CN111834753B - Fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat and design method thereof - Google Patents

Fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat and design method thereof Download PDF

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CN111834753B
CN111834753B CN202010785210.1A CN202010785210A CN111834753B CN 111834753 B CN111834753 B CN 111834753B CN 202010785210 A CN202010785210 A CN 202010785210A CN 111834753 B CN111834753 B CN 111834753B
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许河秀
王彦朝
王朝辉
彭清
王明照
王少杰
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Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of super-surface stealth, and particularly relates to a full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth coat based on a geometric phase and a transmission phase and a design method thereof. The carpet stealth coat is of any three-dimensional structure and is formed by splicing a plurality of plane super surfaces; the plane super surface consists of a plurality of super surface unit period extensions; each super-surface unit comprises an upper flexible dielectric plate, a middle engineering resin and a lower flexible dielectric plate; one side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate comprises a metal arc electric resonator, the other side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate is totally corroded, one side of the lower layer flexible dielectric plate is totally metallic, and the other side of the lower layer flexible dielectric plate is totally corroded; structural parameters and azimuth angles of the arc electric resonator change along with different unit positions, and the arc electric resonator is designed by a full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth method; the carpet stealth coat provided by the invention shows excellent electromagnetic stealth performance under the excitation of linear polarized waves, circular polarized waves or elliptical polarized waves with different polarization angles, and has the advantages of arbitrary polarization, arbitrary shape, excellent stealth characteristic, easiness in assembly and the like.

Description

Fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat and design method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-surface stealth, and particularly relates to a super-surface carpet stealth garment capable of realizing perfect stealth characteristics under detection of randomly polarized electromagnetic waves and a design method thereof.
Background
Stealth has been a dream for humans for centuries, and it has not been true until the introduction of transformation optical theory and the emergence of metamaterials. Based on the above two powerful tools, and by precisely adjusting constitutive parameters of anisotropic and non-uniform bulk materials, it is possible to have perfect stealth that hides the light/electromagnetic waves around the target. Although the combined strategy of transforming optics and metamaterials is an attractive way to achieve stealth, the enormous volume and singular material parameters make it often impractical to implement in practical designs. This problem was later alleviated to some extent by transmission line cloak based on energy coupling networks and plasma cloak based on scatter cancellation techniques that use the opposite phase of thin metamaterials to cancel scattered waves radiated by cloak targets. However, the former stealth object is very limited in size, and the latter perfect stealth performance is very narrow in bandwidth.
Fortunately, the advent of the super-surface provided us with a large degree of freedom to manipulate the amplitude, phase and polarization of scattered electromagnetic waves, resulting in many exciting applications. Important progress in the field of super-surface research has made a rapid breakthrough in the research of carpet camouflaging. The targets are wrapped by the well-designed super-surface stealth cloak, and the phase and amplitude of the mirror image scattering waves can be recovered, so that large-ground-plane mirror image scattering is simulated as if no real target exists. Recently, adjustable and intelligent cloak canopies have been developed to advance the field a step forward. However, achieving a fully polarized stealth cloak with certainty is very urgent, but is still a scientific illusion at present. This is because any particular man-made material will only produce a particular electromagnetic response when irradiated by electromagnetic waves of a particular polarization, so that it can still be found when irradiated by waves of other polarizations. Conventional structuring methods generally provide only very limited polarization adaptability (typically limited to 2 polarizations) by careful selection of the super-surface elements with rotational symmetry, while greatly limiting the more free anisotropic design. To date, no effective methods have been reported in the literature to solve this long-standing problem.
We break the conventional and propose a deterministic total polarization stealth method based on anisotropic super surface, aiming at completely solving the basic scientific problem and being a milestone in the field of real stealth application. No matter the initial polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave is linear polarization or circular polarization, after the incident electromagnetic wave irradiates the super-surface carpet stealth clothes designed by the invention, the incident electromagnetic wave is accurately scattered to the predicted mirror image direction, and the scattering effect is consistent with the ground scattering effect. The phase positions required by the stealth clothes in the left-handed (sigma +) and right-handed (sigma-) states are skillfully integrated on the super surface, so that full polarization work can be realized. Therefore, the proposed full polarization method is an emerging technology, and is completely different from the previously reported method mechanism for realizing polarization insensitivity based on dual and quadruple rotational symmetry. In addition, the three-dimensional (3D) carpet stealth clothes are realized by combining the flexible super surface with a 3D printing technology capable of manufacturing any complex structure, and have the advantages of any stealth target shape, full polarization work, good stealth effect and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth garment capable of effectively working under any polarization and a design method thereof, so as to solve the practical basic problem troubling stealth application for a long time.
When the fully polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat designed by the invention is placed on the ground, no matter the initial polarization of incident electromagnetic waves is linear polarization or circular polarization, after the incident electromagnetic waves irradiate the carpet stealth coat, the electromagnetic waves are always accurately scattered to the expected direction, the scattering characteristics of the super-surface stealth coat are the same as the ground, just like no target is placed on the ground, and any target placed inside the carpet stealth coat can be perfectly stealthed, as shown in fig. 1 (a).
The invention provides a design method of a fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat.
The first step is as follows: determining the geometric shape of the three-dimensional cloaking clothes, discretizing the three-dimensional cloaking clothes according to the super surface unit period, and then calculating the space phase distribution of the cloaking clothes based on the ray tracing theory
The basic basis of the design of the stealth clothes is a phase compensation method, a reference surface is determined firstly, the phase of the reference surface is taken as a zero phase, then the distance between each super-surface unit of the three-dimensional stealth clothes and the reference surface is calculated, and finally the phase needing to be compensated under specific polarization of each super-surface unit, namely the spatial phase distribution delta, is calculated according to a formula (1):
δ＝π-2k0[f(x)-g(x)]cos(θ) (1)
here, f (x) represents the geometry of the stealth target, g (x) is the virtual stealth target desired to be achieved, and for carpet stealth g (x) is a constant horizontal plane, k0＝2π/λ0Is the wave vector of free space, λ0Theta is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave for the operating wavelength, and the phase distribution delta and the design frequency f need to be compensated in the above formula0Polarization of incident electromagnetic wave | σ>Are closely related. Therefore, the traditional cloaking clothes can only work in specific polarization, and the change of the polarization of incident electromagnetic waves causes the disorder of the consistent phase of the mirror reflection waves, and finally causes the sharp deterioration of the cloaking performance.
