CN111837942A - Valence-by-valence incremental germplasm innovation method for corn resistance yield multi-trait combined improvement - Google Patents
Valence-by-valence incremental germplasm innovation method for corn resistance yield multi-trait combined improvement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a price-by-price increasing germplasm innovation method for corn resistance yield multi-character combined improvement, which comprises the steps of establishing a genetic breeding basic group with wide genetic basis of multiple resistance genes, yield, related characters and the like, establishing multiple ecological test points with bright ecological environment characteristics to test phenotypes, combining molecular marker-assisted selection genotypes, dividing into price individuals based on the number of target genes carried by the individuals, carrying out low-price individual hybridization or multiple mixed powder hybridization, and selecting 'bivalent' or 'high-price' multi-character improved germplasm resources by means of a marker-assisted selection technology so as to achieve the purpose of joint polymerization improvement of multiple resistances, yield, related characters and the like, improve the breeding efficiency of new varieties and shorten the breeding period. The invention solves the problems of difficult new variety breeding, low breeding efficiency and long breeding period of the traditional corn breeding method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn breeding, in particular to a price-by-price increasing germplasm innovation method for multi-trait combined improvement of corn resistance yield.
Background
Among the many factors that increase the yield per unit of corn, the role of genetic improvement is about 35% to 40%. In recent times, through continuous and continuous efforts of scientists, the corn genetic improvement work has great effect. However, with the gradual excavation of important germplasm resources, the breeding of new varieties by using the traditional corn breeding method is more and more difficult; meanwhile, the traditional corn breeding is easily influenced by adverse gene linkage effect, the breeding efficiency is low, and the breeding period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, a price-by-price increasing germplasm innovation method for the multi-character combined improvement of the resistance yield of the corn is provided, so that the problems that the breeding of new varieties is increasingly difficult, the breeding efficiency is low and the breeding period is long in the traditional corn breeding method are solved.
In order to achieve the aim, the method for innovating the price-by-price increasing germplasm for the multi-trait combined improvement of the resistance yield of the corn comprises the following steps:
selecting germplasm to respectively construct two-group method or three-group method initial groups containing a plurality of target traits;
planting and implementing an initial population at a plurality of detection points in different ecological environments, and determining the number N of target characters carried by individuals in the initial population according to the character performance of the initial population under the different ecological environments by combining molecular marker detection;
dividing the individuals into corresponding price germplasm based on the number of target traits carried by the individuals;
constructing low-price germplasm groups of two groups or three groups of methods from the monovalent germplasm respectively;
performing intra-group hybridization on the low-price germplasm groups, planting the low-price germplasm groups at a plurality of detection points under different ecological environments, and combining molecular marker detection according to the character performance of the low-price germplasm groups under different ecological environments to obtain germplasm with more than two prices so as to construct high-price germplasm groups;
and respectively selecting high-price germplasm in the high-price germplasm groups of two groups of methods or three groups of methods to hybridize and breed new varieties.
Further, the traits of interest include yield traits, quality traits, disease resistance traits, and pest resistance traits.
Further, the ecological environment of the detection point comprises drought or high humidity, high altitude or low altitude, high temperature or cold and cool.
Further, the two groups of initial populations of methods include a reid initial population and a non-reid initial population, and the selecting germplasm to respectively construct the two groups of initial populations of methods containing a plurality of target traits includes:
taking the Reid germplasm to be improved as a female parent and the Reid germplasm containing target characters as a male parent to obtain seeds by hybridization, planting the harvested seeds and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the Reid initial population;
and hybridizing the non-Reid germplasm to be improved serving as a female parent and the non-Reid germplasm containing the target character serving as a male parent to obtain seeds, planting the harvested seeds, and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the non-Reid initial population.
Further, the three groups of initial populations of methods include a reed population, a landka population and a non-reylon population, and the selecting germplasm to respectively construct the three groups of initial populations of methods containing a plurality of target traits comprises:
taking the Reid germplasm to be improved as a female parent and the Reid germplasm containing target characters as a male parent to obtain seeds by hybridization, planting the harvested seeds and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the Reid initial population;
hybridizing with a orchid germplasm to be improved as a female parent and a orchid germplasm containing target characters as a male parent to obtain seeds, planting the harvested seeds, and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct an initial population of the orchid
And hybridizing the non-Ruifen germplasm to be improved serving as a female parent and the non-Ruifen germplasm containing the target character serving as a male parent to obtain grains, planting the harvested grains, and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the non-Ruifen initial population.
