CN111851399A - Sand river bed water and soil loss prevention and control and water quality purification system - Google Patents
Sand river bed water and soil loss prevention and control and water quality purification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111851399A CN111851399A CN202010798313.1A CN202010798313A CN111851399A CN 111851399 A CN111851399 A CN 111851399A CN 202010798313 A CN202010798313 A CN 202010798313A CN 111851399 A CN111851399 A CN 111851399A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical group O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011798 excavation material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sandy riverbed water and soil loss prevention and water quality purification system, which comprises a riverbed, a riverway obliquely arranged on the inner side of the riverbed and a riverbed arranged at the bottom of the riverway; the middle part of riverbed is provided with the stone masonry retaining dam, and the middle part inboard of riverbed is provided with stone masonry retaining dam soil erosion prevention structure, and the riverbed inboard that is located stone masonry retaining dam low reaches both ends has set gradually the symmetry and has had first soil erosion prevention structure, gabion soil erosion prevention structure and second soil erosion prevention structure. The invention effectively avoids the phenomenon that the sandy river bed is directly exposed outside, the water flow in the river channel can not directly wash the lower layer sandy soil, the sand carrying ratio of the water flow is reduced, and the sandy river bed can not generate water and soil loss after being washed by rainwater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of river ecological environment improvement, in particular to a sandy riverbed water and soil loss prevention and water quality purification system.
Background
At present, vegetation coverage in river courses in mountain areas is low, sandy river beds are poor in water retention performance and affected by flowing water, water and soil loss in the river courses is serious, and downstream river courses (reservoirs) are silted up, so that the flood control potential safety hazards and the ecological protection defects are large. In recent years, retaining dams (rolling dams) are built in mountainous river channels, silt can only be deposited locally when the retaining dams are built, partial soil loss is reduced, the problem of water seepage cannot be solved, the vegetation coverage rate at the upstream of a dam site cannot be effectively improved, and the built retaining dams cannot achieve the purpose of purifying water flow in the river channels. Because the sandy riverbed is directly exposed outside, the sandy riverbed can generate the phenomenon of water and soil loss after being washed by rainwater, and the water flow in the riverway can wash the sandy soil on the lower layer. Therefore, how to realize the prevention and control of water and soil loss of sandy riverbeds and the purification of water quality becomes a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sandy river bed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system, which aims to solve the problems that the sandy river bed can generate water and soil loss after being washed by rainwater, water flow can seep in a river channel and water flow in the river channel cannot be purified, so that the phenomenon of water and soil loss of the sandy river bed is effectively prevented, the washing of the water flow to lower-layer sandy soil is reduced, the sand carrying ratio of the water flow is reduced, and the sedimentation of a downstream river channel is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
A sandy riverbed water and soil loss prevention and water quality purification system comprises a riverbed, a riverway obliquely arranged on the inner side of the riverbed and a riverbed arranged at the bottom of the riverway; the middle part of riverbed is provided with the stone masonry retaining dam, and the middle part inboard of riverbed is provided with stone masonry retaining dam soil erosion prevention structure, and the riverbed inboard that is located stone masonry retaining dam low reaches both ends has set gradually the symmetry and has had first soil erosion prevention structure, gabion soil erosion prevention structure and second soil erosion prevention structure.
Further optimize technical scheme, the stone masonry dam is including seting up on the river bottom and partial river course and being the stone masonry foundation ditch of rectangular groove form and setting up the stone masonry dam body in the stone masonry foundation ditch, and the top protrusion riverbed of stone masonry dam body is provided with a plurality of calandrias that are used for the intercommunication to be located the riverbed at stone masonry dam upper and lower reaches both ends on the stone masonry dam body, is provided with manual gate valve on the calandria.
According to the technical scheme, the water and soil loss prevention structure of the stone masonry retaining dam comprises a first river bottom anti-seepage composite layer paved in a stone masonry foundation pit and a first river channel anti-seepage composite layer paved on two side walls of a river channel; the first river bottom anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, 100mm thick sandy soil and a masonry dam foundation which are sequentially paved on the inner side wall of the masonry foundation pit from inside to outside; the first river channel anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, 100mm thick sandy soil, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
According to the technical scheme, a first excavation material backfill layer is arranged below the riverway on two sides of the masonry foundation pit, and the backfill thickness of the first excavation material backfill layer is 500-800 mm.
