CN111834638B - Gas diffusion electrode, preparation method and electrolysis device - Google Patents
Gas diffusion electrode, preparation method and electrolysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111834638B CN111834638B CN201910317929.XA CN201910317929A CN111834638B CN 111834638 B CN111834638 B CN 111834638B CN 201910317929 A CN201910317929 A CN 201910317929A CN 111834638 B CN111834638 B CN 111834638B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/861—Porous electrodes with a gradient in the porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8875—Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a gas diffusion electrode, a preparation method and an electrolysis device, belongs to the technical field of electrolysis, and can at least partially solve the problems of low mechanical strength, low generated electrochemical reaction strength and small electrode area of the conventional gas diffusion electrode. The gas diffusion electrode comprises a conductive framework with a porous structure and a connecting part for filling the holes, wherein irregular gas channels are formed in the connecting part, the main material of the connecting part is a hydrophobic material, and a catalytic active substance is dispersed in the main material of the connecting part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolysis, and particularly relates to a gas diffusion electrode, a preparation method of the gas diffusion electrode and an electrolysis device.
Background
Electronic gases (e.g., hydride gases) can be synthesized by electrochemical methods. Specifically, a gas diffusion electrode is provided in the electrolytic apparatus. Hydrogen is provided on one side of the gas diffusion electrode and an electrolyte is provided on the other side of the gas diffusion electrode. The gas diffusion electrode, for example, allows only hydrogen gas to diffuse to the opposite side, where the hydrogen gas electrochemically reacts with the electrolyte. The gas diffusion electrode does not allow the electrolyte to penetrate to the opposite side.
Common gas diffusion electrodes are of a layered structure, i.e. composed of a current-collecting conductive layer (mainly used to achieve the conductive function), a catalytic layer (catalyzing the reaction), a waterproof and gas-permeable layer (blocking the permeation of electrolyte and allowing the diffusion of hydrogen). This type of gas diffusion electrode has problems of low mechanical strength, low strength of electrochemical reaction to occur, and small electrode area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention at least partially solves the problems of low mechanical strength, low generated electrochemical reaction strength and small electrode area of the existing gas diffusion electrode, and provides a gas diffusion electrode, a preparation method of the gas diffusion electrode and an electrolysis device.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problem is that the gas diffusion electrode comprises a conductive framework with a porous structure and a connecting part for filling the holes, wherein irregular gas channels are formed in the connecting part, the main material of the connecting part is a hydrophobic material, and a catalytic active substance is dispersed in the main material of the connecting part.
Optionally, the conductive skeleton is selected from any one of foamed nickel, stainless steel mesh and nickel mesh.
Optionally, the host material of the connection is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene or perfluorosulfonic acid.
Optionally, the catalytically active material is selected from carbon black loaded platinum catalytic materials or carbon nanotube loaded platinum catalytic materials.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problem of the invention is a preparation method of a gas diffusion electrode, which is used for preparing the gas diffusion electrode and comprises the following steps:
coating slurry containing pore-forming agent, hydrophobic material and catalytic active substance on the conductive skeleton with porous structure, so that the slurry is filled into the pores of the conductive skeleton;
and curing and pore-forming the slurry to obtain the connecting part and the irregular gas channel.
Optionally, the pore-forming agent is a surfactant, and the surfactant comprises triton.
Optionally, the curing and pore-forming process comprises the steps of:
cold pressing the slurry to enable the hydrophobic material to be in a solid state to wrap the conductive framework and fill the holes of the conductive framework, wherein a pore-forming agent and a catalytic active substance are dispersed in the hydrophobic material;
baking the solid hydrophobic material dispersed with the pore-forming agent and the catalytic active substance so that the pore-forming agent is discharged due to thermal decomposition to form the irregular gas channel;
and carrying out hot pressing on the baked gas diffusion electrode to further discharge the pore-forming agent and further solidify the hydrophobic material.
