CN111844995A - 一种保温隔热复合布料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种保温隔热复合布料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种保温隔热复合布料,所述复合布料包括柔性基材层和面料层;所述柔性基材层为复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵。本发明还公开保温隔热复合布料的制备方法。本发明实施例的保温隔热复合布料,可以有效防止气凝胶材料掉粉,改善材料与人体接触的亲和性;同时生产得到的布料具有发泡海绵的柔软性,舒适感好;二氧化硅气凝胶在柔性基材层的质量占比大大提高了,复合布料的保温隔热效果更佳。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保温隔热面料领域,更具体地,涉及一种保温隔热复合布料及其制备方法。
背景技术
气凝胶材料制备形成布料,与传统的保温隔热布料相比,将拥有更轻的质量、更小的体积达到等效的绝热效果,同时,气凝胶材料还具有超级疏水的特点,制成布料后,还可避免因为湿气对布料保温隔热产生影响。
现有的气凝胶复合材料是由气凝胶与增强纤维材料复合而成,例如专利申请201910782729.1公布了一种轻便型二氧化硅气凝胶复合保温面料及其制备方法,其实由二氧化硅气凝胶与粘胶纤维复合而成。
增强纤维材料通过纤维之间的空隙固定气凝胶材料,两者之间并不存在其他形式的微观作用力,因此气凝胶复合材料在使用过程中,会有大量的气凝胶粉尘飞出;另外,作为增强纤维材料的粘胶纤维使得制成的气凝胶复合材料较硬,作为布料不够柔软,舒适感不佳;增强纤维材料通过纤维之间的空隙固定气凝胶材料,气凝胶与增强纤维的质量比约1:1,气凝胶含量不足。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本申请提供了一种保温隔热复合布料及其制备方法。
本申请提供的一种保温隔热复合布料,所述复合布料包括柔性基材层和面料层;所述柔性基材层为复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵。
作为本发明提供的保温隔热复合布料的一种实施方案,所述发泡海绵为开孔结构,孔径为10~500μm。
作为本发明提供的保温隔热复合布料的一种实施方案,所述发泡海绵厚度为0.3~5.0mm,密度为5~40Kg/m³。
作为本发明提供的保温隔热复合布料的一种实施方案,所述二氧化硅气凝胶为SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶。
作为本发明提供的保温隔热复合布料的一种实施方案,所述二氧化硅气凝胶在柔性基材层的质量占比为70%~90%,所述保温隔热复合布料的常温导热系数0.015-0.018W/(m·K)。
作为本发明提供的保温隔热复合布料的一种实施方案,所述柔性基材层的发泡海绵的两面贴合有网眼布,网眼布位于柔性基材层和面料层之间。
作为本发明提供的保温隔热复合布料的一种实施方案,所述网眼布,厚度为0.05~0.3mm,材质为涤纶或聚酯材料;所述网眼布和柔性基材层之间通过热熔胶贴合;所述热熔胶为聚氨酯热熔胶,厚度为0.01-0.1mm。
本申请提供的一种保温隔热复合布料的制备方法,其制备方法包括:
1)准备:在发泡海绵的至少一面衬垫网眼布;
2)将衬垫好了网眼布的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备气凝胶,得到填充有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵;
3)取出网眼布;
4)在复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵表面贴合上面料层。
作为本发明提供的制备方法的一种实施方案,所述网眼布,厚度为0.05~0.3mm,材质为涤纶或聚酯材料。
本申请还提供了另一种保温隔热复合布料的制备方法,其制备方法包括:
1)准备:在发泡海绵的两面贴合网眼布;
2)将复合好网眼布的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备气凝胶,得到填充有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵;
3)在复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵表面贴合上面料层。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明实施例的保温隔热复合布料,可以有效防止气凝胶材料掉粉,改善材料与人体接触的亲和性;同时生产得到的布料具有发泡海绵的柔软性,舒适感好;二氧化硅气凝胶在柔性基材层的质量占比大大提高了,复合布料的保温隔热效果更佳。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施例一的一种保温隔热复合布料的结构示意图;
图2为本发明具体实施例三的一种保温隔热复合布料的结构示意。
附图标注:
柔性基材层1、面料层2、网眼布3。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例一
如图1所示,本发明提出了一种保温隔热复合布料,包括作为芯层的柔性基材层1,和作为表层的面料层2。
本申请具体实施例的柔性基材层1为复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵。