According to the technical scheme, the masonry dam body comprises a plurality of blocks of stones which are sequentially piled in a masonry foundation pit; the saturated compressive strength of the block stone is more than 60MPa, the softening coefficient is more than 0.80, and the volume weight is more than 24kN/m3。
According to the technical scheme, the first waterproof soil loss structure comprises a second river bottom anti-seepage composite layer paved on the river bottom and a second river channel anti-seepage composite layer paved on two side walls of the river channel; the second river bottom anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside; the second river channel anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
According to the technical scheme, the gabion waterproof soil loss structure comprises a gabion foundation pit arranged on one side wall of a river channel, a gabion anti-seepage layer paved in the gabion foundation pit, a third river bottom anti-seepage composite layer paved on the river bottom and a cobble anti-seepage layer paved on the other side wall of the river channel;
the gabion impermeable layer comprises a composite geomembrane, a gabion and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the inner side wall of the gabion foundation pit from inside to outside;
the third river bottom anti-seepage composite layer comprises a composite geomembrane and reinforced concrete which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside;
the cobble impervious barrier comprises a composite geomembrane and cobbles which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
According to the technical scheme, a second excavation material backfill layer is arranged on the riverbed beside the gabion foundation pit, and the backfill thickness of the second excavation material backfill layer is 500-800 mm.
According to the technical scheme, the second waterproof soil loss structure comprises a fourth river bottom anti-seepage composite layer paved on the river bottom and a fourth river channel anti-seepage composite layer paved on two side walls of the river channel;
the fourth river bottom anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 500mm and scattered paving pebbles which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside;
the fourth river seepage-proofing composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river from inside to outside.
The technical scheme is further optimized, the bentonite waterproof blanket is a sodium bentonite waterproof blanket, and the bentonite waterproof blanket comprises a base layer and a protective layer; the corner of the bentonite waterproof blanket connected with the building is set to be a slope or an arc surface, bentonite powder is scattered at the lap joint of the upper and lower layers of bentonite waterproof blankets, and bentonite clay is arranged between the two layers of bentonite waterproof blankets lapped on the slope.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the invention is as follows.
The soil erosion preventing structure, the first soil erosion preventing structure, the gabion soil erosion preventing structure and the second soil erosion preventing structure form an effective soil erosion preventing and water environment improving system project, so that the phenomenon that a muddy riverbed is directly exposed outside, lower sandy soil cannot be directly washed by water flow in a riverway, the sand carrying ratio of the water flow is reduced, and the soil erosion cannot occur after the sandy riverbed is washed by rainwater is effectively avoided.
The invention combines the low retaining dam of the river course with the bentonite waterproof blanket laying at the upstream of the dam site, the sandy soil backfilling, the gravel pressing cover and the aquatic plant greening to form effective soil erosion prevention and control and water environment improvement system engineering. The invention can prevent the exposed sandy riverbed from being washed by rainwater, and meanwhile, the bentonite waterproof blanket at the lower layer is paved, the sandy soil is backfilled and the gravel gland can effectively utilize rich gravel resources in mountainous areas, thereby avoiding purchasing loam outside and reducing the construction cost. Meanwhile, the laying of the bentonite waterproof blanket can effectively reduce water seepage and create conditions for the growth of aquatic plants, a protective layer can be formed on sand by backfilling the sand and pressing the gravels on the upper part of the bentonite waterproof blanket, so that the scouring of the water flow on the lower layer of sand is reduced, the sand carrying ratio of the water flow is reduced, and the sedimentation of a downstream river channel (reservoir) is reduced.
The method can effectively maintain the longitudinal slope of the river channel in the current situation, avoid water and soil loss caused by cutting the river bed, effectively control the sedimentation problem of the downstream river channel and ensure the smoothness of the river channel; meanwhile, the water quality is improved through the growth of aquatic plants, and a good water ecological environment is created.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a waterway according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a masonry dam of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the gabion soil erosion resistant structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a second soil loss prevention structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket of the present invention when the foundation layer at the corner where the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is connected with the building is a slope;
fig. 6 is a schematic connection diagram of the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket of the invention when the base layer at the corner where the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is connected with the building is a circular arc surface.
