CN111850822B - 基于鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
基于鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料及其制备方法，包括由PET和PP按照质量比为4:3混合后经过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对其进行界面改性，与聚酰亚胺/芳砜纶熔喷超细短纤维复合，然后上下复合薄膜制备而成。首先将PET和PP干燥处理，利用喉管式气流牵伸器通入甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP混合物界面进行改性；再取聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸熔融挤出注入熔喷设备中，得熔体；将熔体经喷丝板喷出，并落在所述双组份超细纤维网表面，形成仿鹅绒状材料。本发明的材料蓬松度和压缩弹性恢复率均较好，热阻能达到0.5K·㎡/W。克罗值达到2.3以上，保温率78％以上，高频吸声系数最高能达到0.9。具有很好的保暖效果和隔音性能，经济价值高，实现阻燃、保暖和隔音功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于非织造材料技术领域，具体为一种基于鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的隔音材料一般都十分笨重，对可加工性、使用范围等都有很大的影响。因此，人们迫切期待着轻质、薄型、加工性好的隔音材料，以满足不同场合的需要。但由于轻质、薄型材料的低阻尼量及低自身重量(质量)，使其很难有良好的隔音效果。因此，如何研制轻质、薄型、柔软的隔音材料，成为研究热点。
随着人类活动范围的扩大和环境的需要，保温保暖材料开始广泛用于野外帐篷、军事作战服、登山装备以及汽车、航空航天等设备领域。人们对保温保暖材料的需求已不仅限于防寒上，而更希望将各类保温保暖材料优点集于一身，实现all-in-one目标。但是，各类材料的研究表明，透气透湿性和保暖性作为保温保暖材料的两项重要指标，存在一定的矛盾性。因此，如果能用一种先进的加工方法，使用化学纤维原料模仿出羽绒结构，就能一并解决上述跑毛、体积臃肿、吸潮、易板结、容易霉变、易生螨虫、保暖效果差等缺点，得到轻质保温的微细化纤维材料。
发明内容
针对现有的技术方案存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料及其制备方法，解决现有技术中透气透湿性和保暖性存在一定的矛盾性的问题，实现用化学纤维原料模仿出羽绒结构，达到保暖和隔音的双重效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，包括：由PET和PP按照质量比为4:3混合后经过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对其进行界面改性，与聚酰亚胺/芳砜纶熔喷超细短纤维复合，然后上下复合薄膜制备而成。
进一步的,所述熔喷保暖隔音材料的面密度是50-60g/m2，厚度是5-8mm，高频吸声系数大于0.56。
进一步的,聚酰亚胺/芳砜纶熔喷超细短纤维制备方法为：取聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混5-8min，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；将熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维。
进一步的,所述PET和PP纤维细度为15-20μm，长度25-50mm。
进一步的,所述芳砜纶为三角形截面，且中空部分为三角形或圆形，中空率大于70％。
一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料的制备方法，制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)双组份超细纤维的制备：首先将PET和PP按照质量比为4:3干燥处理，利用喉管式气流牵伸器通入甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP混合物界面进行改性；然后采用鹅绒纺丝组件进行纺丝，通过梳棉机梳理后铺网形成双组份超细纤维网；
(2)取聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混5-8min，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；
(3)将步骤(2)的熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维，并落在步骤(1)所述双组份超细纤维网表面，形成仿鹅绒状材料。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)所述超细纤维网克重为80g/m2；
步骤(1)中PET和PP纤维细度为15-20μm；
步骤(1)中PET和甲基丙烯酸甲酯重量比90:1；
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸的重量比为1:0.8:1；PET和聚酰亚胺重量比40:1；步骤(2)所述熔融共混过程为在210℃下熔融共混5-8min，控制螺杆转速为35-40r/min；
步骤(2)所述挤出温度为160-190℃，所述滤网温度为190-200℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)进入螺杆挤出机进行熔喷纺丝，分别经过逐步加温的挤出机一区、挤出机二区、挤出机三区、挤出机四区、挤出机五区和挤出机六区中熔融；所述挤出机一区的温度为160-170℃；所述挤出机二区的温度为165-175℃；所述挤出机三区的温度为160-175℃；所述挤出机四区的温度为175-180℃；所述挤出机五区的温度为180-185℃；所述挤出机六区的温度为180-190℃；挤出机出口温度为190-210°。
