CN111834726A - Broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio - Google Patents
Broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio Download PDFInfo
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio, which comprises a lambda/4 impedance converter arranged in front of a power division node and a plurality of broadband impedance conversion networks which are arranged behind the power division node and connected in parallel; the lambda/4 impedance converter is used for reducing the input impedance value at the power dividing node and introducing an in-band pole so as to simultaneously improve the power dividing ratio and the bandwidth of the power divider; and the broadband impedance conversion network is used for forming each filtering power division branch together with the lambda/4 impedance converter so as to realize filtering and power distribution in a broadband range together. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high power division ratio, wide bandwidth and filtering power division implantation. The invention can be expanded into a multi-path high power division ratio filtering power divider, and can be used in a feed network of an array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power dividers, in particular to a broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio.
Background
The feed network is an integral part of most antenna arrays for transferring and distributing energy from the feed port to each antenna element with a desired power distribution and phase distribution. In the design of the feed network, the unequal power divider is often used to improve the performance of the antenna array, such as reducing side lobes, controlling beams, and the like.
Currently, there are three main methods for designing unequal power dividers. The first method is to design a lambda/4 impedance converter in each power dividing branch to realize unequal power distribution, which can improve the power dividing ratio to a certain extent, but the power dividing ratio is limited by the practical machinable line width, and the bandwidth decreases as the power dividing ratio increases; the second method is to design the electrical length of the transmission line so as to design the power dividing ratio, which reduces the requirement of the circuit on the impedance value, but the scheme can only consider the power dividing and matching condition at the center frequency, and the designed unequal power divider has narrower bandwidth; the third method is to use a coupling structure to replace a lambda/4 impedance converter or use a coupling matrix method to design an unequal power divider, and because of the inherent narrow-band characteristic of the coupling structure, the bandwidth of the unequal power divider generally does not exceed 10%. Therefore, the three typical design methods mentioned above are not suitable for designing a broadband unequal power divider with a high power ratio.
In summary, unequal power dividers have been developed. But broadband unequal power dividers with high power ratio are still hot research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio, and aims to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth and low power division ratio of the conventional power divider.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio comprises a lambda/4 impedance converter arranged in front of a power division node and a plurality of broadband impedance conversion networks which are arranged behind the power division node and connected in parallel;
the lambda/4 impedance converter is used for reducing the input impedance value at the power dividing node and introducing an in-band pole;
the broadband impedance conversion network is used for forming each filtering power division branch together with the lambda/4 impedance converter, and filtering and power distribution in a broadband range are achieved together.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) by introducing the lambda/4 impedance converter, the input impedance value at the power division node is reduced, an in-band pole is introduced, the power division ratio and the bandwidth of the power divider are improved, and the power divider has the advantages of high power division ratio, wide bandwidth and simple structure; 2) the specific structure of the impedance conversion network is not limited, and the impedance conversion network can be any broadband circuit structure with an impedance conversion function; 3) the power divider can be expanded into a multi-path high power division ratio filtering power divider and can be used in a feed network of an array antenna.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wideband filtering power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent wideband filter of the novel wideband filtering power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of an initial circuit model of the novel wideband filter power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the novel wideband filtering power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a layout size diagram of the novel 4:1 broadband filtering power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an S parameter simulation and test result of the layout of the novel 4:1 broadband filtering power divider in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of simulation and test results of the amplitude difference at the output port of the novel 4:1 broadband filtering power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a conventional wideband filtering power divider according to an embodiment.
Fig. 9 is an amplitude response diagram of the novel wideband filtering power divider of the present invention and the conventional wideband filtering power divider when the power ratio is 2:1 in one embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a graph of maximum power division ratio coefficients that can be achieved by the novel wideband filtering power divider and the conventional wideband filtering power divider respectively under different bandwidths in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
In an embodiment, with reference to fig. 1, a wideband filtering power divider capable of achieving a high power division ratio is provided, including a λ/4 impedance converter disposed in front of a power division node and a plurality of wideband impedance conversion networks disposed in parallel behind the power division node;
the lambda/4 impedance converter is used for reducing the input impedance value at the power dividing node and introducing an in-band pole;
the broadband impedance conversion network is used for forming each filtering power division branch together with the lambda/4 impedance converter, and filtering and power distribution in a broadband range are achieved together.