The second step is that: and a complete polarization stealth solution based on a rotation direction decoupling method is provided, a mixed phase rotation direction decoupling method based on a geometric phase and a transmission phase under cross polarization conversion is established, and the transmission phase and the geometric phase are inverted according to the stealth clothing space phase distribution calculated in the first step.
Levogyration | +>And dextrorotation | ->Under the excitation of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, according to the step 1, the phase distribution delta required by the carpet stealth clothes can be easily calculated+-And delta-+Next, we establish a method to design the super surface such that the super surface is rotated on left | +>And dextrorotation | ->Decoupling is realized by phase and function under excitation of circularly polarized waves and geometric phase andthe transmission phase enables the super surface to be | +>And | ->The two sets of stealth phases are simultaneously realized under waves. Because any linearly polarized wave can be decomposed into | +>Sum | ->Superposition of waves, so long as | +can be integrated>And | ->Two sets of stealth phases of wave can realize | +>And | ->Electromagnetic stealth is realized under the irradiation of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and even under the excitation of any linearly polarized waves, and finally, full-polarized electromagnetic stealth is realized.
The theory of phase decoupling in states of | + > and | - > under linear main polarization and cross linear polarization systems is introduced below, and a basic design criterion is provided for full-polarization stealth under a reflection system. Under a reflection system, the specific electromagnetic characteristics of the super-surface unit can be characterized by a Jones matrix:
Figure GDA0002667812120000031
here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Figure GDA0002667812120000032
and
Figure GDA0002667812120000033
representing four x/y polarization reflection phase and amplitude spectra under x/y linear polarization wave excitation, these phases being related to cell structure parameters, called transmission phases. In a cartesian coordinate system, assuming that the super-surface unit is rotated by an angle α with respect to its center coordinate, the reflection jones matrix R (α) can be expressed as:
R(α)＝S-1(α)×R×S(α)，
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0002667812120000034
meanwhile, the relation between the circularly polarized lower reflection Jones matrix and the linearly polarized lower reflection Jones matrix satisfies:
Rc(α)＝Λ-1·R(α)·Λ，
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0002667812120000035
for reciprocal systems, the rotation and mirror symmetry are not broken, with ryx＝rxyAnd
Figure GDA0002667812120000036
further, a circular polarization base lower reflection Jones matrix can be obtained:
Figure GDA0002667812120000037
equation (2) illustrates the simultaneous introduction of the geometric phase (e)-2αj) And transmission phase
Figure GDA0002667812120000038
Can make delta+-And delta-+Are completely decoupled.
For a linear homopolar system (i.e., a linear main polarization system), the super-surface unit is mirror symmetric along the x and y axes, with no cross polarization (r)yx≈rxy0) is not difficult to obtain rxx≈r yy1. In addition, to obtain high cross-spin conversion efficiency determined by linear co-polarization coefficient, the spin component carrying the geometric phase should be 1, and the remaining spin component r++And r--Should be 0. In consideration of these factors, let
Figure GDA0002667812120000039
Equation (2) can be further simplified to:
Figure GDA00026678121200000310
thus, the transmission phase and the geometric phase which are needed by stealth in the state of double rotation can be inverted:
Figure GDA00026678121200000311
Figure GDA00026678121200000312
Figure GDA0002667812120000041
for cross-polarized systems, there is no mirror symmetry (e.g., r:xx≈ryy0), available immediately:
Figure GDA0002667812120000042
and the efficiency of the rotation-direction decoupling is determined by the efficiency of the linear cross polarization conversion, which is a very important conclusion. Under the condition, is simultaneously | +>And | ->Linear polarization transmission phase phi required for realizing stealth in statexyAnd the geometric phase can be calculated as follows:
Figure GDA0002667812120000043
Figure GDA0002667812120000044
the third step: synthesizing a reflection super-surface unit meeting the requirement of rotation decoupling under the condition of online cross polarization, and selecting specific structural parameters to ensure that the cross polarization reflection phase phi under x/y polarizationxyAll reach 180 degrees of coverage to obtain the linear cross polarization reflection phase phixyRelationship as a function of the structural parameter β.
Under the condition of on-line cross polarization, synthesizing to obtain a reflection super-surface unit meeting the rotation decoupling, and using the reflection super-surface unit as a basic structural unit of the fully-polarized carpet stealth coat design; as shown in fig. 2(a), the basic structural unit is a metal-insulator-metal type reflective system, and is composed of upper and lower flexible thin PCB dielectric boards and 3D printed polymer sandwiched therebetween. One side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate comprises a metal arc electric resonator, and the other side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate is totally corroded; one side of the lower flexible medium plate is all metallic, and the other side is all corroded; the shape of the metal arc electric resonator is in a central symmetry I-shaped shape, the middle part of the metal arc electric resonator is a metal straight strip, and two ends of the metal arc electric resonator are respectively a metal arc with the radius of R; an included angle (also called an azimuth angle) between a metal straight strip of the metal arc electric resonator and an x axis is alpha, and alpha is 45 degrees; the corresponding opening angles (namely central angles) of the two metal arc ends (namely the intervals) are equal and are marked as beta, and the connecting line of the two metal arc ends is vertical to the middle metal strip; the widths of the middle metal strip and the metal arc are equal and are marked as d.