本申请的一种保温隔热复合布料,其采用开孔结构发泡海绵作为核心基材,与现有技术采用纤维材料作为核心基材相比较,不仅更轻,而且复合布料更加柔软舒适;发泡海绵本身多孔隙且轻质,复合二氧化硅气凝胶后,气凝胶结合在发泡海绵的孔隙中,与现有纤维材料复合材料相比较,气凝胶粉尘的逸出大为减少;二氧化硅气凝胶在柔性基材层1的质量占比大大提高了,复合布料的保温隔热效果更佳。
本申请具体实施例的发泡海绵为开孔结构,二氧化硅气凝胶被保持在开孔结构内。发泡海绵类似于海绵,但比普通海绵密度大、孔径更小,孔径为10~500μm。该范围的孔径可以避免二氧化硅气凝胶从孔内掉出来。
发泡海绵的密度为5~40Kg/m³。发泡海绵的厚度为0.3~5.0mm。
二氧化硅气凝胶由于具有诸如三维纳米颗粒骨架(骨架颗粒2~5nm),高比表面积(约1000㎡/g),纳米级孔洞(约20nm),低密度(0.003 ~ 0.15g/cm³)等特殊的微观结构,在热学、光学、电学、声学等方面都表现出独特的性质。其中,在热学方面,二氧化硅气凝胶的纳米多孔结构能够有效抑制固态热传导和气体传热,具有优异的绝热特性,是目前公认热导率最低的固态材料(常温下为0.01 ~ 0.03W/(m·K))。
更加优选的,本申请的二氧化硅气凝胶为SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶。
本申请的保温隔热复合布料,其二氧化硅气凝胶在柔性基材层1的质量占比为70%~90%。
保温隔热复合布料的常温导热系数0.015-0.018W/(m·K)。
面料层2可以为TPU薄膜。TPU薄膜具有良好的防水透气性,TPU薄膜的厚度为0.01-0.03mm,在温度38℃,相对湿度90%的条件下透湿量为3000-6000g/(㎡·24h);贴合后保温隔热复合布料的透湿量1300~2000g/(㎡·24h)。TPU薄膜不仅可以保证面料的透气型,也解决了外观问题。
可以理解的,面料层2不仅可以采用TPU薄膜,还可以使用普通的布料、皮革、尼龙布、合成布等等,具体可以根据客户的需要进行定制。
TPU薄膜相比较于无纺布或其它厚度较薄的布料,透气性佳且更加密实,使复合布料更加不掉粉,而且更加柔软。TPU薄膜使超级保温隔热布料防水透气,不因水的存在而影响隔热性能。同时该卷料具有水洗的性能,具备普通布料的基本特性。
面料层2可通过胶粘层贴合在柔性基材层1上。
实施例二
本实施例提供了一种保温隔热复合布料的制备方法,制备方法包括:
1)准备:在发泡海绵的至少一面衬垫网眼布3;
2)将衬垫好了网眼布3的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备气凝胶,得到填充有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵;
3)取出网眼布3;
4)在复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵表面贴合上面料层2。
申请人发现,发泡海绵本身较薄,在发泡海绵卷料浸渍溶胶的过程中,其韧性较差,容易变形甚至损坏。为了改善,本申请在发泡海绵的至少一面衬垫网眼布3作为支撑来托住发泡海绵基材。没有两面贴合网眼布,只是在生产过程中衬垫了一层网眼布托住基材。发泡海绵基材在制备成气凝胶的过程中会有一个拉扯力,发泡海绵基材自身的韧性是不够的,衬垫这一层网眼布的目的就是保证在拉扯的过程中,不会使基材断裂,而且网眼的结构也保证了制备气凝胶过程的通透性。
上述制备方法中,发泡海绵为卷料。网眼布和基材卷在一起。
在制备获得填充有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵后,贴合面料层2之前,可以将网眼布3取出。
网眼布3的厚度为0.05~0.3mm,网眼布3的材质可以为涤纶或聚酯材料。
一个更加具体的实施例如下:
将厚度为0.5mm、密度10Kg/m³的发泡海绵卷料表面衬垫一层厚度为0.1mm的涤纶材质网眼布3;
将衬垫好了网眼布3的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备成气凝胶,得到充满二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵卷料,二氧化硅气凝胶的质量占比约占80%;
取下网眼布3;
将制备好海绵气凝胶卷料两面都均匀贴合上0.01mm的TPU薄膜,得到超级保温布料。
制备而得的超级保温隔热布料,厚度0.55mm,常温导热系数0.017W/(m·K),透湿量1500~2000g/(㎡·24h)。
实施例三
本实施例提供了另一种保温隔热复合布料及其制备方法。
本申请具体实施例的保温隔热复合布料,如图2所示,作为柔性基材层1的发泡海绵的两面贴合有网眼布3,网眼布3位于柔性基材层1和面料层2之间。网眼布3层可通过热熔胶贴合在发泡海绵的两面。
网眼布3的厚度为0.05~0.3mm,优选为0.05~0.15mm。材质为涤纶或聚酯材料。
热熔胶厚度为0.01-0.1mm,厚度进一步优选为0.01-0.03mm。热熔胶的材质优选为聚氨酯热熔胶。
保温隔热复合布料的制备方法包括:
1)准备:在发泡海绵的两面贴合网眼布3;
2)将复合好网眼布3的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备气凝胶,得到填充有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵;
3)在复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵表面贴合上面料层2。
与实施例二相比较,本申请的网眼布3是直接贴合在发泡海绵的两面,然后再制备形成气凝胶后,在网眼布3上再贴合面料层2。
