CN111833345B - Optical image-based metal surface oxide layer thickness monitoring method - Google Patents
Optical image-based metal surface oxide layer thickness monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111833345B CN111833345B CN202010746987.7A CN202010746987A CN111833345B CN 111833345 B CN111833345 B CN 111833345B CN 202010746987 A CN202010746987 A CN 202010746987A CN 111833345 B CN111833345 B CN 111833345B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0616—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material of coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/90—Determination of colour characteristics
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of power equipment detection, in particular to a method for monitoring the thickness of an oxide layer on a metal surface based on an optical image, which comprises the following steps: step one: acquiring images of oxide layers with different oxide layer thicknesses; step two: extracting chromaticity information of the image in the first step; step three: constructing an oxide layer thickness database according to the chromaticity information of the image in the second step, wherein different chromaticity information corresponds to different oxide layer thicknesses in the database; step four: monitoring equipment to be detected by using shooting equipment, and shooting the metal surface of the equipment to be detected at regular time to acquire an image; step five: and extracting chromaticity information of the image, comparing the chromaticity information with data in an oxide layer thickness database, and determining the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the image. The thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface can be judged by shooting the metal surface of the equipment, any operation or construction of responsible mechanical hardware is not needed for the equipment, so that the detection of the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface is more efficient and the equipment cannot be damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a method for monitoring the thickness of an oxide layer on a metal surface based on an optical image.
Background
Copper power equipment is easily oxidized in an outdoor working environment, oxidation degrees are different, the thickness of an oxide layer formed is different, and the thickness of the oxide layer can influence the mechanical property and the electrical property of the equipment, so that the method has important significance for judging the working state of the equipment by acquiring the thickness of the oxide layer of the equipment. The patent publication with the application number of CN201210467344.4 discloses a method for measuring the thickness of a metal layer and an oxide layer on the wall of a tube of a heating surface of a boiler, which is mainly detected by ultrasonic waves, and comprises the following steps of; adjusting instrument parameters; polishing the surface of the heated surface tube to be measured, and coating a coupling agent; placing a high-frequency transverse wave straight probe on the surface of a heated surface tube to be measured, and starting an instrument to measure; adjusting the time base proportion and gain of the broadband oscilloscope, and displaying the ultrasonic echo signal and the time interval thereof; the tube wall metal layer thickness S1 and the tube inner wall oxide layer thickness S2 were calculated.
Although the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface of the equipment can be determined and known by the method, the step of polishing the metal surface is needed, and if the method is used for electric equipment, the equipment is easy to damage. Meanwhile, the method needs to operate and measure the power equipment one by one, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming and low in detection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a monitoring method for the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface based on an optical image, which aims to solve the problems that the efficiency of measuring the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface by ultrasonic waves is low and power equipment can be damaged in the prior art, and the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface is measured by a method for shooting the image on the metal surface, so that the surface of the power equipment is not required to be treated, and the detection efficiency is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method for monitoring the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface based on the optical image comprises the following steps:
step one: acquiring images of oxide layers with different oxide layer thicknesses;
step two: extracting chromaticity information of the image in the first step;
step three: constructing an oxide layer thickness database according to the chromaticity information of the image in the second step, wherein different chromaticity information corresponds to different oxide layer thicknesses in the database;
step four: monitoring equipment to be detected by using shooting equipment, and shooting the metal surface of the equipment to be detected at regular time to acquire an image;
step five: and extracting chromaticity information of the image, comparing the chromaticity information with data in an oxide layer thickness database, and determining the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the image.
The chromaticity information of the image can be divided into three channels of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) in the RGB color space, i.e., each pixel is composed of R, G, B primary colors. The visible light photo color of copper comprises the color of copper, the black of copper oxide and the red of cuprous oxide under the reflection, when the composition proportion of oxide is fixed, the gray level of the red primary color of the synthesized color is fixed, the intensity of the reflected light is changed along with the increase of the thickness of an oxide layer, and the gray level of the blue primary color of the color is gradually reduced. The oxide layer thickness of the copper metal surface can be determined by comparing the gray levels of the blue primary colors in the oxide layer image.
Preferably, in the second step, the specific flow is as follows:
s2.1: selecting an analysis area consisting of M multiplied by N pixel points in an image, and extracting the gray level of each pixel point of a blue primary color in the analysis area;
s2.2: calculating the ratio of the number of pixels of a certain gray level of the blue primary color in the analysis area to the total pixels in the analysis area to obtain the frequency of the certain gray level;
s2.3: and repeating the step S2.2 until the frequency distribution of all gray levels of the blue primary colors is obtained, and obtaining the gray level with the maximum frequency.
The higher the gray level, the greater the brightness of the primary color; the greater the frequency, the more pixels reflecting the gray level appearance. And judging the thickness of the oxide layer of the image, namely the thickness of the oxide layer of the metal surface by acquiring the gray level frequency distribution of the blue primary color of one area of the image.