Determining basic structure parameters of the unit according to the working frequency, selecting a parameter beta to obtain 180-degree phase coverage, relaying the residual 180-degree phase coverage through a rotation azimuth angle alpha, and obtaining a cross polarization phase phi through scanning betaxyThe corresponding relation of the change with beta.
The fourth step: and determining the structural layout of each super-surface unit on the stealth clothes according to the relation that the transmission phase and the geometric phase obtained in the second step and the linear cross polarization conversion coefficient phase obtained in the third step are changed along with the structural parameter beta, and realizing the modeling of the whole full-polarization stealth clothes.
The fully-polarized carpet stealth coat is in an arbitrary three-dimensional structure and is formed by splicing a plurality of planar super surfaces, and each planar super surface is formed by periodically extending M × N super surface units (basic structure units).
In the basic structural unit (i.e. the super-surface unit), the 3D printing material is ABS-M30 engineering resin with the dielectric constant of epsilonr2.7, the electrical tangent loss tan δ 0.005, and the thickness h 2.5mm of ABS-M30 in consideration of stability and hardness to maintain the ideal shape of the supporting material, thereby ensuring an accurate design phase; the flexible medium plate is an ultrathin polytetrafluoroethylene glass cloth plate (F4B) with the dielectric constant of epsilonr2.65, tan δ of 0.001 and h of 0.1 mm. The dielectric plate and the engineering resin are separately and independently processed through PCB and 3D printing, and the 2-layer dielectric plate is fixed to the ABS-M30 engineering resin through an adhesive during assembly, so that the process overcomes the complexity and difficulty of constructing a thin-film metal structure in a 3D printing material through a liquid metal injection processAnd (4) operability.
Under the action of x-or y-polarized linear waves, the electromagnetic wave components parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the metal strip in the metal arc electric resonator can simultaneously excite two orthogonal modes (A) of the unit||And A⊥). As shown in fig. 2(b), the cross linear polarization r of the cell from the case of the incident angle θ of 0 ° and 45 °xyTwo clearly observable peaks, corresponding to A||And A⊥The two modes are cascaded, so that a broadband efficient cross linear polarization conversion system can be skillfully constructed. Cross linear polarizability r of the superunit at normal incidence, α -45 ° and β -10 °xyThe bandwidth is larger than 0.85 in the range of 8.4-18.9 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 77%. Furthermore, when β changes from 10 ° to 130 °, φ can be implemented in the above-mentioned wide bandxyA maximum phase change of 180 deg. is obtained, so that a continuous change of the parameter beta is chosen to obtain a 180 deg. phase coverage. To satisfy the complete 2 π phase coverage, α can be rotated 90 counterclockwise, and the relay continues to expand the additional 180 ° phase coverage while r isxyThe amplitude remains almost unchanged. Most importantly, the phase response is not sensitive to the angle of incidence θ, as shown in fig. 2(c), the maximum phase difference of the cell is only 15 ° and 20 ° at 14 and 15GHz when θ is varied from 0 ° to 45 °. This diagonally insensitive phase response is particularly advantageous for carpet camouflaging designs at arbitrary boundaries, where phase errors due to different theta are minimized. Although a slight amplitude error is observed at 45 °, all β reflectivities are higher than 0.85, with negligible effect on the amplitude, which is very beneficial for super-surface camouflaged garments to maintain a stable amplitude. FIG. 3 further shows the cell cross-polarization amplitude r at normal incidence and 45 ° oblique incidence over a wide frequency rangexyAnd phase phixyCorresponding relation (phi) varying with betaxyBeta), it can be seen that the cell has very high cross polarization conversion efficiency in the observed broadband frequency range, and the design can be made without considering the amplitude factor. By selecting a specific structural parameter beta, the cell phi can be madexy180 deg. phase coverage is achieved over a very wide bandwidth.
According to the working frequency and bandwidth of the invisible clothes, the design is determinedThe basic structural parameters of the super-surface unit are as follows: let pxAnd pyThe unit's extension periods in the x and y directions, p, respectivelyx＝py5.5mm, 0.4mm, 2.2mm, copper as the etched metal on the dielectric plate, 0.036mm in thickness; period pxAnd pyDetermined by the operating frequency of the cell, px＝pyP, the following relationship is satisfied: p is a radical of>2R. Then, determining the three-dimensional structure of the stealth clothes: firstly, the stealth phase delta under the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves is calculated according to the formula (1)+-And delta-+(ii) a Then, the required phi is synthesized by inversion according to the formula (4)xyAnd alpha; finally, according to phixyAlpha and phixyAnd obtaining the beta distribution and the azimuth angle alpha of each super-surface unit in the stealth clothes through the beta corresponding relation, determining the structure of each super-surface unit on the stealth clothes, and realizing the modeling of the whole full-polarization stealth clothes.
The carpet stealth coat designed by the invention shows excellent electromagnetic stealth performance under the excitation of linear polarized waves, circular polarized waves or elliptical polarized waves with different polarization angles, and has the advantages of arbitrary polarization, arbitrary shape, excellent stealth characteristic, easy assembly and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a functional and design schematic diagram of a fully polarized super surface carpet stealth garment. Wherein, (a) is a function, and (b) is a design schematic diagram.
FIG. 2 is a basic structural unit design and electromagnetic characterization of a fully polarized super surface carpet stealth garment. Wherein, (a) is an electric field distribution diagram of the unit structure corresponding to two modes working at 8.7 GHz and 14 GHz; (b) the unit line cross-polarization reflection amplitude and phase spectra calculated for FDTD at both incidence angles θ 0 ° (left diagram) and θ 45 ° (right diagram) and β 10 ° and β 130 °. (c) The cell line cross polarization reflection amplitude and phase as a function of β calculated for θ 0 ° and 45 ° and FDTD at frequencies of 14GHz (left graph) and 15GHz (right graph). The specific size parameter of the unit is px＝py5.5mm, 0.4mm and 2.2 mm. The 3D printing material has dielectric constant epsilonr2.7, loss tangent tan delta 0.005, thickness h 2.5mm ABS-M30. Upper and lower flexible mediaThe layer is F4B plate with a dielectric constant ∈r2.65, loss tangent tan delta 0.001, and thickness h 0.1 mm.