The invention has the advantages that the price-by-price increasing germplasm innovation method for the corn resistance yield multi-character combined improvement establishes a genetic breeding basic group with wide genetic basis of multiple resistance genes, yield, related characters and the like, establishes a plurality of ecological test points with bright ecological environment characteristics to test the phenotype, combines molecular markers to assist in selecting the genotype, divides the number of target genes carried by individuals into price individuals, and selects bivalent or high-price multi-character improved germplasm resources by means of a marker-assisted selection technology through low-price individual hybridization or multiple mixed powder hybridization to achieve the purpose of joint polymerization improvement of multiple resistances, yield, related characters and the like, improves the breeding efficiency of new varieties and shortens the breeding period.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for cost-effective incremental germplasm innovation of corn resistance yield multi-trait combined improvement according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for improving maize resistance yield and multiple traits in a combined manner for increasing germplasm price and increasing germplasm, according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for improving maize resistance yield and multiple traits in a combined manner for increasing germplasm price and increasing germplasm, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting germplasm to respectively construct two or three groups of initial groups containing a plurality of target traits.
Specifically, two populations of starting populations are established, including a Reid starting population and a non-Reid starting population.
In some embodiments, three populations of naive populations are constructed, including a Reid naive population, a Rana naive population, and a non-Reinfilan naive population.
When selecting germplasm, collecting germplasm extensively, utilizing germplasm resource catalog, bioinformatics, variety germplasm production expression and genetic breeding research practice and other related knowledge information to intentionally collect various resistance source or target character gene resource germplasm of different germplasm groups. Germplasm may be divided into two broad populations of reed population, non-reed population, or three broad populations of reed population, landau population and non-reed-landau population.
According to the heterosis of the clusters, selecting two clusters of methods of two large clusters of germplasm of a Reid population and a non-Reid population or three clusters of methods of three large clusters of germplasm of the Reid population, a Rana population and a non-Reid non-Langlan population to form an initial population of germplasm innovation.
The selection of the germplasm takes the principle of wide application in large-area production, good resistance and the like as the principle, and pays attention to the selection of some germplasm with target traits of disease resistance and insect resistance by looking up germplasm performance data and the like. The target traits include yield traits, quality traits, disease resistance traits and insect pest resistance traits.
In the construction of an initial population, the germplasm to be improved is hybridized with excellent germplasm carrying target traits; or hybridizing the hybrid powder with a plurality of excellent germplasm carrying the target traits in a way of mother-father combination, and then performing mixed powder hybridization again to create an initial population containing a plurality of target traits. The initial population is constructed considering the heterosis population (two or three population method).
Specifically, taking two groups of law groups as an example, wherein the two groups of law groups are a reid initial group and a non-reid initial group respectively, the step (1) comprises:
1.1 construction of initial population of Reid.
1.1.1 taking the Reid germplasm to be improved as a female parent and the Reid germplasm containing target characters as a male parent, wherein the number of the male parents can be more than one.
1.1.2 hybridizing the female parent (the Reid germplasm to be improved) and the male parent (the Reid germplasm with target characters) to obtain seeds; or the female parent (the Reid germplasm to be improved) and a plurality of male parents (the Reid germplasm with the target character) are mixed and hybridized to obtain the seeds.
1.1.3 planting the harvested seeds and performing a second flour mixing hybridization to construct the initial population of Reid.
1.2 construction of non-Reid initial population.
1.2.1 the non-Reid germ plasm to be improved is used as a female parent, the non-Reid germ plasm containing target characters is used as a male parent, and the number of the male parents can be more than one.
1.2.2 hybridizing the female parent (non-Reid germplasm to be improved) and the male parent (non-Reid germplasm containing target traits) to obtain grains; or the female parent (the non-Reid germplasm to be improved) and a plurality of male parents (the non-Reid germplasm with the target character) are mixed and hybridized to obtain the seeds.