作为其中一个更加具体的实施例,制备工艺如下:
将厚度为1.5mm密度20Kg/m³的发泡海绵卷料表面均匀贴合一层厚度为0.15mm的涤纶材质网眼布3,两者间的贴合采用的0.03mm厚度聚氨酯热熔胶;
将复合好网眼布3的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备成气凝胶,得到充满二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵卷料,二氧化硅气凝胶的质量占比约占70%;
将制备好海绵气凝胶卷料两面都均匀贴合上0.02mm的TPU薄膜得到超级保温布料。
以上制备而得的超级保温隔热布料,厚度1.55mm,常温导热系数0.017W/(m·K),透湿量1300~2000g/(㎡·24h)。
与实施例二相比较,通过实施例三所制备得到的保温隔热复合布料,其硬度较大,柔软度不及实施例二所制备得到的保温隔热复合布料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明实施例的保温隔热复合布料,可以有效防止气凝胶材料掉粉,改善材料与人体接触的亲和性;同时生产得到的布料具有发泡海绵的柔软性,舒适感好;二氧化硅气凝胶在柔性基材层的质量占比大大提高了,复合布料的保温隔热效果更佳。
显然,以上所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施例,但并不限制本申请的专利保护范围。本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现,相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员而言,其依然可以对前述各具体实施方式所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等效替换。凡是利用本申请说明书及附图内容所做的等效结构,直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理在本申请专利保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种保温隔热复合布料,其特征在于,所述复合布料包括柔性基材层和面料层;所述柔性基材层为复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保温隔热复合布料,其特征在于,所述发泡海绵为开孔结构,孔径为10~500μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保温隔热复合布料,其特征在于,所述发泡海绵厚度为0.3~5.0mm,密度为5~40Kg/m³。
4.根据权利要求1所述的保温隔热复合布料,其特征在于,所述二氧化硅气凝胶为SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的保温隔热复合布料,其特征在于,所述二氧化硅气凝胶在柔性基材层的质量占比为70%~90%,所述保温隔热复合布料的常温导热系数0.015-0.018W/(m·K)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的保温隔热复合布料,其特征在于,所述柔性基材层的发泡海绵的两面贴合有网眼布,网眼布位于柔性基材层和面料层之间。
7.根据权利要求6任一项所述的保温隔热复合布料,其特征在于,所述网眼布,厚度为0.05~0.3mm,材质为涤纶或聚酯材料;所述网眼布和柔性基材层之间通过热熔胶贴合;所述热熔胶为聚氨酯热熔胶,厚度为0.01-0.1mm。
8.一种保温隔热复合布料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述保温隔热复合布料如权利要求1-5任一项所示;其制备方法包括:
1)准备:在发泡海绵的至少一面衬垫网眼布;
2)将衬垫好了网眼布的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备气凝胶,得到填充有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵;
3)取出网眼布;
4)在复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵表面贴合上面料层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述网眼布,厚度为0.05~0.3mm,材质为涤纶或聚酯材料。
10.一种保温隔热复合布料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述保温隔热复合布料如权利要求1-6任一项所示;所述制备方法包括:
1)准备:在发泡海绵的两面贴合网眼布;
2)将复合好网眼布的发泡海绵通过溶胶凝胶法制备气凝胶,得到填充有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵;
3)在复合有二氧化硅气凝胶的发泡海绵表面贴合上面料层。
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CN114151653A (zh) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-08 | 上海大音希声新型材料有限公司 | 一种回字形管路气凝胶绝热套块组 |
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