Optionally, the cold pressing pressure ranges from 1.3MPa to 1.8 MPa.
Optionally, the cold pressing duration is in the range of 4min to 6 min.
Optionally, the baking temperature range is 150 ℃ to 190 ℃.
Optionally, the baking duration time ranges from 60min to 90 min.
Alternatively, the hot pressing temperature ranges from 270 ℃ to 350 ℃.
Optionally, the hot pressing duration is in the range of 5min to 10 min.
Optionally, the hot pressing pressure ranges from 2.8MPa to 3.5 MPa.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problem of the invention is an electrolysis device which comprises the gas diffusion electrode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas diffusion electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of a gas diffusion electrode of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a gas diffusion electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing a sub-division of a part of the steps in the manufacturing method shown in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the present embodiment provides a gas diffusion electrode comprising a conductive skeleton 1 having a porous structure, and a connection part 2 filling the pores, irregular gas passages being formed in the connection part 2, the main material of the connection part 2 being a hydrophobic material, and a catalytically active substance 3 being dispersed in the main material of the connection part 2.
The conductive skeleton 1 plays a role of electric conduction, and it is a porous structure that functions as a structure better integrated with the connection part 2. The conductive frame 1 is specifically a foam nickel or stainless steel net, and can also be a nickel net. Wherein the main material of the connecting part 2 comprises polytetrafluoroethylene or perfluorosulfonic acid. The main material of the connection portion 2 functions to block the permeation of the electrolyte. The irregular holes are formed in the connecting part 2 to serve as irregular gas channels. The material of the catalytically active substance 3 includes carbon black-supported platinum catalytic material and/or carbon nanotube-supported platinum catalytic material. The catalytically active material 3 acts catalytically in the subsequent electrolysis process. Of course, the diameter of the irregular gas channel should not be excessively large, and the penetration of the electrolyte easily occurs. The diameter of the irregular gas channel should not be too small, which is detrimental to the diffusion of the gas. Specific suitable diameter ranges can be determined experimentally.
Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a gas diffusion electrode of this type. Wherein, the horizontal and vertical net structure is a schematic diagram of the conductive framework 1 (specifically, foamed nickel). The gap of the conductive framework 1 is filled with the connecting part 2. A catalytically active material 3 is fixed in the connecting portion 2. As can be seen from the enlarged view of a part in fig. 1, there is an interface of hydrogen and water in the irregular gas passages formed in the connection part 2, and the hydrogen gas is electrolytically reacted in the irregular gas passages of the connection part 2.
Fig. 2 is a microscopic view of an embodiment of a gas diffusion electrode in which the conductive skeleton 1 is also a nickel foam.
The material mechanical strength of the conductive framework 1 with the porous structure is enough, and the gas diffusion electrode formed by the conductive framework is of an integral structure, so that the mechanical strength of the gas diffusion electrode is improved. The irregular gas channels in the connecting part 2 facilitate the diffusion and permeation of gas (such as hydrogen), thereby improving the gas conductivity and reducing the reaction potential. Furthermore, the area of the existing foam nickel or stainless steel net or nickel net can be large enough, and the area of the gas diffusion electrode is flexible and adjustable and can be large enough. The experiments described later show that the area of the gas diffusion electrode can be made 1m by 1.2 m.
Example 2:
this example provides a method of making a gas diffusion electrode that can be used to make the gas diffusion electrode of example 1. Referring to fig. 3, the preparation includes the following steps.
At step S1, a slurry containing a pore former, a hydrophobic material, and a catalytic active material is applied to the conductive skeleton having a porous structure, so that the slurry is filled into pores of the conductive skeleton.