FIG. 3 shows FDTD calculated cell cross polarization (a, c) amplitudes (| r) at (a, b) vertical and (c, d)45 ° oblique incidencexyI) and (b, d) phases
Figure GDA0002667812120000065
With frequency and parameter beta.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the structure and electromagnetic properties of a Yelu cold PB phase super surface unit for polarization sensitive carpet camouflaging design. Wherein (a) is a non-cellular structure; (b) is a linearly polarized wave of x/y; (c) the electromagnetic property of the lower unit is vertically excited for the circularly polarized wave; (d) the phase distribution of the units on the half super-surface carpet camouflage clothes.
FIG. 5 shows polarization sensitive stealth clothing and electromagnetic properties based on a prior art super-surface method. Wherein, (a) is a PB phase triangle wedge carpet stealth structure consisting of 1 × 30 yarrow cold structure units. The triangular wedge carpet stealth clothes are irradiated by left-handed (left) and right-handed (right) circularly polarized waves, and FDTD simulation calculation is carried out at 10.5GHz to obtain (b) near field results and (c) far field results.
FIG. 6 shows the structure and phase distribution of triangular wedge fully polarized super surface carpet stealth. Wherein, (a) is the structure, and (b) is the phase distribution on half stealth clothes.
FIG. 7 is a drawing showing
Figure GDA0002667812120000061
And
Figure GDA0002667812120000062
and under the vertical incidence of the linearly polarized wave and the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves, the triangular wedge full-polarized super-surface carpet stealth has the electromagnetic stealth characteristic in an xz plane at 14 GHz.
FIG. 8 shows triangular wedge fully polarized super surface carpet stealth in x polarization
Figure GDA0002667812120000063
When the electromagnetic wave is vertically excited, the step length is 0.5GHz within the range of 13-16 GHzAt the same frequency, FDTD within the xz cross section calculates the far-field scattering pattern.
Fig. 9 shows the structure and phase distribution of a 30-degree oblique incidence triangular wedge fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat. Wherein, (a) is the structure, and (b) is the phase distribution on half stealth clothes.
FIG. 10 is a drawing showing
Figure GDA0002667812120000064
And the electromagnetic stealth characteristic of the triangular wedge full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth coat at 14GHz under the condition that the left-handed and right-handed plane circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are obliquely incident along the xz plane at 30 degrees.
FIG. 11 shows the structure and phase distribution of triangular wedge fully-polarized super-surface illusion carpet stealth clothes. Wherein, (a) structure and (b) are phase distribution on half of the cloaking clothes.
FIG. 12 is a drawing showing
Figure GDA0002667812120000071
And under the condition that the left-handed circularly polarized waves and the right-handed circularly polarized waves are vertically incident along an xz plane, the full-wave FDTD simulation electromagnetic stealth characteristic of the fully-polarized triangular wedge super-surface illusion carpet stealth clothes at 14GHz is realized. The inclination angle of the real triangular wedge is psi ═ 30 degrees, and the cross section is L × H ═ 228.6mm × 68.5 mm. The length of the virtual triangular wedge is the same as that of the real wedge, and the inclination angle phi is 15 degrees.
Fig. 13 shows the structure and phase distribution of a one-dimensional trapezoidal fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth. Wherein, (a) is the structure, and (b) is the phase distribution on half stealth clothes.
FIG. 14 is a drawing showing
Figure GDA0002667812120000072
Under the vertical incidence of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves, FDTD full-wave simulation near field and far field results of the one-dimensional trapezoidal super-surface carpet stealth clothes in the xz plane and at the working frequency of 15 GHz.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a one-dimensional trapezoidal fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth in x-polarization
Figure GDA0002667812120000073
When the electromagnetic wave is vertically excited, 0.5GHz is used in the range of 14-17 GHzFDTD within the xz cross section at different frequencies in steps calculates the far-field scatter pattern.
Fig. 16 shows the structure and phase distribution of a two-dimensional trapezoidal fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth. Wherein, (a) structure and (b) are phase distribution on half of the cloaking clothes.
FIG. 17 is a drawing showing
Figure GDA0002667812120000074
Under the vertical incidence of linear polarized waves and left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves, the FDTD full-wave simulation electromagnetic stealth characteristics of the two-dimensional trapezoidal (pyramid) full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth at 15GHz are realized.
FIG. 18 shows two-dimensional trapezoidal total polarization super surface carpet stealth in x polarization
Figure GDA0002667812120000075
When the electromagnetic wave is vertically excited, FDTD in xz (left) and yz (right) cross sections at different frequencies with 0.5GHz as a step length in the range of 14-17 GHz calculates a far-field scattering directional diagram.
Detailed Description
The following five embodiments will detail the specific implementation of the fully-polarized super-surface carpet hidden clothes, including the triangular wedge-polarized sensitive carpet hidden clothes, the triangular wedge-polarized fully-polarized carpet hidden clothes, the triangular wedge-polarized illusion carpet hidden clothes, the one-dimensional trapezoidal fully-polarized carpet hidden clothes and the two-dimensional trapezoidal fully-polarized carpet hidden clothes. The triangular wedge, the one-dimensional trapezoidal platform and the two-dimensional trapezoidal platform are printed on the basis of ABS-M30, and the length of the triangular wedge, the cross section inclination angle psi and the width L are P. The super-surface stealth clothes for wrapping the wedge and the trapezoidal platform are designed by adopting a flexible thin F4B plate and are synthesized into phi based on the methodxyAnd alpha distribution for design modeling. Therefore, the carpet camouflaged garment is a three-dimensional structure compounded by ABS-M30 and a thin F4B flexible medium plate.