1.2.3 planting the harvested kernels and performing another flour mixing hybridization to construct a non-reid initial population.
If three groups of normal groups are taken as an example, wherein the three groups of normal groups are a Reid group, a Rana group and a non-Reinfilan group respectively, the step (1) comprises the following steps:
1-1 construction of initial population of Reid.
1-1-1 uses the Reid germplasm to be improved as female parent, uses the Reid germplasm containing target character as male parent, and its male parent can be several.
1-1-2 hybridizing the female parent (the Reid germplasm to be improved) and the male parent (the Reid germplasm with the target character) to obtain grains; or the female parent (the Reid germplasm to be improved) and a plurality of male parents (the Reid germplasm with the target character) are mixed and hybridized to obtain the seeds.
1-1-3 planting the harvested seeds and performing the flour mixing hybridization again to construct the initial population of Reid.
1-2 construction of the initial population of blue carden.
1-2-1 uses the orchid germplasm to be improved as female parent, uses the orchid germplasm containing target characters as male parent, and its male parent can be several.
1-2-2, hybridizing the female parent (the orchid germplasm to be improved) and the male parent (the non-orchid germplasm with the target character) to obtain grains; or the female parent (the orchid germplasm to be improved) and a plurality of male parents (the orchid germplasm with the target character) are mixed and hybridized to obtain the seeds.
1-2-3 planting the harvested seeds and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct an initial population of the orchid.
1-3 construction of initial population of non-Raffinia.
1-3-1 uses the non-Ruifen germ plasm to be improved as female parent, uses the non-Ruifen germ plasm containing target character as male parent, and its male parent can be several.
1-3-2, hybridizing the female parent (the non-Ruifenlan germplasm to be improved) and the male parent (the non-Ruifenlan germplasm with the target character) to obtain grains; or the female parent (the non-Ruifen germplasm to be improved) and a plurality of male parents (the non-Ruifen germplasm with the target traits) are mixed and hybridized to obtain the grains.
1-3-3 planting the harvested seeds and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct a non-ryfillan initial population.
(2) Planting an initial population at a plurality of detection points in different ecological environments, and detecting and determining the number N of target characters carried by individuals in the initial population by using molecular markers according to the character performances of the initial population in different ecological environments.
Selecting a plurality of detection points under different ecological environments to plant two or three groups of groups. The ecological environment of the detection point comprises drought or high humidity, high altitude or low altitude, high temperature or cold and cool.
Specifically, a plurality of different relatively ecological test points are established in various ecological regions around the country, attention is paid to the correspondence of drought, high humidity, high altitude, low altitude, high temperature, cold and cool and the like of each ecological point, so as to detect the resistance of germplasm to different diseases, the resistance difference of pathogenic bacteria to the same disease and different races of pathogenic bacteria, the comprehensive performance of yield in ecological environments such as different temperature, light and water heat and the like, the adaptability performance of yield-related characters to different ecological environments (such as the speed of dehydration of the length, the thickness and the like of bracts) and the like under various ecological conditions, and the ecological adaptation rules of different diseases or different physiological races of the same disease are tested by utilizing the corresponding different natural ecological conditions, so as to perform the individual resistance and adaptability performance test of improved groups.
Selecting 1000-2000 plants in the initial population, detecting by a molecular marker-assisted selection method, and detecting the number of a certain resistance gene or a yield-related target trait gene carried by each individual in the initial population.
(3) And dividing the individuals into corresponding price germplasm based on the number of the target traits carried by the individuals.
And determining the quantity N of the target characters carried by the individuals according to the adaptability of the individuals of the initial population under different ecological environments and the detection of molecular markers. And (4) dividing the individuals into corresponding price germplasm according to the quantity of the target traits carried by the individuals.
Specifically, an individual (individual germplasm) carrying only one gene of a trait of interest (i.e., N ═ 1) is described as a monovalent germplasm of the trait of interest for a certain resistance or a certain trait.
