CN111838154A

CN111838154A - Reagent and method for improving cold resistance of grapes and application of reagent and method

Info

Publication number: CN111838154A
Application number: CN202010638275.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈剑; 刘建水; 赵思婷
Original assignee: Forestry Workstation Of Gaochun District Nanjing
Current assignee: Forestry Workstation Of Gaochun District Nanjing
Priority date: 2020-07-06
Filing date: 2020-07-06
Publication date: 2020-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-06
Also published as: CN111838154B

Abstract

The invention discloses a reagent for improving the cold resistance of grapes, which comprises the following components in parts by volume: 2.5-7.5 parts of plant essential oil protective agent, 200.1-0.3 part of tween and 93-98 parts of distilled water. The invention also provides a method for improving the cold resistance of grapes, which comprises the following steps: cleaning dead leaves and yellow leaves and cleaning the ground; uniformly spraying the reagent on grape plants. The invention utilizes natural green plant essential oil protective agent, reduces the usage amount of chemicals and pesticides, reduces the pollution to the environment, improves the cold resistance of grapes, and alleviates the problems of cold damage and freezing damage caused by low temperature and seasonal alternation, thereby achieving high yield and high quality.

Description

Reagent and method for improving cold resistance of grapes and application of reagent and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a reagent and a method for improving the cold resistance of grapes and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation.

Background

China is one of the origins of Vitaceae plants and has a long history of grape cultivation. Grape is a kind of fruit suitable for both young and old, and its berry contains rich nutrients, and can be used for preventing and treating neurasthenia, stomach ache, abdominal distention, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Grapes are important raw materials in the food industry, in addition to fresh foods, and can be used for making wine, raisins, grape juice, grape cans and the like. The grapes are wooden vine hibernating fruit trees, the cold resistance in the dormant period has certain limitation, and when the low-temperature environment in winter in cold regions exceeds the cold resistance limit, the plants are frozen. The cold resistance of different parts of the grape is different, and the root system has weaker drought resistance on the whole, the cold injury appears at minus 4 ℃, and the grape dies at minus 7 to minus 5 ℃. Therefore, a method for improving the cold resistance of grapes and protecting the grapes from environmental pollution is urgently needed. The plant essential oil is a volatile secondary metabolite in a plant body, is composed of simple compounds with relatively small molecular weight, has certain aromatic smell, can be distilled with water vapor, and is an oily liquid substance capable of volatilizing at normal temperature. The essential oil and its components have various effects, and have therapeutic and health promotion effects in resisting microorganism, oxidation, tumor, parasite, and immunity regulation. Besides being applied to health care products and medicines, the application field of the essential oil is continuously expanded, and the essential oil is gradually developed and applied to the agricultural field at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention mainly aims to provide a reagent and a method for improving the cold resistance of grapes, which utilize natural green environment-friendly plant essential oil protective agents to reduce the usage amount of chemicals and pesticides, reduce the pollution to the environment, improve the cold resistance of the grapes, and reduce the problems of cold damage and freezing damage caused by low temperature and seasonal alternation, so that the grapes achieve high yield and high quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a reagent for improving the cold resistance of grapes comprises the following components in parts by volume: 2.5-7.5 parts of plant essential oil protective agent, 200.1-0.3 part of tween and 93-98 parts of distilled water.

Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of plant essential oil protective agent, 200.2 parts of tween and 94.8 parts of distilled water.

Preferably, the plant essential oil protective agent comprises the following components in parts by volume: 30-40 parts of trans-cinnamaldehyde, 20-30 parts of limonene and 30-50 parts of carvacrol.

Preferably, the plant essential oil protective agent comprises the following components in parts by volume: 35 parts of trans-cinnamaldehyde, 25 parts of limonene and 40 parts of carvacrol.

The invention also provides a method for improving the cold resistance of grapes, which comprises the following steps:

cleaning dead leaves and yellow leaves and cleaning the ground;

uniformly spraying the reagent on grape plants.

Preferably, the agent is sprayed the day before cold tides.