1. Design and electromagnetic property of triangular wedge polarization sensitive carpet stealth clothes
In order to reveal and explain the polarization sensitivity problem of the prior super-surface carpet stealth clothes and lay a foundation for the design of the later-stage full-polarization stealth clothes, the polarization-sensitive carpet stealth clothes are firstly designed based on triangular wedge and the electromagnetic stealth characteristics of the carpet stealth clothes are characterized based on CST Microwave Studio software.
Fig. 4 shows the basic super-surface unit and electromagnetic properties for achieving a polarization sensitive carpet camouflaging design, which is a reflective structure consisting of a top layer jersey cold cross metal structure, a middle layer air layer, and a bottom layer metal back plate. The air layer with the middle thickness of 4mm is mainly used for expanding the high-efficiency working bandwidth, and if the mechanical strength and the performance need to be balanced, the medium plate with certain hardness needs to be replaced. In order to ensure the circular polarization conversion efficiency of the unit near 1, the component which does not carry PB phase needs to be suppressed, and r needs to be satisfied during designyy＝rxx＝1，φyy-φxxThe final optimized cell geometry parameters are 180 °: lx＝6,ly＝7.5,lx1＝5,ly1＝4,w1＝1,w20.5 and h 4 mm. As shown in FIG. 4b, here based on a dispersion scattering engineering approach, phi is adjusted by adjusting the three orthogonal rod lengths of the two "H" structuresyyAnd phixxAre approximately equal over a wide band. As shown in FIG. 4c, the cell perfectly achieves φ at 10.5GHz with careful optimizationyy-φxxA circular polarization cross-polarization slew rate of 180 ° and near 1. The high-efficiency circularly polarized reflection amplitude is a necessary condition for keeping amplitude consistency of the cloaking clothes. In addition, the cross polarization conversion rate of the circularly polarized wave reaches more than 90% in the range of 9.7-13.3 GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 34.2% when the working frequency is 10.5 GHz.
The inclination angle of two wedges in the triangular wedge is psi ═ 30 degrees, and the cross section is L × H ═ 312mm × 90mm, and stealth clothing comprises 2 super surface concatenations, and carpet stealth clothing contains 15 units on every wedge. The stealth clothing phase distribution is determined based on a ray tracing phase compensation method, fig. 4d shows the theoretically calculated phase distribution on a half super-surface carpet stealth clothing, and then the azimuth angle α of each spray cooling unit in the space is changed according to a PB phase theory (δ ═ 2 α), so that a final stealth clothing structure diagram can be easily obtained, as shown in fig. 5 a.
The super-surface invisible clothes work at 10.5GHz and are respectively excited by left-handed | + > and right-handed | - > circularly polarized waves. In order to represent the stealth characteristics of the stealth coat under different rotation directions, CST simulation software is adopted to carry out numerical simulation on near field and far field results based on an FDTD method. In order to reduce the calculated amount of the super-surface stealth coat in full-wave FDTD simulation, a periodic boundary condition is set in the y direction to simulate an infinite plane, and an open boundary condition is set in the x direction and the z direction. As shown in fig. 5b and 5c, narrow beams and plane wavefronts consistent with expectations appear at the | wave, indicating that the disorganized scattered field is restored to the phase and amplitude of the plane wave as if the light were directly striking the ground and then being specularly reflected. However, completely different from the situation of | + > wave excitation, the scattered field is completely disordered, and the far field is scattered to four directions in the free space, so that the polarization sensitivity of the traditional super-surface stealth clothes is deeply disclosed.
2. Triangular wedge full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth design and electromagnetic characteristics
Here, the inclination angles of two wedges in the triangular wedge are psi ═ 30 °, the cross section is L × H ═ 228.6mm × 68.5mm, the fully polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat is composed of 2 super-surfaces and completely wraps the metal wedge, each wedge has 24 units on the carpet stealth coat, the theoretical phase distribution diagram of the carpet stealth coat can be calculated according to the design method of the fully polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat, as shown in fig. 6b, the total of 40 super-units are arranged along the y direction for the stealth coat sample, and the corresponding P ═ 220 mm. With this phase distribution, the structure of the carpet camouflaging can be designed finally as shown in fig. 6 a. It can be seen that the structure and orientation of the present invention can be varied with spatial variation. This property ensures that amplitude and phase are recovered simultaneously at all polarizations, which makes the carpet camouflaging garment we have designed different from any previous report. FDTD full wave numerical simulation of a one-dimensional carpet camouflage comprising 1 × 48 cells based on CST sets periodic boundary conditions along 2 sides of the y-axis and open boundaries along four sides of the x and z-axes to reduce the amount of computation. Compared with a bare triangular wedge which is the same in size and is not loaded with the super surface, the stealth characteristic of the super surface is compared, and the full-wave near field and the full-wave far field calculated by FDTD are both results at the target frequency of 14 GHz.
As shown in fig. 7, after the x-polarized, y-polarized and 45 ° polarized linear polarized waves and the | + >, | - > circularly polarized planar electromagnetic waves irradiate the stealth coat, uniform planar reflected wave front and single-mode high directional scattering can be observed, which indicates that the amplitude and phase of the reflected field are both recovered in 5 cases, and are similar to the reflected field of the planar metal floor, and any object placed inside the stealth coat can present a perfect stealth for all polarized waves/light. In contrast, if there is no stealth (bare metal cleft), two tilted wavefronts and two strongly scattered beams are clearly observed, completely different from the mirror image scattering of the ground, the triangular cleft is completely exposed. In addition, the present camouflage garments work properly without affecting performance even at 25 ° oblique incidence, and specular reflection is clearly observed in both the-15 ° and-25 ° directions when θ is 15 ° and 25 °. The super-surface unit can work normally even at non-normal incidence according to the phase characteristic of angle insensitivity, but when the incidence angle theta is increased to a certain degree, a large substantial phase error is generated, and the performance of the stealth clothes is rapidly deteriorated at the moment, because the compensation phase delta generated by the unit is related to theta.