Specifically, the slurry needs to be prepared. The method specifically comprises the following steps: preparing slurry containing hydrophobic emulsion, pore-forming agent, catalytic active substance and organic solvent. The hydrophobic emulsion is, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene (FTFE) emulsion or a perfluorosulfonic acid (Nafion) emulsion. Examples of the catalytically active substance are carbon black-supported platinum catalytic materials and/or carbon nanotube-supported platinum catalytic materials. The particle size of the catalytically active material is preferably nanoscale or nanoscale-like. The organic solvent is, for example, isopropyl alcohol. Of course, in order to improve the properties of the slurry, a certain amount of demineralized water is usually added. The pore-forming agent is used as a surfactant, and the surfactant includes triton. Certainly, in order to prepare the slurry, ultrasonic oscillation is also required to be matched with the stirring paddle for stirring.
Preferably, the conductive skeleton having a porous structure is surface-treated. For example, the conductive skeleton having a porous structure is immersed in an alkaline solution, and ultrasonic washing is performed. Optionally, the material of the conductive skeleton comprises any one of foamed nickel, stainless steel mesh and nickel mesh. In the case of foamed nickel, the purpose of the alkaline solution cleaning is to remove oil stains and organic matters remaining on the foamed nickel. For the stainless steel net, oxalic acid pickling is sequentially carried out so as to improve the surface roughness of the stainless steel net and sodium hydroxide solution alkali washing is carried out so as to remove residual oil stains and organic matters.
Subsequently, the paste is coated on the conductive skeleton so that the paste is filled into the pores of the conductive skeleton. Since the slurry is in a semi-fluid state, after the slurry is coated on the conductive skeleton, the slurry is attached to the surface of the conductive skeleton 1 and permeates into the pores of the conductive skeleton (for example, permeates into the foamed nickel or permeates into the stainless steel net and the surface opposite to the stainless steel net). The specific process may be to first lay the conductive skeleton on a coating platform, and then to coat the paste on the surface of the conductive skeleton to a set thickness by using a screen printing process. The thickness is set to be D, and preferably, the thickness satisfies 1mm < D < 1.5 mm. If the set thickness is too thin, the gas diffusion electrode produced will have insufficient hydrophobicity. If the set thickness is too large, the gas diffusion effect of the gas diffusion electrode obtained by the method is not good.
At step S2, the slurry is subjected to curing and pore-forming treatment to obtain the connecting portions and irregular gas channels. The removal of the organic solvent creates a certain amount of voids in the slurry. The pores are beneficial to increase the surface area of the electrochemical reaction, thereby facilitating the electrochemical reaction.
Referring to fig. 4, this step specifically includes the following substeps.
In sub-step S21, the slurry is cold-pressed so that the hydrophobic material wraps the conductive skeleton in a solid state and fills pores of the conductive skeleton, wherein a pore former and a catalytically active substance are dispersed in the hydrophobic material. Thus, the slurry and the conductive framework are combined preliminarily. The cold pressing process also removes most of the water and most of the organic solvent in the slurry. The thickness of the semi-finished product of the gas diffusion electrode after cold pressing can be controlled between 1mm and 1.5 mm.
Optionally, the cold pressing pressure ranges from 1.3MPa to 1.8 MPa. Too high a cold pressing pressure can extrude the slurry out of the foamed nickel substrate, and too low a pressure cannot effectively drain water and organic solvents.
Optionally, the cold pressing duration is in the range of 4min to 6 min. If the cold pressing time is too long or too short, the slurry can be adhered to the upper surface of the pressing table of the pressing machine.
In sub-step S22, the hydrophobic material in a solid state in which the pore-forming agent and the catalytically active material are dispersed is baked to discharge the pore-forming agent due to thermal decomposition to form the irregular gas passages. In this manner, the bonding of the paste to the conductive skeleton is further enhanced, and water and organic solvents are further excluded. This substep also produces a certain amount of porosity in the hydrophobic material in the solid state.
Optionally, the baking temperature range is 150 ℃ to 190 ℃. Optionally, the baking duration time ranges from 60min to 90 min. The baking temperature and the baking time are correlated, the baking temperature is low, the baking time is long, the baking temperature is high, the baking time is short, the baking temperature is too low, the baking time is too long, and complete baking cannot be effectively achieved; the baking temperature is too high, or the baking time is too long, which may change the state of the PTFE.