Preferably, the frequency calculation formula of the gray level is:
wherein i is gray level; numB (i) is the number of pixels of gray level i; m×n is the total number of pixels.
Preferably, in the third step, according to the gray level frequency distribution obtained in the second step, the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color is used as a reference value of the corresponding oxide layer thickness, that is, in the oxide layer thickness database, each oxide layer thickness corresponds to one gray level data, and if the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color of the image of one metal surface is consistent with a certain gray level data in the database, the oxide layer thickness of the metal surface is indicated as the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the gray level data.
Preferably, in the second step, different mxn pixel points are selected from the same image to form an analysis area, steps S2.2-S2.3 are repeated, and frequency distribution of all gray levels of different analysis areas is calculated; and collecting the maximum frequency gray level of all analysis areas to obtain the range value of the maximum frequency gray level under the same image. Because the frequency distribution of gray values is affected when the selected analysis areas are different in the same image, a certain range of values are selected after a plurality of different analysis areas are selected for calculation, so that the oxide layer thickness of the compared image is easier to determine when the database has more data and is compared.
Preferably, in the third step, the range value of the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color of the image is used as the reference value in the oxide thickness database, that is, the database has a plurality of sets of range values, each set of range values corresponds to one oxide thickness, and if the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color of the image of one metal surface falls within a certain set of range values, it is indicated that the oxide thickness of the metal surface is the oxide thickness corresponding to the set data. Detecting that a data falls within a range of values makes it easier to perform a comparative determination of the data.
Preferably, in the fourth step, a plurality of images of the metal surface of the apparatus are acquired at the time of photographing. In the fifth step, the gray level of the maximum frequency of the blue primary color in the plurality of images is calculated respectively, then the average value is obtained, and the thickness of the oxide layer corresponding to the group of images is determined according to the comparison between the average value and the data in the oxide layer thickness database. And if the average value is inconsistent with the data in the database, repeating the step four until the average value is consistent with any data in the database. The images are shot at the same time, the thickness of oxide layers corresponding to the images is consistent, and in order to avoid errors caused by single shooting, the average value of gray level data of the images is taken after the images are shot. The method flow for calculating the gray level of the maximum frequency of the blue primary color in the plurality of images is consistent with the method flow of the second step.
Preferably, in the first step, multiple groups of images with different oxide layer thicknesses are shot for the same equipment with different time and under the same lighting condition, and the images are marked as different oxide layer thicknesses. The acquired data is closer to the actual work by acquiring the data of a certain device on the site, but longer time is needed.
Preferably, in the first step, the specific flow is as follows:
s1.1, taking a copper plate, and mounting a heating device on the copper plate;
s1.2: the heating device heats the copper plate to 170-200 ℃ and shoots the surface of the copper plate after lasting 15-25 minutes, and a plurality of images are obtained;
s1.3: the temperature of the material is reduced to 40-50 ℃;
s1.4, repeating the steps 1.2-1.3 to obtain at least four groups of different images, wherein each group of images corresponds to different oxide layer thicknesses.
The working normal temperature of the power equipment is in the range of 200 ℃, the temperature is repeatedly increased and decreased, and the oxidization phenomenon needs a long time, but the oxidization process is accelerated by repeatedly heating the copper plate, the panels with different oxide layer thicknesses are prepared, and the data for building the oxide layer thickness database can be obtained in a short time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the chromaticity information data are obtained by analyzing the image of the metal surface, and after a reference database is established, the thickness of the oxide layer of the metal surface can be judged by shooting the metal surface of the equipment, any operation or construction of responsible mechanical hardware is not needed for the equipment, so that the detection of the thickness of the oxide layer of the metal surface is more efficient and the equipment is not damaged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring the thickness of an oxide layer on a metal surface based on an optical image according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationship depicted in the drawings is for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a method for monitoring the thickness of an oxide layer on a metal surface based on an optical image, which specifically includes the following steps:
step one: acquiring images of oxide layers with different oxide layer thicknesses;
step two: extracting chromaticity information of the image in the first step;
s2.1: selecting an analysis area formed by M multiplied by N pixel points in an image, and extracting the gray level of each pixel point of a blue primary color in the analysis area;
s2.2: calculating the ratio of the number of pixels of a certain gray level of a blue primary color in an analysis area to the total pixels in the analysis area to obtain the frequency of the certain gray level, wherein a specific formula is as follows:
wherein i is gray level; numB (i) is the number of pixels of gray level i; m×n is the total number of pixels.
S2.3: and repeating the step S2.2 until the frequency distribution of all gray levels of the blue primary colors is obtained, and obtaining the gray level with the maximum frequency.