Further, in one embodiment, the impedance of the λ/4 impedance converter is less than 50 Ω.
Further, in one embodiment, the broadband impedance transformation network comprises a plurality of λ/4 transmission lines and a plurality of λ/4 short-circuit lines.
Further, in one embodiment, the broadband impedance conversion network includes two λ/4 transmission lines and two λ/4 short-circuit lines, the λ/4 impedance converter is connected to the output port of the power divider via the two λ/4 transmission lines in sequence, one λ/4 short-circuit line is located between the λ/4 impedance converter and one λ/4 transmission line and is grounded, and the other λ/4 short-circuit line is located between the other λ/4 transmission line and the output port and is grounded.
The design idea of the invention is as follows: fig. 2 shows a typical wideband filter circuit, which has three λ/4 transmission lines and two λ/4 short-circuit lines. The circuit can be designed quantitatively by filter synthesis methods. First, the amplitude response is obtained by calculating the overall ABCD matrix of the filter circuit
Wherein, Fcir(B-C)/2(B and C are elements of the ABCD matrix of the circuit as a whole), the computational reduction is:
in the formula, hj(j-0-4) is related to the impedance value ZC,Z11,Z12,Z13And Z14Function of hj＝f(Zc,Z11,Z12,Z13,Z14) θ is the electrical length of λ/4 line, θ is π/2 at the center frequency;
ideal chebyshev response
Is determined by the following formula:
wherein, FrefIs cosi(θ) (i ═ 0-4) polynomial function, equal ripple factor, variable α defined as 1/cos (θ)c)，θcElectrical length at a lower cutoff frequency;
the relationship between the return loss RL and:
bandwidths FBW and θcThe relationship of (1) is:
FBW＝(180-2θc)/90
in order to make the amplitude response of the proposed filter circuit identical to the ideal chebyshev-like ripple amplitude response, the function is applied
And
simultaneous equality, equivalent to function FcirAnd FrefCos of (a)iThe coefficients before (θ) (i-0-4) are equal to each other:
h0＝
h3＝h4＝0
solving the multivariable equation system, and finally solving the impedance value (Z) of the filter circuit under the condition that the bandwidth and return loss of the filter are knownC,Z11,Z12,Z13And Z14). That is, the impedance values of the various parts of the wideband filter can be uniquely determined given the known bandwidth and return loss.
It should be noted that the impedance value Z is between 60% and 110% when the bandwidth is betweencAlways less than 50 omega. In the following design of unequal power dividers, Z is set to be equal to Z by utilizing the characteristiccAn impedance converter designed as a first section of unequal power divider. By adopting the deviceOn the one hand due to ZcLess than 50 omega, effectively reducing the input impedance Z at the power splitting node (P) by impedance transformationPThereby improving the power dividing ratio; on the other hand, the lambda/4 impedance converter ZcAn extra in-band pole is introduced, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the power divider. ZcThe characteristic of always less than 50 Ω is necessary for the unequal power divider to achieve high power ratio. The advantage of using this filter topology is that not only can the desired filter response (bandwidth and return loss) be designed quantitatively, but also an appropriate impedance value Z is provided for the unequal power dividers that achieve high power ratiosc。
Referring to fig. 3, a diagram of an initial circuit model of the novel wideband filtering power divider of the present invention is shown. First a lambda/4 line ZcFor reducing the input impedance at the power splitting node; then two transformers N1And N2In two branches on the right side of the power division node, respectively, a transformer N1And N2And the two circuits are respectively connected with an impedance network 1 and an impedance network 2, and the two circuits jointly form an initial circuit model of the novel filtering power divider. Value N of a two-branch transformer with a known power division ratio k1And N2It was also determined that the relationship between them was respectively
And
then the transformer N is connected1And N2The impedance values of the corresponding branches are blended, and the impedance value Z of the optimized branch 1 is obtained through optimizationm(m 1-4) and the impedance value Z of the optimization branch 2n(n-5-8) as shown in fig. 4. Line Z of lambda/4cAnd the optimized branches 1 and 2 are connected to form an integral circuit diagram of the broadband filtering power divider.