In sub-step S23, the baked gas diffusion electrode is hot pressed to further expel the pore former and further cure the hydrophobic material. The hot pressing further displaces the pore former, thereby further creating irregular voids. The hot pressing also makes the combination of the hydrophobic material and the conductive framework more firm. The thickness of the gas diffusion electrode after hot pressing can be controlled between 0.5mm and 1.5 mm.
Optionally, the hot pressing pressure ranges from 2.8MPa to 3.5 MPa. Too high or too low hot-pressing pressure can cause difficulty in peeling the electrode from the hot-pressing table. In addition, too low a pressure may affect the compactness of the active material within the electrode, and too high a pressure may result in too "compaction" of the interior of the electrode, affecting hydrogen permeability.
Optionally, the hot pressing temperature ranges from 270 ℃ to 350 ℃; optionally, the hot pressing duration is in the range of 5min to 10 min. The hot pressing temperature is associated with the hot pressing time, and the hot pressing time is long if the hot pressing temperature is low; the hot pressing temperature is high, and the hot pressing time is short. The hot pressing temperature is too low, the pore-forming agent (i.e., a surfactant described later) cannot be completely decomposed, the pore-forming effect cannot be achieved, and the PTFE cannot completely form a wire mesh structure; the hot pressing temperature is too high, the amount of the pore-forming agent gas generated by thermal decomposition is too large, and the structure damage can occur in the pore-forming process.
The following are several experimental examples using the above preparation method.
Experimental example 1: foamed nickel is used as a conductive framework (50mm multiplied by 50mm), the conductive framework is soaked in alkali liquor and ultrasonically washed, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 10 percent (wt%), the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the washing time is 30min, after the alkali washing is finished, softened water is used for spraying, washing and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for later use. The catalytic active material is carbon black loaded platinum catalytic material, 100g of the catalytic active material is taken, 30g of softened water, 10ml of isopropanol, 30ml of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and 5ml of triton are taken, mixed and put into an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic dispersion and matched with a stirring paddle for stirring for 30min to obtain uniformly dispersed catalytic active viscous slurry for later use. And horizontally placing the processed foamed nickel conductive framework on a slurry coating platform, placing the uniformly dispersed catalytic activity slurry on the surface of the conductive framework, uniformly scraping by using a scraper, and then covering a layer of foamed nickel on the surface. Then cold pressing is carried out, the temperature is room temperature, the pressure is 1.3MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 3 min. And (3) putting the cold-pressed electrode into a 60 ℃ drying oven for drying for 4h, taking out the electrode, carrying out hot pressing on the electrode in a hot press at the temperature of 280 ℃ and the pressure of 3.5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5min, taking out the electrode, and naturally cooling to room temperature to finish the preparation of the electrode.
The thickness of the electrode prepared by the method is about 1mm, and the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is solidified into a net chain shape in the electrode at the hot pressing temperature, so that the function of fixing the catalytic active material and improving the hydrophobicity of the electrode are achieved. The electrode prepared by the method has an amorphous pore structure formed inside the electrode due to the dried and thermally decomposed triton, so that the diffusion and permeation of hydrogen are facilitated, the hydrogen conductivity of the electrode is improved, and the hydrogen oxidation overpotential is reduced.