The higher the gray level, the greater the brightness of the primary color; the greater the frequency, the more pixels reflecting the gray level appearance. And judging the thickness of the oxide layer of the image by acquiring the gray level frequency distribution of the blue primary color of one area of the image.
Step three: constructing an oxide layer thickness database according to the chromaticity information of the image in the second step, wherein different chromaticity information corresponds to different oxide layer thicknesses in the database; according to the gray level frequency distribution obtained in the second step, taking the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color as a reference value of the corresponding oxide layer thickness, namely, each oxide layer thickness corresponds to one gray level data, and if the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color of a metal surface image is consistent with a certain gray level of a database, indicating that the oxide layer thickness of the metal surface is the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the gray level data.
Step four: monitoring equipment to be detected by using shooting equipment, shooting the metal surface of the equipment to be detected at fixed time, and acquiring a plurality of images at one time at the same shooting time;
step five: and extracting chromaticity information of the images, respectively calculating the gray level of the maximum frequency of the blue primary color in the plurality of images, and then taking an average value. And comparing the average value with data in an oxide layer thickness database to determine the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the group of images. And if the average value is inconsistent with the data in the database, repeating the step four until the average value is consistent with any data in the database. The images are shot at the same time, the thickness of oxide layers corresponding to the images is consistent, and in order to avoid errors caused by single shooting, the average value of gray level data of the images is taken after the images are shot. The method flow for calculating the gray level of the maximum frequency of the blue primary color in the plurality of images is consistent with the method flow of the second step.
The beneficial effects of this implementation are: the chromaticity information data are obtained by analyzing the image of the metal surface, and after a reference database is established, the thickness of the oxide layer of the metal surface can be judged by shooting the metal surface of the equipment, any operation or construction of responsible mechanical hardware is not needed for the equipment, so that the detection of the thickness of the oxide layer of the metal surface is more efficient and the equipment is not damaged.
Example 2
Another embodiment of the method for monitoring the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface based on the optical image comprises the following specific steps:
step one: acquiring images of oxide layers with different oxide layer thicknesses;
step two: extracting chromaticity information of the image in the first step;
s2.1: selecting a plurality of m×n pixel points in the same image to form an analysis area, and extracting the gray level of each pixel point of the blue primary color in the analysis area;
s2.2: calculating the ratio of the number of pixels of a certain gray level of a blue primary color in an analysis area to the total pixels in the analysis area to obtain the frequency of the certain gray level, wherein a specific formula is as follows:
wherein i is gray level; numB (i) is the number of pixels of gray level i; m×n is the total number of pixels.
S2.3: and repeating the step S2.2 until the frequency distribution of all gray levels of the blue primary colors of the analysis area is obtained, and obtaining the gray level of the maximum frequency.
S2.4: steps S2.2-S2.3 are repeated to calculate the frequency distribution of all gray levels of the blue primary colors of the different analysis areas.
The higher the gray level, the greater the brightness of the primary color; the greater the frequency, the more pixels reflecting the gray level appearance. And judging the thickness of the oxide layer of the image by acquiring the gray level frequency distribution of the blue primary color of one area of the image.
Step three: in the third step, the range value of the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color is used as the reference value in the oxide layer thickness database, that is, the database is provided with a plurality of groups of range values, each group of range values corresponds to one oxide layer thickness, and if the gray level of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color of one metal surface image falls into a certain group of range values, the oxide layer thickness of the metal surface is indicated as the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the group data. Detecting that a data falls within a range of values makes it easier to perform a comparative determination of the data.
Step four: monitoring equipment to be detected by using shooting equipment, shooting the metal surface of the equipment to be detected at fixed time, and acquiring a plurality of images at one time at the same shooting time;
step five: and extracting chromaticity information of the images, respectively calculating the gray level of the maximum frequency of the blue primary color in the plurality of images, and then taking an average value. And comparing the average value with data in an oxide layer thickness database, and determining the oxide layer thickness of the group of images if the average value falls into a certain group of range values. And if the average value is inconsistent with the data in the database, repeating the step four until the average value falls into a range of a certain range value. The images are shot at the same time, the thickness of oxide layers corresponding to the images is consistent, and in order to avoid errors caused by single shooting, the average value of gray level data of the images is taken after the images are shot. The method flow for calculating the gray level of the maximum frequency of the blue primary color in the plurality of images is consistent with the method flow of the second step.
The beneficial effects of this implementation are: the chromaticity information data are obtained by analyzing the image of the metal surface, and after a reference database is established, the thickness of the oxide layer of the metal surface can be judged by shooting the metal surface of the equipment, any operation or construction of responsible mechanical hardware is not needed for the equipment, so that the detection of the thickness of the oxide layer of the metal surface is more efficient and the equipment is not damaged.