To illustrate the working bandwidth of the triangular wedge fully polarized super surface carpet stealth, fig. 8 shows the far field scattering pattern of x-polarized electromagnetic waves at normal incidence. It can be seen that the stealth clothes can clearly observe a single-mode high-directional backscattering mode within the range of 13.5-15.5 GHz (the absolute bandwidth is 2GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 14.2%), and compared with the existing super-surface stealth clothes method, the stealth clothes have considerable working bandwidth. The above-mentioned specular reflection effect is not deteriorated until 13GHz (lower edge) and 16GHz (upper edge), and appears as a peak divided into two, which is clearly different from the specular reflection of a metal flat plate, and an object is detected from the background. Since the theoretical compensation phase is designed at the central operating frequency and the unit phase is dispersive, the phase error causes the stealth performance to be drastically deteriorated at the above-mentioned edge frequency which is far from the central operating frequency.
The triangular wedge full-polarization super-surface stealth clothes can also be specially designed to work under large-angle oblique incidence, for verification, a 30-degree oblique incidence full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth clothes is designed, and the required phase distribution and the structure of the super-surface stealth clothes are shown in fig. 9. Fig. 10 shows FDTD simulated near-field and far-field results of the cloaking at 14GHz for x, y polarized linear waves and | + >, | - > circularly polarized waves illuminated at an oblique incidence of θ ═ 30 °. It can be seen that the scattered waves in all polarization situations are emitted from an angle of-30 degrees in the form of plane waves, which shows that the incident waves are subjected to mirror image scattering after being irradiated to the stealth clothes, and the side lobes of the far-field scattering directional diagram in all situations are very small and are obviously inhibited, so that a very pure single-mode high-orientation working mode is ensured.
3. Design and electromagnetic characteristic of triangular wedge full-polarization illusion carpet stealth clothes
In order to further verify the robustness of the method, the magic carpet stealth clothes for simulating the scattering of any object based on the triangular wedge platform is designed below, the magic carpet stealth clothes are formed by splicing 2 super surfaces and are formed by 48 basic units along the x direction, and each wedge comprises 24 basic units. The virtual electromagnetic target to be simulated is likewise a triangular wedge and has the same length L of 228.6mm, but an inclination angle ψ of 15 ° (H of 34.2 mm). Also, the phase distribution is first theoretically calculated, see fig. 11. Fig. 12 shows the results of FDTD simulation calculation of the phantom carpet stealth clothes with the triangular wedge points, and both the near field and far field results show that the reflection wavefront and the wave beam of the phantom stealth clothes under y polarization, 45-degree linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization are almost the same as those of the virtual low-inclination triangular wedge points, and the phantom stealth clothes show excellent phantom performance. The scattered beam points at + -30 deg., and the accurate mirror reflection angle 2 psi for the virtual triangular wedge, while the reflected beam of the real bare triangular wedge from which the super-surface stealth coat is removed points at + -60 deg.. The electromagnetic camouflage effect of the illusive camouflaged garment makes the radar unable to recognize the real physical shape of the target and misdirect it into any carefully designed virtual target. It is emphasized that any other complex electromagnetic shape of the scattering features can be pre-designed under all polarization conditions, as long as the phase difference to be compensated between real and virtual objects can be reasonably estimated.
4. Design and electromagnetic property of one-dimensional trapezoidal full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth clothes
Designing a super-surface stealth coat on a one-dimensional trapezoidal platform, wherein the inclined angle of the inclined plane of the one-dimensional trapezoidal platform is psi ═ 22.5 degrees, and the top length L of the cross section1143mm, bottom length L2387mm and a height H of 50.5 mm. Super surperficial carpet stealth clothing comprises 3 super surperficial concatenations, and every inclined plane contains 24 basic units along the x direction, and the top contains 26 basic units, contains 40 basic units along the y direction, and corresponding P is 220 mm. Due to the difference in thickness between the top (h 2.7mm) and the four sides (h 2.5mm) ABS-M30, the induced phase difference was 13 ° at 15GHz, compensated for at design time.
FIG. 13a shows a block diagram of a fully polarized super surface carpet stealth design based on the theoretical calculation of phase distribution of FIG. 13b, wrapped snugly on a one-dimensional trapezoidal platform. In the FDTD performance characterization of the stealth coat, electromagnetic waves with any polarization are selected to irradiate a target and the stealth coat along an xz plane. As shown in fig. 14, under the irradiation of x, y and 45 ° linear polarization and | + >, | - > circular polarized waves, it can be clearly observed that the intensities of all plane wavefronts in the near-field result of the stealth coat are almost the same, which indicates that the amplitude and phase of the reflected field disturbed by the one-dimensional trapezoidal platform are well recovered and almost identical to the scattering characteristics of the metal floor with the same size. From the far-field scatter pattern, it can be seen that the scatter beam in all cases appears as a single sharp beam, and the other modes are completely suppressed, further verifying the conclusion drawn by the near field. However, when the super-surface camouflaged garment of the present invention was removed, both near field and far field results showed backward direction, three modes (beams) were present in the-45 ° and 45 ° directions, and the floor mirror pattern was severely distorted, showing multi-beam mirror scattering of three of the bare trapezoidal faces.
Fig. 15 shows the electromagnetic stealth characteristics of the one-dimensional trapezoidal super-surface carpet stealth garment at other operating frequencies. It can be seen that the stealth clothes can well keep single-mode backward mirror scattering in the range of 14.5-16.5 GHz (absolute bandwidth 2 GHz). However, at the 14 and 17GHz edge frequencies, the sharp beams produce large fluctuations, indicating a degradation of stealth capability for the same reasons as discussed previously.