Individuals carrying two genes with the desired trait (i.e., N ═ 2) are described as bivalent germplasm with a certain resistance or a desired trait of a certain trait.
By analogy, individuals with three target trait genes (i.e., N ═ 3) are described as trivalent germplasm for a certain resistance or a certain trait of interest.
(4) And respectively constructing two or three groups of low-price germplasm groups by using the determined one-price germplasm.
(5) And performing intra-group hybridization on the two-group or three-group low-price germplasm groups, planting at a plurality of detection points under different ecological environments, and detecting and obtaining germplasm with more than two valences by using molecular markers according to the property performance of the low-price germplasm groups under different ecological environments to construct high-price germplasm groups, such as trivalent planting groups and tetravalent planting groups.
(6) Selecting high-price germplasm in two or three groups of high-price germplasm groups to be hybridized and bred into a new variety.
Due to the limited size of the improved population, even if 1000-2000 strains are planted at a time, it is sometimes difficult to directly find bivalent or trivalent individuals.
Therefore, after linkage is broken through hybridization or backcross among monovalent individuals in a heterosis group line or among single plants, a target divalent or trivalent individual is selected by using a molecular marker-assisted selection method; multiple excellent target trait genes can also be transferred into one more excellent germplasm through a transgenic means, and the method is a more effective multi-trait combined improvement method.
After obtaining the high-price germplasm, planting the high-price germplasm at a plurality of detection points and observing the combined improvement expression of a plurality of target characters of the high-price germplasm.
The trivalent or higher-priced individuals obtained by the molecular marker assisted selection technology are returned to a plurality of test points of different ecological environments for planting so as to detect the multi-character combined improved 'multivalent efficacy' of the trivalent or higher-priced individuals, record various favorable genes or resistance efficacy values, and analyze the differences of character phenotype caused by the difference of pathogen types, the difference of physiological races of pathogenic bacteria, the resistance difference caused by field growth difference and the like. According to the distribution rule of the multiple disease resistance molecular markers on the chromosome, hot spot regions in the whole genome with multiple disease resistance concentrated are searched, favorable excellent genes are further polymerized, and the aim of joint polymerization improvement of multiple resistances, yield, related characters and the like is really achieved.
The invention relates to a valence-increasing germplasm innovation method for the multi-character combined improvement of corn resistance yield, which comprises the steps of establishing a genetic breeding basic group with wide genetic basis of multiple resistance genes, yield, related characters and the like, establishing multiple ecological test points with clear ecological environment characteristics to test phenotypes, combining molecular marker-assisted selection genotypes, dividing the groups into valence individuals based on the number of individual target genes, carrying out low-valence individual hybridization or multiple powder-mixed hybridization, and selecting bivalent or high-valence multi-character improved germplasm resources by means of a marker-assisted selection technology so as to achieve the aim of joint polymerization improvement of multiple resistances, yield, related characters and the like, improve the breeding efficiency of new varieties and shorten the breeding period.
The invention relates to a price-by-price increasing germplasm innovation method for multi-character joint improvement of corn resistance yield, which is characterized in that on the first hand, the setting of multi-character joint improved heterosis groups is standardized, so that the germplasms bred in different breeding groups and teams are mutually improved, and the blood margin of the original heterosis group is continuously maintained, thereby being beneficial to being directly put into breeding for use more quickly; in the second aspect, a multi-character joint improvement procedure and a multi-character joint improvement step are provided, and an intermediate germplasm naming method for germplasm improvement is provided, so that unified naming of multi-character joint improvement germplasm is facilitated, continuous improvement is facilitated, and standard continuation of subsequent naming is facilitated; in the third aspect, a plurality of relative ecological test points are provided, so that the accurate execution of an ecological identification test of the same disease caused by various pathogenic bacteria types (such as corn stalk rot caused by bacteria and fungoid, and the fungi caused by seven types of fungi including pythium, fusarium and the like) is facilitated, the dominant population type of the pathogenic bacteria is facilitated to be identified, the effect of different molecular markers on marker auxiliary selection under different ecological conditions is determined, and the variation of physiological races of the pathogenic bacteria is facilitated to be monitored so as to plan the variation and differentiation of the pathogenic bacteria; fourthly, through the whole breeding process of multi-character combined improvement, hot spot areas of resistance and stress resistance of the whole genome can be analyzed by summarizing the distribution rule of each large pest resistance gene in the whole genome, the hot spot areas are further cloned, and then analysis and function verification are carried out, so that the multi-azimuth function of the gene in the hot spot areas is researched through further multiple tests such as gene function inspection and the like for further carrying out the biological modification, the improvement of accumulated genes and the research foundation of molecular level of gene editing, and the super biological system improvement technology which can gather excellent genes and can not damage the original biological function and even improve the original biological function is designed to benefit human beings; in the fifth aspect, in the multi-trait combined improvement, based on the system theory, from the relative difference of environmental conditions to the distribution of beneficial genes in the whole genome, and even according to the current research foundation in the future, the editing and integration of the beneficial genes in the whole genome of the corn can achieve the purpose of keeping and providing the beneficial efficiency of the whole system from the viewpoint of the system.