Experimental example 2: foamed nickel is used as a conductive framework (50mm multiplied by 50mm), the conductive framework is soaked in alkali liquor and ultrasonically washed, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 10 percent (wt%), the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the washing time is 30min, after the alkali washing is finished, softened water is used for spraying, washing and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for later use. The catalytic active material is prepared from 50g of carbon black loaded platinum catalytic material and 50g of carbon nano tube loaded platinum catalytic material, 30g of softened water, 10ml of isopropanol, 30ml of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and 5ml of triton, and the components are mixed and placed in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic dispersion and are matched with a stirring paddle for stirring for 45min to obtain uniformly dispersed catalytic active viscous slurry for later use. Horizontally placing the processed foamed nickel conductive framework on a slurry coating platform, placing the uniformly dispersed catalytic activity slurry on the surface of the conductive framework, uniformly scraping by using a scraper, and placing into a cold press for cold pressing at room temperature and 1.5MPa for 5 min. And (3) putting the cold-pressed electrode into a 60 ℃ drying oven for drying for 4h, taking out the electrode, carrying out hot pressing on the electrode in a hot press at the temperature of 300 ℃ and the pressure of 3.2MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, taking out the electrode, and naturally cooling to room temperature to finish the preparation of the electrode.
The thickness of the electrode prepared by the method is about 0.8mm, and the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is solidified into a net chain shape in the electrode at the hot pressing temperature, so that the function of fixing the catalytic active material and improving the hydrophobicity of the electrode are achieved. The electrode prepared by the method has an amorphous pore structure formed inside the electrode due to the dried and thermally decomposed triton, so that the diffusion and permeation of hydrogen are facilitated, the hydrogen conductivity of the electrode is improved, and the hydrogen oxidation overpotential is reduced.
Experimental example 3: adopting a stainless steel net as a conductive framework (50mm multiplied by 50mm), soaking the conductive framework in alkali liquor for ultrasonic washing, wherein the concentration of the alkali liquor is 10 percent (wt%), the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the washing time is 30min, soaking the stainless steel net in 2 percent (wt%) oxalic acid at room temperature after the alkali washing is finished, then spraying and cleaning the stainless steel net with softened water, and drying the stainless steel net in an oven at 60 ℃ for later use. The catalytic active material is prepared by selecting 100g of carbon nanotube supported platinum catalytic material, then taking 30g of softened water, 10ml of isopropanol, 30ml of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and 5ml of triton, mixing, putting into an ultrasonic instrument, ultrasonically dispersing, and stirring for 45min by matching with a stirring paddle to obtain uniformly dispersed catalytic active viscous slurry for later use. And horizontally placing the treated stainless steel mesh conductive framework on a slurry coating platform, placing the uniformly dispersed catalytic activity slurry on the surface of the conductive framework, uniformly scraping by using a scraper, and placing the conductive framework into a cold press for cold pressing at room temperature and 1.8MPa, wherein the pressure maintaining time is 5 min. And (3) putting the cold-pressed electrode into a 60 ℃ drying oven for drying for 4h, taking out the electrode, carrying out hot pressing on the electrode in a hot press at the temperature of 280 ℃ and the pressure of 3.0MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, taking out the electrode, and naturally cooling to room temperature to finish the preparation of the electrode.
The thickness of the electrode prepared by the method is about 0.5mm, and the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is solidified into a net chain shape in the electrode at the hot pressing temperature, so that the function of fixing the catalytic active material and improving the hydrophobicity of the electrode are achieved. The electrode prepared by the method has an amorphous pore structure formed inside the electrode due to the dried and thermally decomposed triton, so that the diffusion and permeation of hydrogen are facilitated, the hydrogen conductivity of the electrode is improved, and the hydrogen oxidation overpotential is reduced.