Wherein: 1. riverbed, 2, riverway, 3, riverbottom, 4, grouted stone retaining dam, 41, grouted stone foundation pit, 42, calandria, 43, grouted stone dam body, 44, first riverbottom seepage-proof composite layer, 45, first excavation material backfill layer, 46, manual gate valve, 47, first riverway seepage-proof composite layer, 5, first waterproof soil loss structure, 6, gabion waterproof soil loss structure, 61, third riverbottom seepage-proof composite layer, 62, gabion seepage-proof layer, 63, cobble seepage-proof layer, 64, gabion foundation pit, 65, second excavation material backfill layer, 7, second waterproof soil loss structure, 71, fourth riverbottom seepage-proof composite layer, 72, fourth riverway seepage-proof composite layer, 8, shore top line, 9, normal water level, 10, riverbottom line, 11, sodium base bentonite waterproof blanket, 12 and slope filling soil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
A sandy river bed water and soil loss prevention and water quality purification system is shown by combining figures 1 to 6 and comprises a river bed 1, a river channel 2 obliquely arranged on the inner side of the river bed 1 and a river bottom 3 arranged at the bottom of the river channel 2. The river bottom line 10 is the bottom line of a normal river bottom, the normal water level 9 is the normal water level line in the river bed, and the bank top line 8 is the top horizontal line of the river bed.
The middle part of the riverbed 1 is provided with a masonry water retaining dam 4, the inner side of the middle part of the riverbed 1 is provided with a masonry water loss prevention structure, and the inner sides of the riverbed 1 at the upstream and downstream ends of the masonry water retaining dam 4 are sequentially and symmetrically provided with a first water loss prevention structure 5, a gabion water loss prevention structure 6 and a second water loss prevention structure 7.
The masonry dam 4 comprises a masonry pit 41 and a masonry dam body 43, as shown in connection with fig. 2.
The stone foundation pit 41 is arranged on the river bottom 3 and part of the river channel 2 and is in a rectangular groove shape.
The masonry dam body 43 is arranged in the masonry foundation pit 41, and the masonry dam body 43 is formed by sequentially stacking a plurality of stones on the basis of not blocking normal flood of a river channel. The block stone is made of fresh rock which is hard in texture and has no crack, cannot have an easily-peeled layer, and has better freezing resistance and corrosion resistance. The saturated compressive strength of the block stone is more than 60MPa, the softening coefficient is more than 0.80, and the volume weight is more than 24kN/m3(ii) a The rough stone is required to have clear edges and corners and basically flat six faces, the maximum height difference of the same face is less than 1cm, the length of the rough stone is preferably more than 50cm, the thickness of the rough stone is preferably more than 25cm, and the length-thickness ratio is not preferably more than 3. Block stoneThe upper surface and the lower surface are required to be parallel and approximately flat without sharp corners and thin edges, and the thickness of the material is not less than 200 mm; the shape of the stone block is required to be approximately square, the width of the stone block is 1-1.5 times of the thickness of the stone block, and the length of the stone block is 1.5-3 times of the thickness of the stone block.
The stone masonry dam body 43 adopts a stone masonry structure, and compared with a gabion structure, the stone masonry dam can effectively block constant flow water in a river channel and provide conditions for growth of upstream aquatic plants.
The top of the masonry stone dam body 43 protrudes out of the riverbed 1, the ground exposure height is 0.5m lower than that of the current riverbed, the influence of the water retaining dam on river flood discharge can be greatly reduced, and the water retaining dam is safe and beneficial.
The row pipes 42 are arranged on the masonry dam body 43, the row pipes 42 are used for being communicated with riverbeds 1 at the upstream end and the downstream end of the masonry dam 4, and water flow can be conveyed to the water flow in the riverways at the upstream end and the downstream end of the masonry dam body 43 through the row pipes 42. The discharge pipe 42 is provided with a manual gate valve 46, and the manual gate valve 46 is used for controlling the on-off of the discharge pipe 42.