Preferably, the agent is directly sprayed to plants in an amount of 20-30L/acre.

The invention also provides application of the reagent in the process of improving the cold resistance of the grapes.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) the trans-cinnamaldehyde in the plant essential oil protective agent is mainly used for sterilization, corrosion prevention and the like; limonene has effects of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, and inhibiting bacteria; carvacrol is mainly used for spices, food additives and the like; at present, no report that three substances participate in the regulation and control of cold resistance exists, and the combined use of the three substances can improve the grape antioxidant system and improve the grape cell osmotic potential, thereby achieving the effect of improving the cold resistance.

2) The invention discovers that the application of the plant essential oil protective agent has the following effects on the grape plants through research: firstly, the activity of the grape plant for resisting active oxygen injury is enhanced, which shows that the capability of grape for resisting adversity stress is improved; secondly, the osmotic regulation mechanism of grape cells is improved, and the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein is increased. Wherein the free proline content is significantly increased, oxidation is inhibited and protein synthesis is reduced, which in turn inhibits the incorporation of proline into the protein synthesis process. Meanwhile, the concentration of cell sap is increased, and further, the damage caused by dehydration due to cell freezing can be prevented.

3) The medicament is convenient to apply, has a good improvement effect, is environment-friendly, is easy to obtain raw materials, and is suitable for large-scale application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows POD activity of different treated leaves in example 4;

FIG. 2 shows the SOD activity of the leaves of the different treatments of example 4;

FIG. 3 shows CAT activity of different treated leaves in example 4;

FIG. 4 is the soluble sugar content of the different treated leaves of example 4;

FIG. 5 is the soluble protein content of the leaves of the different treatments of example 4;

FIG. 6 shows proline content of different treated leaves in example 4;

FIG. 7 shows the MDA content of the different treated leaves of example 4.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

In the examples, the test methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials and reagents used were commercially available without otherwise specified.

Example 1

The method for improving the cold resistance of the grapes in the embodiment takes potted grapes as experimental materials, and comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning withered leaves and yellow leaves;

(2) According to 300 particles per mu, 25L of essential oil per mu is calculated, and 0.8L of reagent is sprayed per particle. The reagent comprises the following components: 2.5 parts of a plant essential oil protective agent, 200.1 parts of tween and 97.4 parts of distilled water, wherein the plant essential oil protective agent comprises 40 parts of trans-cinnamic aldehyde, 30 parts of limonene and 30 parts of carvacrol;

(3) potted grapes were treated at-4 ℃ for two days.

And (4) observing the freezing injury condition of the grape plants, and finding that the grape plants sprayed with the reagent have good shapes.

Example 2

(1) cleaning withered leaves and yellow leaves;

(2) according to 300 particles per mu, 25L of essential oil per mu is calculated, and 0.8L of reagent is sprayed per particle. The reagent comprises the following components: 5 parts of a plant essential oil protective agent, 200.2 parts of tween and 94.8 parts of distilled water, wherein the plant essential oil protective agent comprises 35 parts of trans-cinnamic aldehyde, 25 parts of limonene and 40 parts of carvacrol;

(3) potted grapes were treated at-4 ℃ for two days.

Example 3

(1) Cleaning withered leaves and yellow leaves;

(2) according to 300 particles per mu, 25L of essential oil per mu is calculated, and 0.8L of reagent is sprayed per particle. The reagent comprises the following components: 7.5 parts of a plant essential oil protective agent, 200.3 parts of tween and 92.2 parts of distilled water, wherein the plant essential oil protective agent comprises 30 parts of trans-cinnamaldehyde, 20 parts of limonene and 50 parts of carvacrol;

(3) potted grapes were treated at-4 ℃ for two days.

Comparative example 1

In this example, potted grapes were treated at-4 ℃ for two days without spraying any reagent.

And (5) observing the freezing injury condition of the grape plants, and finding that the leaves of the grape plants are not sprayed with the reagent to droop.