进一步的,步骤(3)所述喷丝板温度为200-210℃，所述热气流为温度220-230℃，压力0.12-0.14MPa的热气流；
步骤(3)所述超细纤维直径为2-5μm；
步骤(3)所述输网帘转速为6.0-6.4m/min，接收距离为25-35cm。
本发明由于甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP有增容作用以及加快PP结晶使其结晶收缩形成界面间隙的机会减少，界面粘结紧密，在甲基丙烯酸甲酯断面上很难找到条纶纤维及其脱落留下的坑洞，表明甲基丙烯酸甲酯容易***到PET中，再原味形成聚合物，起到了很好的分散和增容作用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP纤维进行表面改性，PP的拉伸强度下降，但改善了弯曲强度和模量，使冲击强度大幅提升。然后通过改进熔喷设备，将聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸喷洒在PET和PP形成的双组份超细纤维网上，通过双面纤维复合，上下复合薄膜形成仿鹅绒状材料，具有很好的保暖效果和隔音性能，经济价值高，实现阻燃、保暖、隔音多重功能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
本发明的实施例提供一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，包括：由PET和PP按照质量比为4:3混合后经过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对其进行界面改性，与聚酰亚胺/芳砜纶熔喷超细短纤维复合，然后上下复合薄膜制备而成。
具体的,熔喷保暖隔音材料的面密度是50-60g/m2，厚度是5-8mm，高频吸声系数大于0.56。
具体的,聚酰亚胺/芳砜纶熔喷超细短纤维制备方法为：取聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混5-8min，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；将熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维。
具体的,PET和PP纤维细度为15-20μm，长度25-50mm。
具体的,芳砜纶为三角形截面，且中空部分为三角形或圆形，中空率大于70％
下面以具体的实施例对本发明中鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料的制备方法进行详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)首先分别取PET和PP为40㎏和30㎏干燥处理，利用喉管式气流牵伸器通入甲基丙烯酸甲酯450g对PET和PP混合物表面进行混合处理；然后采用鹅绒纺丝组件进行纺丝，通过梳棉机梳理后铺网形成双组份超细纤维网，超细纤维网克重为80g/m2。
(2)取聚酰亚胺1㎏、芳砜纶0.8㎏、聚乳酸1㎏加入螺杆挤出机进行熔喷纺丝，分别经过逐步加温的挤出机一区、挤出机二区、挤出机三区、挤出机四区、挤出机五区和挤出机六区中熔融；所述挤出机一区的温度为160℃；所述挤出机二区的温度为165℃；所述挤出机三区的温度为160℃；所述挤出机四区的温度为175℃；所述挤出机五区的温度为180℃；所述挤出机六区的温度为180℃；挤出机出口温度为190°，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；
(3)将步骤(2)的熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维，并落在步骤(1)所述双组份超细纤维网表面，形成仿鹅绒状材料。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)首先分别取PET和PP为40㎏和30㎏干燥处理，利用喉管式气流牵伸器通入甲基丙烯酸甲酯450g对PET和PP混合物表面进行混合处理；然后采用鹅绒纺丝组件进行纺丝，通过梳棉机梳理后铺网形成双组份超细纤维网，超细纤维网克重为80g/m2。
(2)取聚酰亚胺1㎏、芳砜纶0.8㎏、聚乳酸1㎏加入螺杆挤出机进行熔喷纺丝，分别经过逐步加温的挤出机一区、挤出机二区、挤出机三区、挤出机四区、挤出机五区和挤出机六区中熔融；所述挤出机一区的温度为165℃；所述挤出机二区的温度为170℃；所述挤出机三区的温度为165℃；所述挤出机四区的温度为180℃；所述挤出机五区的温度为185℃；所述挤出机六区的温度为185℃；挤出机出口温度为195°，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；
(3)将步骤(2)的熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维，并落在步骤(1)所述双组份超细纤维网表面，形成仿鹅绒状材料。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)首先分别取PET和PP为40㎏和30㎏干燥处理，利用喉管式气流牵伸器通入甲基丙烯酸甲酯450g对PET和PP混合物表面进行混合处理；然后采用鹅绒纺丝组件进行纺丝，通过梳棉机梳理后铺网形成双组份超细纤维网，超细纤维网克重为80g/m2。
(2)取聚酰亚胺1㎏、芳砜纶0.8㎏、聚乳酸1㎏加入螺杆挤出机进行熔喷纺丝，分别经过逐步加温的挤出机一区、挤出机二区、挤出机三区、挤出机四区、挤出机五区和挤出机六区中熔融；所述挤出机一区的温度为170℃；所述挤出机二区的温度为175℃；所述挤出机三区的温度为175℃；所述挤出机四区的温度为180℃；所述挤出机五区的温度为185℃；所述挤出机六区的温度为190℃；挤出机出口温度为210℃，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；
(3)将步骤(2)的熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维，并落在步骤(1)所述双组份超细纤维网表面，形成仿鹅绒状材料。
对比例1