The retaining dam waterproof soil loss structure of masonry stone comprises a first river bottom anti-seepage composite layer 44 and a first river channel anti-seepage composite layer 47.
The first river bottom anti-seepage composite layer 44 is laid in the grouted stone foundation pit 41 and used for enabling the river bottom to play an anti-seepage role. The first river bottom anti-seepage composite layer 44 comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, 100mm thick sandy soil and a masonry stone dam foundation which are sequentially paved on the inner side wall of the masonry stone foundation pit 41 from inside to outside.
A deformation joint is arranged in the middle of the masonry foundation, the width of the joint is 2cm, a polyethylene closed-cell foam board is filled in the joint, and a gap between the foam board and the masonry is filled with mortar.
The first river seepage-proofing composite layer 47 is laid on two side walls of the river to play a role in preventing seepage of the river. The first river anti-seepage composite layer 47 comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, 100mm thick sandy soil, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially laid on the side wall of the river from inside to outside.
A first excavation material backfill layer 45 is arranged below the river channel 2 on two sides of the grouted stone foundation pit 41, sandy soil is backfilled by selecting soil with uniform gradation, and the backfill thickness of the first excavation material backfill layer 45 is 500-800 mm.
The first waterproof soil loss structure 5 comprises a second river bottom anti-seepage composite layer and a second river channel anti-seepage composite layer.
The second river bottom anti-seepage composite layer is laid on the river bottom and used for enabling the river bottom to play an anti-seepage role. The second river bottom anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside.
And the second river channel anti-seepage composite layer is laid on two side walls of the river channel and used for enabling the river channel to play an anti-seepage role. The second river seepage-proofing composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river from inside to outside.
The gabion waterproof soil loss structure 6 comprises a gabion foundation pit 64, a gabion impermeable layer 62, a third river bottom impermeable composite layer 61 and a cobble impermeable layer 63, and is shown in a combined view in fig. 3.
The gabion foundation pit 64 is formed in one side wall of the river channel and is rectangular groove-shaped.
The gabion barrier 62 is laid within the gabion pit 64. The gabion impermeable layer 62 comprises a composite geomembrane, a gabion and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the inner side wall of the gabion foundation pit 64 from inside to outside.
The parameters of the gabion were 1000mm 2000mm/1000mm 1500mm 2000 mm. The parameter of the composite geomembrane is 200g/0.5mm/200 g.
The third river bottom anti-seepage composite layer 61 is laid on the river bottom and used for enabling the river bottom to play an anti-seepage role. The third river bottom anti-seepage composite layer 61 comprises a composite geomembrane and reinforced concrete which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside.
The reinforced concrete bottom protection reinforcement phi 12@250 net-shaped reinforcement is characterized in that the thickness of the reinforced concrete bottom protection reinforcement is 50mm, expansion joints are arranged every 10m along the water flow direction, the middle of the bottom protection is provided with an expansion joint 20mm, and polyethylene closed-cell foam plates are filled in the expansion joints. The parameter of the composite geomembrane is 200g/0.5mm/200 g.
A cobble impervious layer 63 is laid on the other side wall of the river channel. The pebble impermeable layer 63 comprises a composite geomembrane and pebbles which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
The parameter of the composite geomembrane is 200g/0.5mm/200 g.
And a second excavation material backfill layer 65 is arranged on the riverbed beside the gabion foundation pit 64, sandy soil is backfilled by selecting soil with uniform gradation, and the backfill thickness of the second excavation material backfill layer 65 is 500-800 mm.
The second waterproof soil erosion-resistant structure 7 includes a fourth river bottom anti-seepage composite layer 71 laid on the river bottom and a fourth river channel anti-seepage composite layer 72 laid on both side walls of the river channel, as shown in fig. 4.
The fourth river bottom anti-seepage composite layer 71 comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 500mm and scattered pebbles which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside.
The fourth river seepage-proofing composite layer 72 comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river from inside to outside.
The median particle diameter of the pebbles of the ecological grid protection pad is preferably between 12cm and 16cm, and 15 percent of the filler which is not on the outer surface can exceed the range; the gabion protection pad and the gabion are additionally provided with gabion mesh sheets every 1 m; the particle size of the scattered pebbles paved at the bottom of the river is more than 10 cm.