Example 3
In another embodiment of the method for monitoring the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface based on the optical image, on the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the specific flow of the first step is defined, and the specific steps are as follows:
in the first step, multiple groups of images with different oxide layer thicknesses are shot for the same equipment with different time and under the same lighting condition, and the images are marked as different oxide layer thicknesses. The acquired data is closer to the actual work by acquiring the data of a certain device on the site, but longer time is needed.
Example 4
In another embodiment of the method for monitoring the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface based on the optical image, on the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the specific flow of the first step is defined, and the specific steps are as follows:
s1.1, taking a copper plate, and mounting a heating device on the copper plate;
s1.2: the heating device heats the copper plate to 170-200 ℃ and shoots the surface of the copper plate after lasting 15-25 minutes, and a plurality of images are obtained;
s1.3: the temperature of the material is reduced to 40-50 ℃;
s1.4, repeating the steps 1.2-1.3 to obtain at least four groups of different images, wherein each group of images corresponds to different oxide layer thicknesses.
The working normal temperature of the power equipment is in the range of 200 ℃, the temperature is repeatedly increased and decreased, and the oxidization phenomenon needs a long time, but the oxidization process is accelerated by repeatedly heating the copper plate, the panels with different oxide layer thicknesses are prepared, and the data for building the oxide layer thickness database can be obtained in a short time.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for monitoring the thickness of the oxide layer on the metal surface based on the optical image is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: acquiring images of oxide layers with different oxide layer thicknesses; the specific flow is as follows:
s1.1, taking a copper plate, and mounting a heating device on the copper plate;
s1.2: the heating device heats the copper plate to 170-200 ℃ and shoots the surface of the copper plate after lasting 15-25 minutes, and a plurality of images are obtained;
s1.3: the temperature of the material is reduced to 40-50 ℃;
s1.4, repeating the steps 1.2-1.3 to obtain at least four groups of different images, wherein each group of images corresponds to different oxide layer thicknesses;
step two: extracting chromaticity information of the image in the first step; the specific flow is as follows:
s2.1: selecting an analysis area consisting of M multiplied by N pixel points in an image, and extracting the gray level of each pixel point of a blue primary color in the analysis area;
s2.2: calculating the ratio of the number of pixels of a certain gray level of the blue primary color in the analysis area to the total pixels in the analysis area to obtain the frequency of the certain gray level;
s2.3: repeating the step S2.2 until the frequency distribution of all gray levels of the blue primary colors is obtained, and obtaining the gray level of the maximum frequency;
s2.4, selecting different M multiplied by N pixel points in the same image to form an analysis area, repeating the steps S2.2-S2.3, and calculating the frequency distribution of all gray scales of different analysis areas; obtaining a range value of a gray level of the maximum frequency under the same image;
step three: constructing an oxide layer thickness database according to the chromaticity information of the image in the second step, wherein in the database, different chromaticity information corresponds to different oxide layer thicknesses, a range value of a gray level of the maximum frequency in a blue primary color of the image is used as a reference value in the oxide layer thickness database, and each group of range values corresponds to one oxide layer thickness;
step four: monitoring equipment to be detected by using shooting equipment, and shooting the metal surface of the equipment to be detected at regular time to acquire an image;
step five: and extracting chromaticity information of the image, comparing the chromaticity information with data in an oxide layer thickness database, and determining the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the image by indicating that the oxide layer thickness of the metal surface is the oxide layer thickness corresponding to the data in a certain range of values of the maximum frequency in the blue primary color of the image of the metal surface.
2. The method for monitoring the thickness of an oxide layer on a metal surface based on an optical image according to claim 1, wherein the frequency calculation formula of gray level is:
wherein i is gray level;NumB(i) The number of pixel points with the gray level of i; m×n is the total number of pixels.
3. The method for monitoring the thickness of an oxide layer on a metal surface based on optical images according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, a plurality of images of the metal surface of the device are acquired at the time of photographing.
4. A method for monitoring the thickness of an oxide layer on a metal surface based on optical images according to claim 3, wherein in the fifth step, the average value of the gray levels of the maximum frequency of the blue primary colors in the plurality of images is calculated, and the thickness of the oxide layer corresponding to the group of images is determined by comparing the average value with the data in the oxide layer thickness database; and if the average value is inconsistent with the data in the database, repeating the step four until the average value is consistent with any data in the database.
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| KR20130056055A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | Method and apparatus for measuring thickness of oxidation layer formed on high temperature steel plate |
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| KR19990053983A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-15 | 이구택 | Scale thickness measurement method of steel surface |
| JP2011202968A (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-10-13 | Jfe Steel Corp | Method and device for measurement of oxide film thickness on surface of steel plate |
| KR20130056055A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | Method and apparatus for measuring thickness of oxidation layer formed on high temperature steel plate |
| CN103363910A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Hot-rolled wire rod surface iron oxide scale average thickness measuring method |
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