Experimental example 4: adopting a stainless steel net as a conductive framework (50mm multiplied by 50mm), soaking the conductive framework in alkali liquor for ultrasonic washing, wherein the concentration of the alkali liquor is 10 percent (wt%), the alkali washing temperature is 40 ℃, the washing time is 30min, soaking the stainless steel net in 2 percent (wt%) oxalic acid at room temperature after the alkali washing is finished, then spraying and cleaning the stainless steel net with softened water, and drying the stainless steel net in an oven at 60 ℃ for later use. The catalytic active material is prepared by selecting 80g of carbon black loaded platinum catalytic material and 20g of carbon nano tube loaded platinum catalytic material, then taking 30g of softened water, 10ml of isopropanol, 30ml of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and 5ml of triton, mixing, putting into an ultrasonic instrument, ultrasonically dispersing, and stirring for 45min by matching with a stirring paddle to obtain uniformly dispersed catalytic active viscous slurry for later use. The treated stainless steel mesh conductive framework is horizontally placed on a slurry coating platform, uniformly dispersed catalytic activity slurry is placed on the surface of the conductive framework, a layer of foam nickel is covered on the surface of an electrode after the slurry is uniformly scraped by a scraper, and then the electrode is placed into a cold press for cold pressing at room temperature and 1.8MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5 min. And (3) putting the cold-pressed electrode into a 60 ℃ drying oven for drying for 4h, taking out the electrode, carrying out hot pressing on the electrode in a hot press at the temperature of 350 ℃ and the pressure of 3.5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, taking out the electrode, and naturally cooling to room temperature to finish the preparation of the electrode.
The thickness of the electrode prepared by the method is about 1.2mm, and the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is solidified into a net chain shape in the electrode at the hot pressing temperature, so that the function of fixing the catalytic active material and improving the hydrophobicity of the electrode are achieved. The electrode prepared by the method has an amorphous pore structure formed inside the electrode due to the dried and thermally decomposed triton, so that the diffusion and permeation of hydrogen are facilitated, the hydrogen conductivity of the electrode is improved, and the hydrogen oxidation overpotential is reduced.
Example 3:
this example provides an electrolysis apparatus comprising the gas diffusion electrode of example 1.
The gas diffusion electrode can flexibly set the mechanical size of an electrolytic cell in an electrolytic device in a larger range, and the electrolytic reaction efficiency is improved.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A gas diffusion electrode is characterized by comprising a conductive framework with a porous structure and a connecting part for filling the holes, wherein irregular gas channels are formed in the connecting part, the main material of the connecting part is a hydrophobic material, and a catalytic active substance is dispersed in the main material of the connecting part.
2. The gas diffusion electrode of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive skeleton is selected from any one of nickel foam, stainless steel mesh, and nickel mesh.
3. The gas diffusion electrode of claim 1, wherein the body material of the connection is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene or perfluorosulfonic acid.
4. The gas diffusion electrode of claim 1, wherein the catalytically active species is selected from carbon black-supported platinum catalytic materials or carbon nanotube-supported platinum catalytic materials.
5. A method of manufacturing a gas diffusion electrode according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
coating slurry containing pore-forming agent, hydrophobic material and catalytic active substance on the conductive skeleton with porous structure, so that the slurry is filled into the pores of the conductive skeleton;
and curing and pore-forming the slurry to obtain the connecting part and the irregular gas channel.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pore-forming agent is a surfactant comprising triton.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the curing and pore-forming process comprises the steps of:
cold pressing the slurry to enable the hydrophobic material to be in a solid state to wrap the conductive framework and fill the holes of the conductive framework, wherein a pore-forming agent and a catalytic active substance are dispersed in the hydrophobic material;
baking the solid hydrophobic material dispersed with the pore-forming agent and the catalytic active substance so that the pore-forming agent is discharged due to thermal decomposition to form the irregular gas channel;
and carrying out hot pressing on the baked gas diffusion electrode to further discharge the pore-forming agent and further solidify the hydrophobic material.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cold pressing pressure ranges from 1.3MPa to 1.8MPa, and the cold pressing duration ranges from 4min to 6 min; and/or
The baking temperature range is 150-190 ℃, and the baking duration range is 60-90 min; and/or
The hot pressing temperature range is 270-350 ℃, the hot pressing duration range is 5-10 min, and the hot pressing pressure range is 2.8-3.5 MPa.
9. An electrolysis device, characterized in that it comprises a gas diffusion electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN105439459A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-30 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Antireflection film with compact and porous surface, and making method thereof |
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