The bentonite waterproof blanket is a sodium bentonite waterproof blanket, and the specification of the bentonite waterproof blanket is 5kg/m2The mass of the non-woven geotextile is not less than 220g/m2The mass of the plastic flat filament woven geotextile is not less than 120g/m2. The bentonite waterproof blanket comprises a base layer and a protective layer.
1) Base layer design
The relative density of the foundation layer for placing the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is not less than 0.6.
Secondly, when the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is connected with a building and a corner is needed, the foundation layer surface is set to be a slope or an arc surface, the width of the slope or the radius of the arc is not less than 300mm, specifically, the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is shown in fig. 5 and 6, 11 in the fig. 5 and 6, and 12 is used for slope repairing and filling.
The place where the sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is connected with the vertical surfaces of the stone masonry dam and the revetment is laid according to the second strip designed on the foundation layer.
2) Lap joint and anchoring design
The sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is not suitable to be arranged at a corner in an overlapping way, and the distance between the overlapping seam and the corner is not less than 500 mm. The adjacent breadth waterproof blankets are laid, and the staggered joint distance is not less than 600 mm.
② the lapping width should not be less than 500mm, 0.6kg/m should be evenly sprinkled on the middle of the upper and lower layers of waterproof blankets at the lapping position2～2.0kg/m2And (3) bentonite powder. The bentonite clay is preferably adopted between the two sodium bentonite waterproof blankets on the lap joint part of the slope.
3) Protective layer design
The sodium bentonite waterproof blanket is provided with a protective layer, and the compactness of the protective layer is not less than 80%. And for the parts with planting requirements, a planting soil layer meeting the planting thickness is arranged on the protective layer.
The sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, the sandy soil with the thickness of 500mm, the scattered pebbles or the gabion are collectively called as the gravels, and the covered gravels are combined with the soil fixation of the root system of the aquatic plant, so that the siltation can be effectively reduced.
The aquatic plant layer comprises aquatic plants, the aquatic plants mainly comprise reed cattail which is a dominant species for purifying water quality and accounts for 50%, flowering varieties such as aquatic iris, loosestrife, canna and the like are matched, submerged plants such as goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata and the like are planted in a deep water area, the water quality purification is accelerated, floating plants such as brasenia schreberi, gorgon fruit and the like are planted, food and hidden areas are provided for fishes, insects and microorganisms, a natural and colorful wetland ecosphere is built, and the functions of viewing, popular science, ecology and the like are considered. Plants are used to control degradation or removal of contaminants to mitigate soil, water and air pollution.
The invention combines the low retaining dam of the river course with the bentonite waterproof blanket laying at the upstream of the dam site, the sandy soil backfilling, the gravel pressing cover and the aquatic plant greening to form effective soil erosion prevention and control and water environment improvement system engineering. The invention can prevent the exposed sandy riverbed from being washed by rainwater, and meanwhile, the bentonite waterproof blanket at the lower layer is paved, the sandy soil is backfilled and the gravel gland can effectively utilize rich gravel resources in mountainous areas, thereby avoiding purchasing loam outside and reducing the construction cost. Meanwhile, the laying of the bentonite waterproof blanket can effectively reduce water seepage and create conditions for the growth of aquatic plants, a protective layer can be formed on sand by backfilling the sand and pressing the gravels on the upper part of the bentonite waterproof blanket, so that the scouring of the water flow on the lower layer of sand is reduced, the sand carrying ratio of the water flow is reduced, and the sedimentation of a downstream river channel (reservoir) is reduced.
The method can effectively maintain the longitudinal slope of the river channel in the current situation, avoid water and soil loss caused by cutting the river bed, effectively control the sedimentation problem of the downstream river channel and ensure the smoothness of the river channel; meanwhile, the water quality is improved through the growth of aquatic plants, and a good water ecological environment is created.