As a specific example, in one embodiment, the broadband filtering power divider of the present invention is further described. The power divider in this example is a 4:1 broadband filtering power divider based on Ro with a relative dielectric constant of 3.55 and a thickness of 0.813mmgers4003C is realized by a medium plate, and the impedance value of all ports is 50 omega. The preset indexes of the power divider are as follows: the center frequency is 1.8GHz, the relative bandwidth FBW is 100%, and the return loss RL is 15 dB. The specific size of the layout is finally obtained by performing simulation and optimization in the ADS software, as shown in FIG. 5. With reference to FIG. 4, the impedance values of the broadband filtering power divider are Zc, Zm(m-1-4) and Zn(n-5-8). Wherein, the lambda/4 impedance converter ZcImpedance line Z corresponding to the first transmission line and forming broadband impedance conversion network1，Z2，Z5And Z6Corresponding to the second transmission line, the third transmission line, the fourth transmission line and the fifth transmission line, respectively. Short circuit line Z forming broadband impedance conversion network3，Z4，Z7And Z8Corresponding to the first short-circuit line, the second short-circuit line, the third short-circuit line and the fourth short-circuit line, respectively. In order to make the overall structure of the circuit more compact, the transmission line needs to be bent to some extent. The optimized dimensions are expressed in (unit: mm): width w of the first transmission line0Length l 4.1028; the second transmission line is bent into an 'n' -shape with a width w13.22, the length of each "n" type segment is l1＝5.77、l2＝6.1、l33.8, the cutting angle length t of the two bottom ends of the n-shaped inner side1＝t23.19; the third transmission line is bent into a straight line shape plus an n shape with a width w22.22, the other end of the first line is connected with a second transmission line, and the length of the first line is l45.83, the "n" type three segments are each l in length5＝3.37、l6＝6、l73.85, the cutting angle lengths of the left bottom end and the right bottom end of the n-shaped inner side are respectively t3＝2.2、t41.5; the fourth transmission line is bent into a U shape with a width w50.49, the length of each of the three U-shaped segments is l8＝5.6、l9＝11.56、l102.6; the fifth transmission line is bent into a shape of a Chinese character 'yi' + 'U', and has a width w61.25, the length of a word "one" is l115.17, the other end is connected with a fourth transmission line, and the chamfer length t outside the connection part51.41, the three-segment length of the 'U' shape is divided intoIs other than12＝6.95、l136.97 and l146.45, the length t of the cutting angle of the top end of the U-shaped inner side6＝t71.41; the first short circuit line is bent into L shape with width w32.4, the two sections of the L-shaped part are m in length respectively1＝10、m216.8 and the length of the short-circuit line is m1The part of the antenna which is 10 is connected with a transmission line; the second short circuit line is bent into L shape with width w40.75, the two lengths of the L-shaped part are m3＝10、m417.2 and the length of the short-circuit line is m3The part of the antenna which is 10 is connected with a transmission line; the third short circuit line is bent into an L shape with a width w72.4, the two sections of the L-shaped part are m in length respectively5＝10、m618.5 and the length of the short-circuit line is m5The part of the antenna which is 10 is connected with a transmission line; the fourth short circuit line is bent into an L shape with a width w81.6, the two sections of the L-shaped part are m in length respectively7＝10、m815.5, and the length of the short-circuit line is m7The portion 10 connects the transmission lines.
Fig. 6 is a comparison between simulation and test results of the S parameter of the wideband filtering power divider according to this embodiment. Bandwidth aspect, | S of simulation results11|<-10dB Bandwidth range 0.87-2.74GHz (103.3%), test results | S11|<The bandwidth range of-10 dB is 0.86-2.72GHz (103.9%), and the minimum return loss of simulation and test results is 14dB and 13dB, respectively, which are basically consistent with the preset bandwidths FBW being 100% and RL being 15 dB. In the aspect of power division ratio, the power division ratio range of the in-band frequency point of the simulation result is 3.8-4.3, the power division ratio range of the in-band frequency point of the test result is 3.7-4, the test result and the simulation result are well matched, and the test result and the simulation result are basically matched with the preset in-band power division ratio of 4.