Example 4

(1) cleaning dead leaves and yellow leaves and cleaning the ground;

(2) and uniformly spraying a reagent on the grape plants. Spraying 0.8L of the essential oil according to 300 per mu and 25L per mu. The reagent comprises the following components: 5 parts of a plant essential oil protective agent, 200.2 parts of tween and 94.8 parts of distilled water, wherein the plant essential oil protective agent comprises 35 parts of trans-cinnamic aldehyde, 25 parts of limonene and 40 parts of carvacrol;

(3) The solution was treated at 4 ℃ and-4 ℃ with no essential oil spray as a control. Sampling and detecting for 5 consecutive days.

(4) And (3) detecting the freezing damage condition of the grape plants, and testing the antioxidant activity, the osmotic adjustment mechanism and the damage condition of the crops.

The test results were as follows:

under the conditions of low temperature (4 ℃) and freezing damage (-4 ℃), the enzyme activity change conditions of Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) of the essential oil treatment and control leaf antioxidant system are detected, and the result shows that the enzyme activities of the three enzymes can be obviously improved by spraying the plant essential oil. After low temperature (4 ℃) and freezing damage (-4 ℃), the POD activity of the grape plants sprayed with the plant essential oil medicament is significantly higher than that of plants not sprayed with the essential oil, and the POD activity reaches the highest in 3 days of treatment and then does not rise any more (fig. 1); the SOD activity of the grape plants sprayed with the plant essential oil medicament is also obviously higher than that of the grape plants not sprayed with the plant essential oil medicament, and the former is about 1.5 times of that of the latter (figure 2); the CAT activity of the grape plants sprayed with the plant essential oil medicament is also higher than that of the grape plants not sprayed with the plant essential oil medicament, and the former is about 5 times of that of the grape plants not sprayed with the plant essential oil medicament (figure 3). POD, SOD and CAT activity are increased, which is helpful for improving the oxidation resistance of plants and resisting the stress generated by low temperature and freezing damage.

The improvement of the penetration ability can also improve the plant resistance. The soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and free proline content of the essential oil treated and control leaves are detected under the conditions of low temperature (4 ℃) and freezing damage (-4 ℃). After the treatment of the essential oil, the content of soluble sugar (figure 4), soluble protein (figure 5) and free proline (figure 6) can be obviously improved. This has an important effect on improving cell permeation resistance.

MDA is a substance reflecting the damage condition of cell membranes, and the content of MDA in the plant essential oil treatment is obviously lower than that in the control (figure 7), which shows that the cell damage can be obviously reduced after the plant essential oil treatment. After the grape plants are treated at the temperature of minus 4 ℃ for 1 day, the leaves of the grape plants which are not sprayed with the essential oil are wilted, and the grape plants sprayed with the essential oil medicament have normal appearance, so that the plant essential oil can improve the low-temperature stress resistance of the grapes.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reagent for improving the cold resistance of grapes is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by volume: 2.5-7.5 parts of plant essential oil protective agent, 200.1-0.3 part of tween and 93-98 parts of distilled water.

2. The reagent for improving the cold resistance of the grapes according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of plant essential oil protective agent, 200.2 parts of tween and 94.8 parts of distilled water.

3. The agent for improving the cold resistance of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the plant essential oil protective agent comprises the following components in parts by volume: 30-40 parts of trans-cinnamaldehyde, 20-30 parts of limonene and 30-50 parts of carvacrol.

4. The agent for improving the cold resistance of grapes according to claim 1, wherein the plant essential oil protective agent comprises the following components in parts by volume: 35 parts of trans-cinnamaldehyde, 25 parts of limonene and 40 parts of carvacrol.

5. A method for improving the cold resistance of grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

cleaning dead leaves and yellow leaves and cleaning the ground;

uniformly spraying the reagent of any one of claims 1 to 4 on grape plants.

6. The method for improving the cold resistance of grapes according to claim 5, wherein the agent is sprayed one day before cold tides.

7. The method for improving the cold resistance of grapes according to claim 5, wherein the agent is directly sprayed to the plants in an amount of 20-30L/acre.

8. Use of an agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for the improvement of cold resistance in grapes.