It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings attached to the present specification are only used for matching the disclosure of the present specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
While the present invention has been described in detail and with reference to the embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein. Therefore, certain details of the embodiments are not to be interpreted as limiting, and the invention is to be defined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A valence-by-valence incremental germplasm innovation method for the multi-trait combined improvement of corn resistance yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting germplasm to respectively construct two-group method or three-group method initial groups containing a plurality of target traits;
planting and implementing an initial population at a plurality of detection points in different ecological environments, and determining the number N of target characters carried by individuals in the initial population according to the character performance of the initial population under the different ecological environments by combining molecular marker detection;
dividing the individuals into corresponding price germplasm based on the number of target traits carried by the individuals;
constructing low-price germplasm groups of two groups or three groups of methods from the monovalent germplasm respectively;
performing intra-group hybridization on the low-price germplasm groups, planting the low-price germplasm groups at a plurality of detection points under different ecological environments, and combining molecular marker detection according to the character performance of the low-price germplasm groups under different ecological environments to obtain germplasm with more than two prices so as to construct high-price germplasm groups;
and respectively selecting high-price germplasm in the high-price germplasm groups of two groups of methods or three groups of methods to hybridize and breed new varieties.
2. The method of incremental germplasm innovation for the multi-trait joint improvement of maize resistance yield according to claim 1, wherein the traits of interest include yield traits, quality traits, disease resistance traits and insect pest resistance traits.
3. The method of cost-effective incremental germplasm innovation for the multi-trait joint improvement in maize resistance yield according to claim 1, wherein the ecological environment of the checkpoint comprises drought or high humidity, high or low altitude, high or cold temperature.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the two-population farrowing initial population comprises a reed initial population and a non-reed initial population, and the selecting germplasm to construct the two-population farrowing initial population containing the plurality of traits of interest respectively comprises:
taking the Reid germplasm to be improved as a female parent and the Reid germplasm containing target characters as a male parent to obtain seeds by hybridization, planting the harvested seeds and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the Reid initial population;
and hybridizing the non-Reid germplasm to be improved serving as a female parent and the non-Reid germplasm containing the target character serving as a male parent to obtain seeds, planting the harvested seeds, and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the non-Reid initial population.
5. The method for incremental germplasm innovation in combination with multiple trait-based improvement in resistance to maize production according to claim 1, wherein the three sets of initial populations of approaches include a Reid population, a Rana population and a non-Reinfilan population, and the selecting germplasm to construct the three sets of initial populations of approaches containing multiple traits of interest respectively comprises:
taking the Reid germplasm to be improved as a female parent and the Reid germplasm containing target characters as a male parent to obtain seeds by hybridization, planting the harvested seeds and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the Reid initial population;
hybridizing with a orchid germplasm to be improved as a female parent and a orchid germplasm containing target characters as a male parent to obtain seeds, planting the harvested seeds, and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct an initial population of the orchid
And hybridizing the non-Ruifen germplasm to be improved serving as a female parent and the non-Ruifen germplasm containing the target character serving as a male parent to obtain grains, planting the harvested grains, and performing mixed powder hybridization again to construct the non-Ruifen initial population.
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