5. Design and electromagnetic property of two-dimensional trapezoidal full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth clothes
It will be demonstrated that the one-dimensional trapezoidal fully-polarized super-surface carpet stealth garment of the present invention can be further extended to two dimensions. Therefore, the invention designs 5 super surfaces on the two-dimensional trapezoidal platform to form the whole carpet stealth coat. As shown in fig. 16, the inclination angle ψ of four sides of the two-dimensional trapezoid is 22.5 °, the height H is 44.5mm, and the length of four top sides is L166mm, four base sides length L2280.9 mm. The top end face of the invisible clothes is provided with 144 basic units, and the other four side faces are provided with 635 gold-based units. Due to the difference in thickness of the top (h 2.7mm) and four sides (h 2.5mm) ABS-M30, the induced phase difference at 15GHz was 19 °, which was additionally compensated by the cell phase at the time of initial design. Modeling of all cells on the four side-tilted trapezoids is based on coordinates calculated by mathematical calculation software and CST macro code, with strict control of automatic execution (CAD design). In FDTD calculation of two-dimensional stealth performance, all boundaries are set as open conditions.
In order to carry out comprehensive characterization, the invention provides a full-wave simulation result obtained by irradiating 5 different polarized plane waves in two main planes of xz and yz. As shown in fig. 17, an ideal plane wavefront can be observed in all polarizations, and the reflection intensity on both principal surfaces is almost the same. Very minor wavefront distortions (perturbations) in the near-field results are caused by non-uniform scattering amplitudes produced by the top and side elements. However, this slightly degraded amplitude consistency does not have a large impact on stealth performance, which can be further verified from a single backscatter mode in the far field, with specular scattering in all polarizations indicating good recovery of the two-dimensional trapezoidal disturbed wavefront. To further illustrate the working bandwidth of the two-dimensional trapezoidal stealth garment, fig. 18 shows a far-field FDTD simulation directional diagram of the stealth garment in the xz and yz planes with 0.5GHz as a step length in the range of 14-17 GHz. It can be seen that almost the same uniform pencil beam is observed at all frequencies. Compared with the one-dimensional situation, the two-dimensional stealth clothes are low in height, short in optical path needing compensation and small in phase difference, so that the working bandwidth is wider (the absolute bandwidth is 3GHz), the phase error is smaller, and the frequency sensitivity is lower.

Claims (3)

1. A design method of a fully polarized super-surface carpet stealth coat is characterized in that the stealth coat is in any three-dimensional structure and is formed by splicing a plurality of plane super-surfaces; each plane super surface consists of M × N super surface unit period extensions; each super-surface unit comprises an upper-layer flexible medium plate, a middle-layer 3D printing material and a lower-layer flexible medium plate; one side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate comprises a metal arc electric resonator, and the other side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate is totally corroded; one surface of the upper layer flexible medium plate is all metallic, and the other surface is all corroded; an included angle alpha between the metal arc electric resonator on the planar super surface and the x axis is also called an azimuth angle, and alpha is 45 degrees; the shape of the metal arc electric resonator is in a central symmetry I-shaped shape, the middle part is a metal straight strip, and the two ends are respectively a metal arc with the radius of R; the corresponding opening angles of the two metal arc ends are equal and are marked as beta, and the connecting line of the two metal arc ends is vertical to the middle metal strip; the widths of the middle metal strip and the metal arc are equal and are marked as d; the structural parameters and the azimuth angle of the metal arc electric resonator change along with different unit space positions, and are specifically designed and determined by a full-polarization super-surface carpet stealth method;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the geometric shape of the three-dimensional cloaking clothes, discretizing the three-dimensional cloaking clothes according to the super surface unit period, and then calculating the space phase distribution of the cloaking clothes based on the ray tracing theory
The basic basis of the design of the stealth coat is a phase compensation method, a reference surface is determined firstly, the phase of the reference surface is taken as a zero phase, then the distance between each super-surface unit of the three-dimensional stealth coat and the reference surface is calculated, and finally the stealth phase needing compensation under specific polarization of each super-surface unit, namely the spatial phase distribution delta, is calculated according to a formula (1):
δ＝π-2k0[f(x)-g(x)]cos(θ) (1)
here, f (x) represents the geometry of the stealth target, g (x) is the virtual stealth target that one wishes to achieve, and for carpet stealth, g (x) is the constant horizontal plane, k0＝2π/λ0Is the wave vector of free space, λ0Is the working wavelength, theta is the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave; the phase distribution delta and the design frequency f to be compensated in the above formula0The polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave is closely related;
the second step is that: providing a complete polarization stealth solution based on a rotation direction decoupling method, establishing a mixed phase rotation direction decoupling method based on a geometric phase and a transmission phase under cross polarization conversion, and inverting the transmission phase and the geometric phase based on the spatial phase distribution of the stealth clothing calculated in the first step
Under the excitation of left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, the phase distribution delta required by the carpet stealth can be calculated according to the first step+-(ii) a Under the excitation of right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, the phase distribution delta required by the carpet stealth can be calculated according to the first step-+(ii) a Establishing a method to design the super surface, so that the phase and the function of the super surface are decoupled under the excitation of the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, and the geometrical phase and the transmission phase are combined to ensure that the super surface can simultaneously realize the stealth phase calculated by the formula (1) under the left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave and the right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, so that the complete polarization electromagnetic stealth is finally realized;
according to the phase decoupling theory under the states of left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves and right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in the linear main polarization and cross linear polarization systems, a basic design criterion is provided for the full polarization stealth under a reflection system; under a reflection system, the specific electromagnetic characteristics of the super-surface unit are characterized by a Jones matrix:
Figure FDA0003338388590000021
here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Figure FDA0003338388590000022
and rxxRespectively showing x-polarized reflected phase and amplitude spectra under x-polarized wave excitation,
Figure FDA0003338388590000023
and ryxRespectively representing y-polarization reflections under excitation of x-ray polarization wavesThe frequency spectrum of the phase and amplitude is,
Figure FDA0003338388590000024
and rxyRespectively showing x-polarized reflected phase and amplitude spectra under excitation by a y-polarized wave,
Figure FDA0003338388590000025
and ryyRespectively representing y-polarization reflection phase and amplitude frequency spectrums under the excitation of y-linear polarization waves, wherein the phases are related to unit structure parameters and are called transmission phases; in a cartesian coordinate system, assuming that the super-surface unit rotates by an angle α with respect to its center coordinate, the reflection jones matrix R (α) under the linear polarization basis is expressed as:
R(α)＝S-1(α)×R×S(α)，
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003338388590000026
meanwhile, a circular polarization base lower reflection Jones matrix RcThe relation between (alpha) and the reflection Jones matrix R (alpha) under the linear polarization base satisfies the following conditions:
Rc(α)＝Λ-1·R(α)·Λ，
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003338388590000027
for reciprocal systems, the rotation and mirror symmetry are not broken, with ryx＝rxyAnd
Figure FDA0003338388590000028
further obtaining a circular polarization base lower reflection Jones matrix:
Figure FDA0003338388590000029
equation (2) illustrates the simultaneous introduction of the geometric phase (e)-2αj) And transmission phase
Figure FDA00033383885900000210
Can make delta+-And delta-+Complete decoupling is achieved;
for a linear co-polarized system, the super-surface unit is in mirror symmetry along the x and y axes, has no cross polarization, and r isyx≈rxyIs approximately equal to 0 to obtain rxx≈ryy1 is approximately distributed; in addition, to obtain high cross-spin conversion efficiency determined by linear co-polarization coefficient, the spin component carrying the geometric phase should be 1, and the remaining spin component r++And r--Is 0; in consideration of these factors, let
Figure FDA00033383885900000211
Equation (2) will be further simplified to:
Figure FDA0003338388590000031
thus, the transmission phase and the geometric phase which are needed by stealth in the state of double rotation can be inverted:
Figure FDA0003338388590000032
Figure FDA0003338388590000033
Figure FDA0003338388590000034
for cross-polarized systems, there is no mirror symmetry, rxx≈ryy0, immediately obtain:
Figure FDA0003338388590000035
the rotary decoupling efficiency is determined by the linear cross linear polarization conversion efficiency; simultaneously realizing the linear cross polarization reflection phase required by stealth in the states of left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves
Figure FDA0003338388590000036
And the geometric phase is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003338388590000037
Figure FDA0003338388590000038
the third step: synthesizing a reflection super-surface unit meeting the requirement of rotation decoupling under the condition of linear cross polarization, and selecting specific structural parameters to ensure that the linear cross polarization reflection phase under the x/y polarization
Figure FDA00033383885900000311
All reach 180 degrees of coverage to obtain linear cross polarization reflection phase
Figure FDA0003338388590000039
Relationship as a function of the structural parameter beta
Under the condition of on-line cross polarization, synthesizing to obtain a reflection super-surface unit meeting the rotation decoupling, and using the reflection super-surface unit as a basic structural unit of the fully-polarized carpet stealth coat design; the basic structure is a metal-insulator-metal type reflecting unit which is composed of an upper layer flexible thin PCB medium plate, a lower layer flexible thin PCB medium plate and a 3D printing polymer clamped in the middle; one side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate comprises a metal arc electric resonator, and the other side of the upper layer flexible dielectric plate is totally corroded; one side of the lower flexible medium plate is all metallic, and the other side is all corroded;
here, the basic structural parameters of the unit are determined from the operating frequency, then the parameter β is chosen to obtain a 180 ° phase coverage, the remaining 180 ° phase coverage being obtained by rotationRotating the azimuth angle alpha to relay, and obtaining the cross polarization phase by scanning beta
Figure FDA00033383885900000310
A correspondence that varies with β;
the fourth step: determining the structural layout of each super-surface unit on the stealth clothes according to the relation that the transmission phase and the geometric phase obtained in the second step and the linear cross polarization conversion coefficient phase obtained in the third step are changed along with the structural parameter beta, and realizing the modeling of the whole full-polarization stealth clothes
First, to integrate the stealth phase delta under left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized waves+-And delta-+Synthesizing the results of the equations (1), (4a, 4b)
Figure FDA0003338388590000041
And alpha; then, according to
Figure FDA0003338388590000042
The beta distribution of each unit in the invisible clothes is obtained through the corresponding relation; finally, the azimuth of the cell is determined from α.
2. The method for designing a fully polarized carpet stealth garment according to claim 1, wherein the basic structural parameters of the super surface unit are determined according to the design of the operating frequency of the stealth garment as follows: p is a radical ofx＝py5.5mm, 0.4mm, 2.2mm, copper as the etched metal on the dielectric plate, 0.036mm in thickness, px＝pyP, and satisfies the following relationship: p is a radical of>2R; p is a length constant, pxAnd pyRespectively the extension periods of the super surface unit in the x direction and the y direction;
then, determining the three-dimensional structure of the stealth clothes: firstly, the stealth phase delta under the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves is calculated according to the formula (1)+-And delta-+(ii) a Then, the required one is synthesized by inversion according to the formula (4)
Figure FDA0003338388590000043
And alpha; finally, according to
Figure FDA0003338388590000044
α and
Figure FDA0003338388590000045
and obtaining the beta distribution and the azimuth angle alpha of each super-surface unit in the stealth clothes according to the corresponding relation, determining the structure of each super-surface unit on the stealth clothes, and realizing the modeling of the whole full-polarization stealth clothes.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed material is ABS-M30 engineering resin with a dielectric constant of ∈ and the design method of fully polarized super surface carpet camouflage clothingr2.7, the electric tangent loss tan delta is 0.005, and the thickness h is 2.5 mm; the flexible medium plate is a polytetrafluoroethylene glass cloth plate with a dielectric constant of epsilonr2.65 tangent loss tan delta 0.001 and thickness h 0.1 mm.
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