一种熔喷保暖隔音材料，其制备方法和上述实施例基本相同，唯一区别在于，取消利用喉管式气流牵伸器通入甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP混合物表面进行混合处理的环节，得到样品。
对比例2
一种熔喷保暖隔音材料，其制备方法和上述实施例基本相同，区别在于，取消聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸加入螺杆挤出机进行熔喷纺丝，将PET和PP形成双组份超细纤维网，不在其网面喷洒仿鹅绒的聚酰亚胺和芳砜纶材料。
分别对实施例1-3和对比例生产工艺制得的成品纤维进行技术检测，主要检测仪器为：SGHP-10.5热阻和湿阻测试装置，测试温度20.0℃，环境湿度(R.H)65％；以及吸声系数测定仪。
测试数据如下表1：
通过上述测试数据我们发现，通过本发明制备的鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其蓬松度和压缩弹性恢复率均较好，热阻能达到0.5K·㎡/W。克罗值达到2.3以上，保温率78％以上。通过改进熔喷设备，将聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸喷洒在PET和PP形成的双组份超细纤维网上，通过双面纤维复合，上下复合薄膜形成仿鹅绒状材料，具有很好的保暖效果和隔音性能，经济价值高，实现阻燃、保暖功能。
在不通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP纤维进行表面改性时，蓬松度和压缩弹性恢复率有所下降，说明通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP纤维进行表面改性，改善了弯曲强度和模量，使冲击强度大幅提升。
在对比例2中，对纤维结构不进行聚酰亚胺和芳砜纶喷洒，单一的纤维网面其保暖效果降低。进一步的说明了本发明制备仿鹅绒熔喷保暖隔音材料具有很好的保暖效果和隔音性能，经济价值高，实现阻燃、保暖多重功能。
通过高频吸声系数额测量，我们得出制备的鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料其具有很好的隔音性，其高频吸声系数最高能达到0.9。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其特征在于，包括：由PET和PP按照质量比为4:3混合后经过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对其进行界面改性，与聚酰亚胺/芳砜纶熔喷超细短纤维复合，然后上下复合薄膜制备而成；
鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料的制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)双组份超细纤维的制备：首先将PET和PP按照质量比为4:3干燥处理，利用喉管式气流牵伸器通入甲基丙烯酸甲酯对PET和PP混合物界面进行改性；然后采用鹅绒纺丝组件进行纺丝，通过梳棉机梳理后铺网形成双组份超细纤维网；所述PET和PP纤维细度为15-20μm，长度25-50mm；所述超细纤维网克重为80g/m2；PET和甲基丙烯酸甲酯重量比90:1；
(2)取聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混5-8min，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；
所述聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸的重量比为1:0.8:1；PET和聚酰亚胺重量比40:1；所述熔融共混过程为在210℃下熔融共混5-8min，控制螺杆转速为35-40r/min；挤出温度为160-190℃，滤网温度为190-200℃；
(3)将步骤(2)的熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维，并落在步骤(1)所述双组份超细纤维网表面，形成仿鹅绒状材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其特征在于，所述熔喷保暖隔音材料的面密度是50-60g/m2，厚度是5-8mm，高频吸声系数大于0.56。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其特征在于，聚酰亚胺/芳砜纶熔喷超细短纤维制备方法为：取聚酰亚胺、芳砜纶、聚乳酸加入双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混5-8min，再挤出注入熔喷设备中，并用过滤组件对杂质进行拦截及过滤，得熔体；将熔体经喷丝板喷出，并在热气流牵伸下抽长拉细直至断裂，形成杂乱排列的超细纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其特征在于，所述芳砜纶为三角形截面，且中空部分为三角形或圆形，中空率大于70％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其特征在于，步骤(2)进入螺杆挤出机进行熔喷纺丝，分别经过逐步加温的挤出机一区、挤出机二区、挤出机三区、挤出机四区、挤出机五区和挤出机六区中熔融；所述挤出机一区的温度为160-170℃；所述挤出机二区的温度为165-175℃；所述挤出机三区的温度为160-175℃；所述挤出机四区的温度为175-180℃；所述挤出机五区的温度为180-185℃；所述挤出机六区的温度为180-190℃；挤出机出口温度为190-210°。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种鹅绒结构熔喷保暖隔音材料，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述喷丝板温度为200-210℃，所述热气流为温度220-230℃，压力0.12-0.14MPa的热气流；
步骤(3)所述超细纤维直径为2-5μm；
步骤(3)输网帘转速为6.0-6.4m/min，接收距离为25-35cm。
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