FIG. 7 is a comparison of simulation and test results of the amplitude difference between two output ports of the broadband filtering power divider, where the output port P is2And P3The simulation and test amplitude difference of the test is respectively 6 +/-0.34 dB and 5.8 +/-0.32 dB, and both are basically consistent with the preset amplitude difference of 6.02 dB.
To further demonstrate the advantages of the present invention, this embodiment is compared with the conventional wideband filter power divider. Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a conventional broadband filtering power divider, and for the sake of comparative fairness, the broadband impedance conversion network structure in the conventional power divider is the same as the novel broadband impedance conversion network structure, and is composed of a plurality of λ/4 lines and short-circuit lines. Compared with the structure of the traditional broadband filtering power divider, the novel broadband filtering power divider introduces one more lambda/4 line, so that the amplitude response of the novel filtering power divider is increased by one more in-band pole compared with the traditional broadband filtering power divider, and the bandwidth of the power divider is effectively improved. Another important aspect is that the lambda/4 line also reduces the input impedance value at the power dividing node, and improves the power dividing ratio of the power divider.
In terms of bandwidth, fig. 9 shows the amplitude response curve when the power division ratio of the novel broadband filtering power divider of the present invention is 2:1 compared with the conventional broadband filtering power divider, and the novel broadband filtering power divider has one more pole compared with the conventional broadband filtering power divider, and the one more pole is the quarter-wavelength line Z additionally introduced by the aforementionedcThe novel broadband filtering power divider can realize a filtering power divider with wider bandwidth.
In terms of power division ratio, the present embodiment shows a broadband filtering power divider with a power division ratio of 4:1, but in practice, the present invention can achieve a larger power division ratio. Generally, the maximum power ratio of the power divider is limited by the range of the achievable impedance value, the range of the impedance value is usually limited between 25 Ω and 150 Ω, and in this range, the relationship curve between the maximum power ratio coefficient and the bandwidth of the novel broadband filtering power divider and the traditional broadband filtering power divider is shown in fig. 10, and it can be known from the figure that for the traditional broadband filtering power divider, the range of the achievable bandwidth is 60% to 88%, and the maximum achievable power ratio at the bandwidth of 60% is 2; the bandwidth of the novel broadband filtering power divider is 88% to 110%, the maximum achievable power ratio is 9 at the position of 88% of the bandwidth, and the maximum achievable power ratio and the bandwidth of the novel broadband filtering power divider are higher than those of the traditional broadband filtering power divider. Therefore, the novel broadband filtering power divider can realize wider bandwidth and higher power ratio, and meanwhile, the filtering function is implanted.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of high power-division ratio, wide bandwidth, filtering power division implantation and the like. The invention can be expanded into a multi-path high power division ratio filtering power divider, and is used in a feed network of an array antenna.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio is characterized by comprising a lambda/4 impedance converter arranged in front of a power division node and a plurality of broadband impedance conversion networks which are arranged behind the power division node and connected in parallel;
the lambda/4 impedance converter is used for reducing the input impedance value at the power dividing node and introducing an in-band pole;
the broadband impedance conversion network is used for forming each filtering power division branch together with the lambda/4 impedance converter, and filtering and power distribution in a broadband range are achieved together.
2. The wideband filtering power divider capable of achieving high power division ratio of claim 1, wherein the impedance of the λ/4 impedance converter is less than 50 Ω.
3. The wideband filtering power divider capable of achieving high power division ratio of claim 1, wherein the wideband impedance transformation network comprises a plurality of λ/4 transmission lines and a plurality of λ/4 short-circuited lines.
4. The broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio according to claim 1, wherein the broadband impedance conversion network comprises two λ/4 transmission lines and two λ/4 short-circuit lines, the λ/4 impedance converter is connected to the output port of the power divider sequentially through the two λ/4 transmission lines, one λ/4 short-circuit line is located between the λ/4 impedance converter and one λ/4 transmission line and is grounded, and the other λ/4 short-circuit line is located between the other λ/4 transmission line and the output port and is grounded.
5. A broadband filtering power divider capable of realizing high power division ratio according to claim 1, wherein the power divider is realized based on Rogers4003C dielectric plates with relative dielectric constant of 3.55 and thickness of 0.813 mm.
6. The wideband filtering power divider capable of achieving a high power division ratio according to claim 1, wherein impedance values of all ports of the power divider are 50 Ω.
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