Claims (10)
1. A sandy riverbed water and soil loss prevention and water quality purification system comprises a riverbed (1), a riverway (2) obliquely arranged on the inner side of the riverbed (1) and a river bottom (3) arranged at the bottom of the riverway (2); the method is characterized in that: the middle part of riverbed (1) is provided with stone masonry water retaining dam (4), and the middle part inboard of riverbed (1) is provided with stone masonry water retaining dam soil erosion prevention structure, and riverbed (1) inboard that is located stone masonry water retaining dam (4) upper and lower stream both ends is in proper order the symmetry and is provided with first soil erosion prevention structure (5), gabion soil erosion prevention structure (6) and second soil erosion prevention structure (7).
2. The sandy riverbed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stone masonry dam (4) is including seting up on river bottom (3) and part river course (2) and being the stone masonry foundation ditch (41) of rectangle recess form and setting up stone masonry dam body (43) in stone masonry foundation ditch (41), the top protrusion riverbed (1) of stone masonry dam body (43), be provided with on the stone masonry dam body (43) a plurality of calandria (42) that are used for the intercommunication to be located riverbed (1) at stone masonry dam (4) up-and-down stream both ends, be provided with manual gate valve (46) on calandria (42).
3. The sandy river bed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the soil erosion and water loss prevention structure of the masonry stone dam comprises a first river bottom anti-seepage composite layer (44) laid in a masonry stone foundation pit (41) and a first river channel anti-seepage composite layer (47) laid on two side walls of a river channel; the first river bottom anti-seepage composite layer (44) comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm and a masonry dam foundation which are sequentially paved on the inner side wall of the masonry foundation pit (41) from inside to outside; the first river channel anti-seepage composite layer (47) comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
4. The sandy river bed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: a first excavation material backfill layer (45) is arranged below the river channel (2) on two sides of the masonry foundation pit (41), and the backfill thickness of the first excavation material backfill layer (45) is 500-800 mm.
5. The sandy river bed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the masonry dam body (43) comprises a plurality of blocks of stones which are sequentially piled in the masonry foundation pit (41); the saturated compressive strength of the block stone is more than 60MPa, the softening coefficient is more than 0.80, and the volume weight is more than 24kN/m3。
6. The sandy riverbed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first waterproof soil loss structure (5) comprises a second river bottom anti-seepage composite layer paved on the river bottom and a second river channel anti-seepage composite layer paved on two side walls of the river channel; the second river bottom anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside; the second river channel anti-seepage composite layer comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
7. The sandy riverbed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gabion waterproof soil loss structure (6) comprises a gabion foundation pit (64) arranged on one side wall of the river channel, a gabion impermeable layer (62) laid in the gabion foundation pit (64), a third river bottom impermeable composite layer (61) laid on the river bottom and a cobble impermeable layer (63) laid on the other side wall of the river channel;
the gabion impermeable layer (62) comprises a composite geomembrane, a gabion and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the inner side wall of the gabion foundation pit (64) from inside to outside;
the third river bottom anti-seepage composite layer (61) comprises a composite geomembrane and reinforced concrete which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside;
the cobble impervious layer (63) comprises a composite geomembrane and cobbles which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
8. The sandy river bed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 7, characterized in that: and a second excavation material backfill layer (65) is arranged on the riverbed beside the gabion foundation pit (64), and the backfill thickness of the second excavation material backfill layer (65) is 500-800 mm.
9. The sandy riverbed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second waterproof soil loss structure (7) comprises a fourth river bottom anti-seepage composite layer (71) paved on the river bottom and a fourth river channel anti-seepage composite layer (72) paved on two side walls of the river channel;
the fourth river bottom anti-seepage composite layer (71) comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 500mm and scattered paving pebbles which are sequentially paved on the river bottom from inside to outside;
the fourth river channel anti-seepage composite layer (72) comprises a bentonite waterproof blanket, sandy soil with the thickness of 100mm, a gabion protection pad and an aquatic plant layer which are sequentially paved on the side wall of the river channel from inside to outside.
10. The sandy river bed water and soil loss control and water quality purification system according to claim 3, 6 or 9, characterized in that: the bentonite waterproof blanket is a sodium bentonite waterproof blanket, and comprises a base layer and a protective layer; the corner of the bentonite waterproof blanket connected with the building is set to be a slope or an arc surface, bentonite powder is scattered at the lap joint of the upper and lower layers of bentonite waterproof blankets, and bentonite clay is arranged between the two layers of bentonite waterproof blankets lapped on the slope.
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