hose, and a rubber sealing ring is fixedly connected at the joint of the catheter (10) and the fin (12).
6. The interception and adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a riverway according to claim 1, which comprises: the liquid storage box (4) comprises a semicircular box body made of PVC materials, and a PE film is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the semicircular box body.
7. The interception and adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a riverway according to claim 1, which comprises: the upper end and the lower end of the isolation plate (7) are fixedly connected with isolation rings matched with the puncture cones (6).
8. The interception and adsorption zone for recovering leaked oil in a riverway according to claim 1, which comprises: the using method comprises the following steps:
s1, when in use, technicians control water gates at two ends of a river channel to slow down the flow velocity of water flow in the river channel, the technicians insert a plurality of shells (1) into the river channel, and fix the device with the bottom end of the river channel through a fixing cone (2), so that the shells (1) and a fiber adsorption net (9) form an oil containment fence surrounding an oil leakage area;
s2, after the shell (1) is put into water, the expansion bag (5) absorbs water and expands to jack the puncture cone (6), so that the puncture cone (6) breaks through a film at the bottom end of the liquid storage box (4), the oiling agent stored in the liquid storage box (4) enters the liquid guide pipe (10), the oiling agent is uniformly sprayed out through the fins (12), and the sprayed oiling agent is distributed in a belt shape along the fiber adsorption net (9);
s3, when petroleum is intercepted by the fiber adsorption net (9), the adsorption efficiency of the fiber adsorption net (9) and the adsorption block (11) is limited, a large amount of petroleum is accumulated at one end of the fiber adsorption net (9) to form a thick oil layer, and the petroleum is contacted with a chemical oil agent in the accumulation process, so that part of petroleum is emulsified to weaken the thickness of the oil layer and prevent the accumulated high oil layer from overflowing the fiber adsorption net (9);
s4, when a large amount of petroleum impacts the fiber adsorption net (9), a small amount of petroleum still passes through the fiber adsorption net (9), the chemical oil agent sprayed from the other end of the fiber adsorption net (9) can react with the petroleum not intercepted by the fiber adsorption net (9), and a thin oil layer generated by oil overflow is emulsified in the water flowing process, so that the leaked small amount of petroleum is digested in water.
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